First of all, the Master must have close contact with the department heads because the daily management is delegated .[?deliɡit] 委托 to them although the Master himself is responsible for the overall safety and personnel management.
Secondly, the Master himself must know his job well and know when to do what and how.
Thirdly, the Master should be very strict in himself in discipline and behavior.
Fourthly, he should be fair in job assignment, pay distribution and other daily management. But if someone on board breaks the Master’s order or the rules on purpose, the Master will have to penalize [?pi:n?laiz] 惩罚 the offender and can consider firing him according to the procedure of the ship owner.
这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法，但是船东希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：“I will dismiss those who do not listen to me”。我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。上述答案只是笔者个人见解，谨供参考。
12. Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews?
Yes, I have worked on four ships of mixed crew from China, China Taiwan, Philippine, Vietnam, Russia, South Korea, Japan, Burma and Ukraine. 实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东知道的机会。
13. How do you differentiate the Chinese crews and the Philippine crews? Or how do you like the Philippine (Korean, Vietnamese, Indian, Burmese, Ukrainian, Russian, British etc.) seamen?
I had the experience of working with the Filipino crew. The Filipinos are mostly very professional and obedient. Sometimes they are also demanding in terms of wages. As a whole, they are very nice seafarers.
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在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文化的人都有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得十分重要。
14. Can you tell me about the companies you have worked for? What are the differences among these companies?
The company I have worked for the past ten years is a state-owned company. It is a good company. But the management of the company is, in some ways, different from foreign shipowners companies.
实事求是。同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。 15. How is a passage/voyage plan made on board ships? What materials do you need to refer to when you make such plans?
Usually, a passage plan should be made before a new voyage starts. The Master should give the Second Officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailing routes and before the Second Officer prepares the draft plan. Then the Master is supposed to check it very carefully. If something wrong is found in the passage plan, the Master should ask the Second Officer to correct it immediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratified and implemented.
When the Second Officer is making the draft plan, the Master should help provide some important information sources for the Second Officer, such as the port entry guidance, the sailing directions, lists of lights, tidal stream tables, deep draught vessel planning guide, the IMO ship route guidance, government and port authority’s regulations, pilot charts, notice to mariner, weather information, and the voyage plan and so on.
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The Master should ensure that the plan covers “berth to berth” area in the passage. And the Master should help the Second Officer to select the best sailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weather conditions. 16. Can you describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports?
First, I must check all the certificates for the vessel and the seamen to make sure all the necessary certificates are available to deal with the customs clearances, the sanitary checks and other port checks. In addition, I must prepare such publications as currently corrected navigational charts, US costal pilot guide, light list book, light list book, tide tables, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice to mariners.
Forty-eight hours prior to entry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills and log them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear from steering compartment, communication between bridge and steering compartment, and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the Qualified Individual of my arrival.
Twenty-four hours before arrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ship’s arrival.
Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port, the following equipment shall be tested and recorded in the log book: primary and second steering gear, internal control communications and alarms, standing-by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery.
Drills are also the priorities of my preparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attention to the drills. So boat drills, fire-fighting drills and other drills must be carried out before entering into any US port.
Sanitary situation of my ship is another consideration. Proper disposal of garbage on cy ship and anti-pollution devices examination are very important.
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All in all, much more care should be taken before entry into any US port than in the ports in other countries.
美国是世界上海事立法最多，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题。
17. Did you encounter any problems during PSC inspections in the US ports? No, I have never met any big problems because I always made good preparation before my vessel called at the US port. Each time I was able to go through the PSC inspections smoothly. Or you can say:
Yes, I once had a problem during PSC inspection in a US port. The ARPA couldn’t be activated since the power supply was out of work. The USCG only allowed us a few hours to repair it. To their satisfaction, the ARPA was back to normal after only one hour. Luckily we didn’t have any fine imposed on us. I understand from this experience that good preparations in advance are very important. Even if there is a problem, I will ask my crew to rectify it in the least possible time.
18. How should the pre-departure seminar be conducted in the port? According to my experience, a safety meeting shall be held prior to departure and some of the important issues like the un-berthing operation (including the deck and engine room), cargo & hull lashing check, stowaway check, cooperation with the pilot and other engineering (technical) matters should be discussed at the meeting.
19. Why should the Master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot?
Well, it’s because the presence of the pilot on the bridge does not relieve the Master from taking any measures necessary to assure the safety of the ship and marine environment. If he finds that the pilot’s orders are
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