10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

A. delays A. decrease A. later A. shifting A. deals A. abilities

B. expects B. influence B. sooner B. altering B. practices B. capabilities

C. gets C. increase C. faster C. ranging C. customs C. chances

D. decides D. transform D. slower D. functioning D. operations D. outputs

【答案】1-5 BACDA 6-10 CBCDA 11-15 CBABC 解析：

（1）：从下文举例可知，员工们对自己对自己退休年龄都假设到很晚，觉得自己可以工作到65岁，而事实是都会提前退休，所以这题是B optimism 乐观

（2）前面是不确定已经表示反义，所以后边定语从句应该是正义，A 指望加起来还是反义 （3）另外一个什么样的假设肯定是不太好的形容词 C 有瑕疵的 （4）现实和假设的相反 By contrast 固定搭配

（5）A 基础 B 地下室 C创办 D 建造应当把工作更长时间看作是积蓄的补足而不是基础 （6）假设自己肯定会在会工作更长时间这件事是怎么样的和第一段呼应：risky 冒险的

（7）（8）因为他们认为自己经济能力够，所以这一小部分人会比他们想的更早时间离开工作地方 （9）上下文递进所以是moreover

（10）如果一个员工推迟工作一年公司将损失这么多钱 delay 联系下文对delayed employees的分析 （11）1到4是代价增加

（12）很明显公司进行这个策略让这些员工更早退休 （13）这些转变包括时间减少，工作角色的转换（shift)

（14）员工对于退休的看法比老板的经营方式要快practice做名词有做法、习惯做法的意思固定搭配 （15）提高他们能够工作更长时间的机会

V. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

5/ 14

(A)

The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.

This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate ―free-riders‖: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.

On the flip side, there are many ― forced riders‖, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing ―climate justice‖ can be best described as sketchy.

The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.

More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.

The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most

6/ 14

vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.

1. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because . A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations B) it aims to keep temperature rise below only C) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries D) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility

2. Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-hand smokers? A) They have little responsibility for public health problems. B) They are easily affected by unhealthy environmental conditions. C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for. D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are facing. 3. What does the author say about the $ 100 billion funding? A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions. B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from. C) There is no explanation of how the money will be spent. D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.

4. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement? A) Encouraging developing nations to take the initiative. B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts. C) Pushing the current world leaders to reach agreement. D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.

【答案】1. A 2.C 3.B 4. D 【分析】

这篇阅读试题分析：本文讲述的是巴黎气候会议提出控制全球气温变化，提出让发展中国家为此“买单”，作者对此提出了质疑，且指出了其不足之处。

(1). 细节题。根据文章第二段Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.可知，故A正确。

7/ 14

(2). 推理题。根据文章第四段Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions.可知。故C正确。

(3). 细节题。根据文章第七段There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision.故B正确。

(4).细节题。根据文章倒数第二段，There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.可知。D正确。

(B)

With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.

Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – people trained to analyze large bodies of information – key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.

Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.

The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.

Anotherproblem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use

Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning

8/ 14