加工中心自动换刀装置结构设计

作 者：ee （ee） 指导教师：ee

[摘要]

本论文完成的是立式加工中心盘式刀库的传动设计、结构设计以及机械手部分的传动设计、结构设计。盘式刀库在数控加工中心上应用非常广泛，其换刀过程简单，总体结构简单、紧凑，定位精度高。刀库传动部分采用蜗轮蜗杆减速装置，可提高输出轴的传动平稳性能，即提高刀盘的运转平稳性。刀库满载装刀16把，采用单环排列方式放置。本次设计中的机械手采用单臂双手式机械手，可以同时完成插刀和拔刀动作，结构简单，换刀时间短。机械手传动部分采用一个液压升降缸和液压回转缸带动花键轴，进而带动机械手的运动。 [关键词]

立式加工中心；盘式刀库；机械手；自动换刀装置

Automatic tool changer structural design of machining

centers

Author：ee

(ee)

Tutor：ee

Abstract

what finished in this paper is drive design, structural design and the power transmission parts design of disc tool magazine in vertical machining center. This tool magazine is widely applied in NC machining center. And the process of changing tools is simple, short change time , high precision, simple and compact of structure, reliable, easy maintenanced and low cost. The transmission part of this tool magazine adopts gear reducer. The design of worm gearbox device can improve the stationarity of output shaft, namely, increasing the operation stability and smooth transmission properties of tool magazine.Transmission device of tool magazine adopts a adjusting sleeve to eliminate the transmission clearance of worm.This tool magazine can load 16 cutting tools which are arranged with monocylic and according to the principle of nearby to choose the right tool. The manipulator of this design is the manipulator with one arm and pair of hands.The advantage of this manipulator is that it can complete the action of inserting tool and pulling out the tool at the same time,simple structure and short change time. Mechanical transmission part adopts a hydraulic lift cylinder and hydraulic cylinder drives the spline shaft rotation, thus drive the motion of the manipulator. Key words

Vertical machining center; Disc tool magazine; Manipulator; Automatic Tool Changer

ee

目 录

引 言 .................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 1 绪论 ................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

1.1加工中心的定义 .................................................... 2 1.2加工中心的发展历程 ................................................ 2 1.3加工中心国内外现状 ................................................ 2 1.4国产加工中心目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势 .......................... 3 1.5加工中心的分类 .................................................... 4

2 加工中心自动换刀装置概述 ........................................... 5

2.1加工中心自动换刀装置（ATC）形式、特点及各自应用范围 ............... 5 2.2刀库及刀具交换装置 ................................................ 6

2.2.1刀库的形式 ................................................... 6 2.2.2刀具的选择方式 ............................................... 7 2.2.3刀具(刀座)识别装置 ........................................... 7 2.2.4刀具交换装置 ................................................. 8

3 总体方案设计 ........................................................ 10

3.1刀库的方案设计 ................................................... 10

3.1.1换刀过程 .................................................... 10 3.2.2刀库的传动 .................................................. 12 3.2机械手的方案设计 ................................................. 12

3.2.1换刀过程 .................................................... 12 3.2.2机械手的传动 ................................................ 13

4 刀库的设计 .......................................................... 13

4.1刀库电机的选用 ................................................... 14

4.1.1按负载转矩选 ................................................ 14 4.1.2按加速时的最大转矩选 ........................................ 14 4.1.3电机的校验 .................................................. 15 4.1.4分配传动比 .................................................. 16

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4.2 刀库传动机构的设计 ............................................... 16

4.2.1初定刀套线速度 .............................................. 16 4.2.2刀库传动机构 ................................................ 16 4.3刀库刀套的设计 ................................................... 23

5 机械手的设计 ........................................................ 25

5.1机械手的原理 ..................................................... 25 5.2机械手的机构组成 ................................................. 26 5.3机械手的机构组成 ................................................. 26

5.3.1手爪口的设计 ................................................ 26 5.3.2手爪锁的设计及计算 .......................................... 29 5.3.3手爪部分整体设计 ............................................ 30 5.4机械手的驱动机构 ................................................. 31

5.4.1液压缸的设计 ................................................ 35 5.4.2花键轴的设计 ................................................ 38 5.4.3液压系统的原理分析 .......................................... 41

致 谢 .................................................................. 44 参考文献 ............................................................... 45

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