此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的有效捷径。 如小题2，由第一段中popular和“the world's first shared bookstore”可知这家书店是世界首家，并且很受欢迎，结合“encourage more reading among Chinese citizens”可知鼓励更多的读者，综合这些信息，可以猜测risen to fame这一短语的意思是“名声大振”。
D
Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.
\very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,\University of Toronto,Canada.\humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them.\
Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.
Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.
The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.
“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,\Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
12. The study shows that______.
A. physical activity is important for physical health B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms
D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older
13. How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed? A. By analyzing causes. B. By giving an example. C. By describing the process. D. By showing differences. 14. What does the underlined word \A. Exercise. B. Development. C. Benefit. D. Study.
15. What is the author's attitude towards the animal study? A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】这篇短文介绍一项动物研究的过程，从而研究锻炼对大脑有终生的好处。 12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D. 13. 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C.
14. 词义猜测题。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A.
15. 观点态度题。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip,here are some tips
on how to protect yourself. ___16___. Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.
There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions,which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore,mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.
___17___. In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health.If you can't avoid unhealthful water,make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you.You'd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.
Always protect your feet.
It's best to wear slippers in the shower,but if you must be barefoot,put a towel down on the floor.___18___.You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country,including your hotel room.
Be sure to eat safe fruits.
___19___.They may have been washed in the same water,or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.
Enjoy the smell of roadside stands,not the food.
Unless the food is piping hot when served,it's best to stay away from roadside stands,no matter how good the smell of the food might be.If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean,order the food to go.___20___. A.Don't trust the local water
B.Any fruit served fresh may be polluted C.Look out for any water not served in a bottle
D.The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the table E.You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruits
F.They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your trip G.Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts
of the body
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. D
【解析】这篇短文介绍你们经常去旅游，在旅游时我们要注意保护自己，就出游时的自我保护提出一些建议。
16. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段提到夏天是放松的最佳时间，这里有一些建议关于如何保护你自己。下文是具体建议。因此F项“他们对于避免在旅途中带着大病回来是有必要的。”符合语境。故选F.
17. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据下段内容是关于旅游地的水不健康，要自己带水或者煮水的工具，可知A项“不要相信当地的水”可以概括下一段的内容。故选A.
18. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段标题“保护好你的脚”以及上句意思提到不要赤脚，可知G项“寄生虫可以进入你脚部的皮肤，并传播到身体的不同部位。”符合语境。故选G.
20. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段标题“享受路边摊的气味，而不是食物。”以及本段提到远离路边摊，不管气味多么好，可知D项“这些盒子可能比桌子上的盘子或叉子更干净。”符合语境。故选D.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两芾，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was just out of college,I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock（股票）exchange.
Though it was a proud___21___,the job was simply too physically___22___一I must stand in a crowd every day,which often___23___me in a mindset（心态）that held me back.