occurs when you go from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one and find that your old,established patterns of behavior are ineffective.

(2)Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all your familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life:how to give orders,how to make purchases,when and where not to respond.Now these cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much as a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend for our peace of mind and efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we are not consciously aware of.P397

37.Ethics refers to judgments that focus om degrees of rightness and

wrongness,virtue and vice,and obligation in human behavior.P404

二.汉译英

1.Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature,but habits and customs keep them apart.---Confucius.性相近，习相远。--孔子

2.Lack of communication has given rise to differences in language,in thinking,in systems of belief and culture generally.These differences have made hostility among societies endemic and seemingly eternal.--Isaac Asimov P1

翻译一：语言，思维以及信仰和文化体制的差异通常源于匮乏的交流。这些差异形成社会难以摆脱以及看似无穷的敌意。

翻译二：语言，思维以及信仰和文化体制的差异通常源于匮乏的交流。这些差异使社会的敌意根深蒂固，似乎无穷无尽。

翻译三：一般来说，语言，思维以及信仰和文化体制的差异源自匮乏的交流。这些差异促成一种敌意，一种社会难以摆脱又似乎无穷尽的敌意。

3.In every conceivable manner,the family is a link to our past and a bridge to our future.---Alex Haley

在生活的方方面面，家庭总是联系过去的纽带，沟通未来的桥梁。

4.History is philosophy teaching by example.---Henry ST.John Bolingbroke P48历史是提供实例讲解的哲学。

5.(不考)Religion is doing;a man does not merely think his religion or feel it,he lives his religion as much as he is able,otherwise it is not a religion nut fantasy or philosophy.---George Gurdjieff

翻译一：宗教就是所做之事；一个人不只是领悟或感受宗教，他还要具备化宗教生活为人生寄托的能力，否则那只是幻想或哲学而不是宗教。(此句翻译的不太好)

翻译二：宗教就是身体力行；人们不仅仅思考或体验宗教，他还要有足够的能力践行他的宗教，否则那不是宗教，充其量只能算作幻想或哲学。

6.(不考)There is only one religion,though there are a hundred versions of

it.---George Bernard Shaw.P97

翻译一：宗教只有一种，但却有无数的版本。

翻译二：宗教只有一种，人们对它却有不同的描述。

7.The particular human chain we’re part of is central to our individual identity.---Elizabeth Stone

翻译一：个人认同感的重要组成部分是我们拥有的并置身其中的独特的人类联系。

翻译二:独特的人类联系是获取个人认同的关键。

8.The value of identity of course is that so often with it comes purpose.---Richard Grant P152

翻译一：我们寻求认同感的过程，其意义常常带有目的性。 翻译二：寻找自身认同的过程时常带有实现某种目的的价值。

9.Your beliefs become your thoughts.Your thoughts become your words.Your words become your actions.Your actions become your habits.Your habits become your values.Your values become your destiny.---Mahatma Gandhi. 10.On a group of theories one can find a school;but on a group of values one can find a culture,a civilization,a new way of living together among men.---Ignazio Silone. P184

信仰决定思想。思想决定语言。语言决定(形成)行动。行动决定习惯。习惯决定价值。价值决定命运。(此句中的value 意为价值观，为了保持译语的结构匀称，就译为价值)

11.If one finger is sore,the whole hand will hurt.--Chinese Proverb 翻译一：牵一发而动全身。

翻译二：手指之痛会引发全掌之痛。

12.Our lives are all different and yet the same.---Anne Frank.

翻译一：生活如此多姿多彩却又这般千篇一律。(此处千篇一律的语体色彩略含贬义)】

翻译二：我们的生活都各不相同却又十分相似。

13.(不考)Language shapes the way we think,and determines what we think about.--Benjamin Lee Whorf.

语言塑造思维的方式，决定思考的内容。

14.(不考)If we spoke a different language,we would perceive a somewhat different world.--Ludwing Wittgenstein.

能说不同的语言，我们便能感知与我们稍微不同的世界。

15.(不考)Language is the roadmap of a culture.It tells you where its people came from and where they are going.--Rita Mae Brown.P221 语言是文化的路标。从它那里我们了解人类的起源和发展方向。

16.There are times when silence has the loudest voice.--Leroy Brownlow 有时沉默往往具有爆发力。

17.To know what people think,pay regard to what they do,rather than what they say.--Rene Descartes.P243

翻译一：知人所知，观人所做，勿信人所说。

翻译二：了解人们所想之事，关注人们所做之事，而不是人们所说的话。 翻译三：了解人们思考的内容，关注人们所做的事情，而不是人们说的话。

18.Live together like brothers and do business like strangers.--Arab Proverb 生活似兄弟，经商如异客。

19.You will never know a man till you do business with him.--Scottish Proverb. P285

翻译一：生意场上见本真。

翻译二：只有同他人做生意，你才能真正了解一个人。

20.Human history is increasingly a race between intercultural education and disaster.If education is not intercultural,it is probably not education,but rather the inculcation of nationalist or religious fundamentalism.--David Coulby. 人类历史更多地体现为跨文化教育和大灾难的竞赛。教育不跨文化，它也许算不上真正的教育，充其量它只是在反复灌输国家主义(民族主义)和基要主义(基要主义强调直解《圣经》)

21.Our young must be taught that racial peculiarity do exist,but that beneath the skin,beyond the differing features and into the true heart of being,fundamentally we are more alike,my friend,than we are unlike.--Maya Angelou.P326

年轻人必须知道种族独特性确实存在，姑且不论肤色，不论各自的不同点，单从人们真实的内心世界就可以看出，本质上与其说我们不同，不如说我们彼此相同。(此句介词短语翻译的不到位，略有欠缺)

22.If you are not in tune with the universe,there is sickness in the heart and mind.--Navajo Saying.

翻译一：与世界唱反调者，其内心必有顽疾。

翻译二：一个人若不与世界其他人保持一致，他的心灵会有病症。

23.He who has health has hope,and he who has hope has everything.--Arabian Saying.P357

翻译一：人有健康就有了希望，有希望就拥有一切。 翻译二：有健康就有希望，有希望就拥有一切。

24.No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive.--Mahatma Gandhi. 翻译一：任何排外的文化终将灭亡。 翻译二：任何文化要长存必须兼收并蓄。

25.You cannot expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstance unless you change.--Les Brown.P383

翻译一：要想达到目标，超越自己，必须做出自我改变。

翻译二：惟有改变自己，一个人才能实现目标，甚至超越自己。 谚语警句

26.One who does not honor the penny is not worthy of the dollar.看轻一美分者不配拥有一美元。

27.A penny saved is a penny earned.聚沙成塔，水滴石穿。/省钱即赚钱。 28.The quacking duck is the first to get shot.P29枪打出头鸟。 29.Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

30.He who hesitates is lost.当断不断，必受其患。 31.Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于语言。

32.Nothing ventured,nothing gained.不入虎穴焉得虎子。 33.Man does not live by bread alone.人活着不能只靠面包。

34.Make hay while the sun shines.晒草须乘日照时。(乘热打铁，勿失良机) 35.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

36.Pull yourself up by your bootstraps你要重新振作起来啊！

Pull oneself up by one's own bootstraps直译过来就是：“通过自己的靴带站起身来”，这个短语的正确意思是：“不依靠他人，经过自己的努力来改善不良的处境”。因此，当美国人说\时，他/她要表达的意思就是:\、\、\of the bad state by your own struggle.\

37.No pain,no gain.一分耕耘一分收获。/不劳而无获。 38.A man’s home is his castle.一个人的家就是他的城堡。 U.S. a proverbial expression of personal privacy and security.

39.The squeaky wheel gets the grease. 吱吱叫的轮子先上油。/会哭的孩子有奶吃。to convey the idea that the most noticeable (or loudest) problems are the ones most likely to get attention. It is alternately expressed as \wheel gets the oil\

40.Variety is the spice of life.变化是生活的调味品。变化乃是生活的情趣。Diversity makes life interesting, as in Jim dates a different girl every week variety is the spice of life, he claims . This phrase comes from William Cowper's poem, \gives it all its flavor.\ Changes and new experiences make life delightful. 41.Lightning never strikes twice in the same place.坏事不过二。

Proverb an unusual situation or event is unlikely to happen again in exactly the same circumstances or to the same person.The same misfortune will never recur, as in Go ahead and try your luck investing in options again; lightning never strikes twice . This saying is based on a long-standing myth, which has been proved to be untrue. Nevertheless, it is so well known it is often shortened, as in the example. [Mid-1800s]

42.There is more than one way to skin a cat.解决事情的方法不止一种。A problem generally has more than one solution.

43.God gave us the nuts but he doesn’t crack them. 上帝给予我们美好的未来,但需要我们自己去奋斗。

44.What you can do today,don’t postpone until tomorrow.今日事今日毕。

45.To know the road ahead,ask those coming back.P30欲知前方事,且问过来人。

46.One does not make the wind,but is blown by it.顺天者昌,逆天者亡。

47.Since we cannot get what we like,let us like what we get.与其失去喜欢的，不如喜欢拥有的。

48.Man proposes and God disposes.成事在人，谋事在天。 49.Fall seven times,stand up eight.永不言败。永不放弃。 50.A man’s tongue is his sword.言辞即匕首。

51.Those who know do not speak and those who speak do not know.知者不