备战2015年中考二轮讲练测

专题 15: 复合句

（宾语从句、定语从句）（讲案）

一讲考点——考点梳理

一.宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略

当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

[来源:Zxxk.Com]

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died. 注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句

在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.

在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week 直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time. 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. （三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下： I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.宾语从句的时态

[来源学科网ZXXK]

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五.宾语从句的特点

宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that you want to see?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）[1] He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\介词+ which\结构，因此常常和\介词+ which\结构交替使用，例 如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\介词+ which\引导的定语从 句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。

二讲题型——题型解析

【例题一】 — Could you please tell me ______ just now? — Sorry, I was busy with my work.

A. what the teacher says B. what does the teacher say C. what the teacher said D. what did the teacher say 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析：句意：--请你告诉我刚才老师说什么了？--抱歉，我正在忙于我的工作。分析：考查宾语从句的用法，从句要体现陈述语序。因此第一项，第三项正确，通过时间状语just now体现为一般过去时，因此第三项正确。故选C

考点：考查宾语从句的用法。 【例题二】No one knows ____ . A .what will the future be like B. what the future will be like C. what will be the future like