基础语法复习一（P1-10）

（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）

一、句子成分概述

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要

成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位

语。

（二）成分导图概览：

【例句】

主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed. 谓语：

1、简单谓语： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： You may keep the book for two weeks.

【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：We are students.

表语：

Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

宾语：

They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词）

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

宾语补足语：

定语：

Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）

状语：

【巩固训练一】

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.

四、选择填空：

1. ____ will leave for Beijing.

A. Now there the man B. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now 2. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold 3. The apple tasted ____.

A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter 5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded 6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we 7. He found the street much ______.

A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

A. its B. it C. that D. that is 9. The dog ____ mad.

A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked 10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

A. that B. when C. in which D. where

二、句子的种类

（一）句子的分类导图

【例句】判断下列句子所属：

Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class How clever the boy is!

He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：

英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。