模板
大学英语四六级考试作文模板
Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据].
Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. First, [原因一]. Second, [原因二]. Third, [原因三].
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. For another, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象]. 为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。 Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场]. It is estimated that [5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的应试者是枪手]. Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知].The second one is [hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰]. The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打]. For another, [decapitation / 斩首]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].
英语四六级作文超级模板：阐述主题题型 第一部分、四六级作文：阐述主题题型作文写作步骤 英语四六级作文阐述主题题型，要求考生从一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行写作，如：2005年12月四级作文、2005年6月四六级作文、2003年1月四级作文。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述 先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的话扩展说几句： 主题句＋扩展句 第二段、举例说明现象 主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3 第三段、表明自己的观点并结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。 第二部分、阐述主题题型作文写作范文练习 ［实战演练］ Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题； 2、造成污染问题的原因； 3、解决办法。 ［写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段： 主题句：________has become a serious problem about which we worry. 扩展句：1、Wherever we turn, we find ________. 2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race. 第二段： 主题句：The real problem with _______ is _____. 扩展句：1、It is ____ that _____. 2、It is also _____ that ________. 3、Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____. 第三段： 结尾句：We must do something to solve _____. 扩展句：1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of ____. 2、Then we _____ 3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to ____can this problem be solved. 英语四六级作文：叙文的题型
第一部分、四六级作文：记叙文题型作文DIY写作步骤 要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析，如：2003年6月四级作文、2003年9月四级作文、2004年6月六级作文。 对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述 交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点： 主题句 第二段、具体描述 具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果 起因＋经过＋结果 第三段、对事件的分析 分析句1+分析句2+分析3 第二部分、记叙文题型作文DIY写作范文练习 ［实战演练］ Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill. 1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况； 2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的； 3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是.... ［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段： 开篇句：About _____ O'clock one evening in _______, _____. 扩展句：________. (展开描述一下事件) 第二段： 主题句：Without hesitation, _____. It wasn't long before _____. 扩展句：1、One ______. 2、Another _______. 3、Our teacher _______. 四六级作文：英文信函题型 第一部分、四六级作文：英文信函题型作文DIY写作步骤 要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信，如2005年12月六级作文、2005年1月四六级作文、2004年6月四六级作文、2004年1月四级作文。 对这类题型，通常分为5个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头：称呼 第二段、寒暄语句，引出写信的目的： 寒暄句＋主题句（注：寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子） 第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落： 主题句＋扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3 第四段、表明自己的观点，并结束书信主体段落 在最后要他谈自己的看法 第五段、寒暄句+落款 第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习 ［实战演练］ Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。 ［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr. President, 第二段：引出写信的目的 主题句： This letter comes to you from ____. 扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.
现象解释型模板一
1.Recently,__________.
2.What amaze us most is_________. 3.It is true that_________.
4.There are many reasons explaining_________. 5.The main reason is________. 6.What is more__________. 7.Thirdly,__________. 8.As a result_________.
9.Considering all these,_________. 10.For one thing,________. 11.For another,_________. 12.In conclusion,__________. 现象解释型模板二
1.As is known to all,_______.
2.________seem to get accustomed to_________. 3.In fact,_______.
4.The reasons of________lie in several aspects. 5.Firstly,________. 6.Secondly,________. 7.Thidly,_________. 8.Finaly,_________.
9.As a matter of fact,_________. 10.On the one hand,_________. 11.On the other hand,__________. 12.Therefore,___________. 现象解释型模板三 1.Nowadays,_________. 2.For one thing,__________. 3.For another,_________. 4.It is obvious__________.
5.Many remarkable factors contribute to_________. 6.First of all,________. 7.In addition,_________. 8.Thirdly,_________.
9.As to me,_________. 10.As we know,_________. 11.Besides,__________. 12.In a word,__________.
现象解释型叙事类作文专用模板
1.It so happened that_________. 2.Just at the moment,_________.
3.It impressed me most because________.
4.What hanppened was_________. 5.At first,__________.
6.Almost at the same time,_________. 7.What's more,___________. 8.As a result,___________.
9.As I understand it,___________. 10.On the one hand,___________. 11.On the other hand,___________. 12.Therefpre,____________.
对比选择型模板一
1.Recently,we may hear quite different opinions on__________. 2.Most people take it for granted that________. 3.However,others hold________.
4.A dominant idea is that_______. 5.In this view,_______.
6.Nevertheless,the objectors think________. 7.They argue that________.
8.As to me,I prefer________. 9.On the one hand,________. 10.On the other hand,________. 11.Therefore,_________. 12.In conclusion,_________. 对比选择型模板二
1.There is a heated debate over_________. 2.It is commonly accepted that_________. 3.In contrast,others_________.
4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest________. 5.In their view,__________.
6.However,others think__________. 7.They argue that___________.
8.Considering one after another,I stand on the side of_______. 9.First of all,__________. 10.Further more,__________. 11.Thirdly,___________. 12.Therefore,___________. 对比选择型模板三
1.Different people will offer quite different ideas________. 2.Many people assert__________.
3.However,others believe__________.
4.Some may proclaim___________.
5.They mainlain such an idea because_________. 6.In contrast,the objectors think__________. 7.The argue that_________.
8.As far as I am concerned,I agree to_________. 9.First,________. 10.Second,________.
11.Last but not the least,________. 12.In a word,_________. 问题解决型模板一
1.With the_______of________,________.(问题出现的背景) 2.So it is of graet importance for us to_________. 3.On the one hand,________. 4.On the other hand,_________.
5.However,we have figured out many ways to________. 6.Firstly,________.
7.So long as__________. 8.Secondly,_________. 9.Thirdly,_________.
10.In fact,________.
11.That is because________. 12.In a word,_________. 问题解决型模板二
1.There has been a discussion recently about________. 2.It is true to the present situation that_________. 3.But_________.
4.As is known to all,there are many ways________. 5.First of all,_______. 6.Further more,_______.
7.Last but not the least,________.
8.So it is high time for us to_______. 9.That is because_______. 10.Secondly,_________. 11.Thirdy,__________. 12.All in all,_________. 问题解决型模板三
1.Nowadays,there is a growing concern on_______. 2.It is certain that________. 3.However,_________.
4.It well cause many serious results if_______. 5.Firstly,________. 6.Secondly,________. 7.Finaly,________.
8.In spite of all these,there are still many ways________. 9.First of all,________. 10.In addition,________. 11.Thirdly,_________.
12.Only in this way,_________.
写作中常见的表达方式
Chapter One 文章开头句型
1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如(e.g)
[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others
argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether..... 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g
[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/ aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ... has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention) [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g:
[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...
Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/ popular than...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/ coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to......
Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g:
[1]. \has been shared by more and more people .
\great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. [2].\/this .
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this \
1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g:
[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new .
1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g:
[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.
[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g:
Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ... But in my opinion , ......
Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型 <一> 原因结果分析
3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g:
[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...
[2]. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...
[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....
3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g:
[1]. Another important factor is ....
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....
3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . e.g:
[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... [2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........ < 二 > 比较对照句型
3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 ! e.g:
[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.
3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用! e.g:
[1]. A and B have several things in common. They are similar in that.....
[2]. A bears some striking resemblances to B.
Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . e.g:
[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....
[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......
2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
e.g:
[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......
[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger .
2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g:
[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of ......
[2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency .
2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g:
[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....
[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g:
[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/beneficial.
[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........
2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! e.g:
[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....
[2]. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ......
以下是英语四六级短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that... 例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。新四六级备考专题：包含报考信息、四六级新题型介绍、四级满分牛人经验谈等 2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us. 例如：
Books are like friends.They ca n help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us. 3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmfulto us. 例如：
However，everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion. 4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life. 例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age. 5.表示措施
We should take some effective measures.
We should try our best to overcome(con quer)the difficulties. We should do our utmost in doing sth.
We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it. 6.表示变化
Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that... 2)No one can deny the fact that... 3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5)However，that's not the case. 例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to
promote a cleaner environment. 8.表示比较
1)Compared with A，B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them. 例如：
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.新四六级备考专题：包含报考信息、四六级新题型介绍、四级满分牛人经验谈等 9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 例如：
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has dec reased while that spent on education has increased. 再如：
From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
注：“From the graph listed above，it can be seen that”见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好地写出2002年6月CET -4、6短文写作的第一段。 10.表示看法
1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that...Others argue that... 例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers. 再如：
Do“lucky numbers ”really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it. 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11.表示结论
1)In short，it can be said that...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ... 例如：
From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved.
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 12.套语
1)It’s well known to us that ... 2)As is known to us，...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that ... 5)As aproverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way. 例如：
As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer
an“ivory tower.As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
再如： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.
列举法中常用的句型：
First (ly),…. Second (ly),…. Third (ly), …. First of all, … . Second, … . Third,,… First and foremost, … . Second, … .Finally,…. For one thing, … . For another, … .Finally,….
In the first place,….In the second place,…. In the third place,…. 举例时常用的句型：
For example/instance … A case in point is …
This can be illustrated by … Take … for example,…
Such … as … Another example is … say/suppose … as an illustration 表示比较和对比的常用词语：
There are a lot of similarities between X and Y X is like Y in … X has nothing in common with Y Compared with X, Y …We can compare X to Y … , on the contrary/on the other hand in contrast. In comparison with in spite of the fact nevertheless whereas conversely.
表示分类法常用的句型：
X may be classified/divided according to … / on the basis of … The classification is based on … X may be put into … groups… consists of / comprises 表示时间顺序的常用句型：
Before / until something has been done ( doing something),… While / As something is done ( doing something), … During this time / process
The process begins ( finishes / concludes ) with … 表示数量之间比较的语句：
increase / decrease by X times (净增／减X倍) It increased ( rose, jumped, shot up ) to X It decreased ( dropped, fell ) to X
The figure ( percentage, number, population, amount) has almost doubled as against that of last year 表示观点的语句：
The first thing to be considered is … I believe that … It is a fact that … This is unlikely to be true These views are open to doubt They would seem to be mistaken It is generally, / widely argued ( held / believed) that … 表示扩展的语句：
On the other hand …aside from …There is limit to …No one can claim that …The surprising thing is that … The same is true of … What's more series is that …No one can deny that … There 's no doubt that … 表示概括和总结：
In short … ; In a word, … ; In brief, … ;In conclusion, … ;On the whole, … ;In all, … ;Altogether, … ;There fore, it can be concluded that…On the basis, / Given this, it can be inferred that …Finally, it can / may be said that …to sump up in summary
表示因果的词语：
consequently, as a result, in consequence, therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, so, for, since 表示递进过渡的词语：
besides, in addition ( to ), moreover, furthermore, what's more, to make things still worse
二、经典句型 （一）、起笔句型
1. When it comes to science, the overwhelming majority of people hold an optimistic view. They regard it as our servant. But others argue that the opposite is true. They treat it as a monster. There is probable some truth on both sides, but as far as I am
concerned, I believe that…
2. There is a general debate over the phenomenon of students’ doing a part-time job. Those who advocate it claim that the experience does great good to these students. But people who object to it, on the other hand, hold the view that…
3. It’s widely held that the rise in teenage smoking is the inevitable result of economic development. But it’s not a satisfactory explanation. Personally speaking, I think the primary cause is that…
4. In recent years, there has been a dramatic/ steady increase/ decrease in the number of PCs in China, which has drawn/aroused public attention/concern.
5. In the past few years, China has witnessed/ seen a sharp rise/fall in the number of PCs. It is well known that the number has increased/ jumped/ decreased/ dropped by 20 percent compared with 10 years ago. A couple of factors can account for the phenomenon. （二）、用于承接转折句型
1. There are a number of reasons for my choice. For one thing/On one hand…; for another/ on the other hand… 2. A good case in point is …
3. It is no easy task to find the reason for the deep-seated tendency which involves several factors. Frankly speaking, however …
4. There is no denying that everything has two sides. But when we weigh this measure’s advantages against its disadvantages, we can see easily that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. So I’m for it. 5. Take… for example
6. Thanks to/ Owing to/ Due to/ As a result of/ Because of…
7. “Knowledge is power.” Such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people. 8. Let me cite another example to prove my opinion.
9. It may seem reasonable for people to draw such a conclusion, but they fail to take into account the fact that… 10. As a result, it may give rise to other problems.
11. For all/In spite of/Despite its demerits, it still has striking merits. So, although some people are against it, I won’t change my mind. I am in favor of it.
12. Etiquette is to society what apparel is to the individual. Forest is to our earth what lungs are to our body. （三）、用于文章结尾句型
1. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that… 2. In summary/ In brief/ In a word/ In conclusion/ All in all, we’d better… 3. No doubt, it’s high time that we took immediate action.
4. It is necessary that effective measures/ remedies should be taken to bring the current phenomenon to an end. 三、智慧谚语
1. Early to bed, early to rise make you healthy, wealthy and wise. 2. Never take anything for granted.
3. Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 4. Birds of a feather flock together.
5. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 6. Misfortunes never come alone.
7. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 8. We eat to live but not live to eat. 9. Better late than never. 10. One man, no man.
11. He laughs best who laughs last. 12. Waste not, want not.
13. Honesty is the best policy.
14. Learn to crawl before you can walk. 15. Look before you leap. 16. No news is good news.
17. What’s done can’t be undone.
18. The early bird catches the worm.
19. Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you. 20. Call a spade a spade. 21. No pains, no gains.
22. As you sow you shall mow. 23. Out of sight, out of mind. 24. Like father, like son. 25. Once bitten, twice shy. 26. A stitch in time saves nine. 27. Great minds think alike. 28. Strike while the iron is hot. 29. Spare the rod, spoil the child.
30. Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 31. Example is better than precept. 32. Let bygones be bygones. 四、名人名言
1. If you want the rainbow, you have to put up with the rain. 2. The first wealth is health. (Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882) 3. Every why has its wherefore. (William Shakespeare 1564-1616) 4. Advice is least heeded when most needed. (Anonymous)
5. A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. (Winston Churchill 1874-1965)
6. A man who has no imagination has no wings.
7. It’s much more difficult to judge oneself than to judge others.
8. Death is more universal than life; everyone dies but not everyone lives. 9. Love makes the world go round. (Charles Dickens 1812-1870) 10. Love conquers all things; let us too surrender to love.
11. Time is like water in a sponge. When you squeeze, water will ooze out. (Lu Xun) 12. Write it in your heart that every day is the best day of the year. (Emerson)
13. He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courage loses all. (Miguel de Cervantes 1547-1616)
14. To live means to create.
15. Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that can not fly. (Langston Hughes 1902-1967) 16. Sometimes a winner is just a dreamer who never gives up.
17. If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him. An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. (Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790)
18. There is only one thing more painful than learning from experience and that is not learning from experience.
19. The government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. (Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865)
20. In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends. 21. If you think you can, you can. And if you think you can’t, you’re right. 22. The first step to wisdom is silence; the second is listening. 23. A sincere smile is the most beautiful expression.
八.原因结果 1?.(结果)?, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构] 2?.(结果)?, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语] 3?.(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ] 4?.（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般] 5. It is precisely because （原因）?that （导致结果）? [强调结构] 6. ?, as a result, ?（导致结果）? [as a result做插入语] 7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型] 8. （原因），which in turn（结果） eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic. 九．采取措施，提出建议 1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,?. Secondly,?. Finally,? [常见句型] 2. If we let the situation go as it is, ?. By that time, ?. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么??。 到那个时候，??。[比较好的句型] 3. More and more people are realizing the importance of?[进行时态， more and more比many好] 4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do ?[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配] 5. If??, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句] 6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is ?for ?to do?句型] 7. enhance the awareness of people that? 8. The first nut for us to crack is? 我们首先要解决的是??。 [比The first thing we should do is ? 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多] 9. ??as soon as possible [常见句型] 10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好] 十．方式，比较 1. (Just) as ?, so? 正如? [ 比较句型 ] eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases. 2. in much the same way/manner that? 正如?, 和?一样 eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do. 十一. 让步 1. now that ?? 既然?? [让步从句] eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out. 2. unless?not? [ 让步从句] eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑] 十二. 强调句 1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句] eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation. 2. It is ?that? eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam. 3. nothing but 只不过；只有? eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词) 十三. 假设 1. Supposing??, it is likely that?. 假设?, 那么很可能? [假设, 虚拟语态] eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement. 十四. 反问 1. What else can ?? ??..还能做什么呢? eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢? 2. How could ??? 怎能?. eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books? 十五. 比较 1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines. 2. ??more?, less? eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient. 十六. 否定 1. 双重否定 not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的 not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的 not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的 (尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点) 2. by no means 并没有;当然不 3. no longer/more 不再 eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl. 十七. 程度 1. all the more 更加 eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn’t it? eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that… 2. more than 做副词, 意为 “多过?”, “比?以上”, “比?更” eg. I am more than happy to hear from you. 3. more than you can? 远超过你? eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受. 十八. 论相互关系 1. A have much(nothing) to do with B 2. A be closely related to B 3.A be directly bound up with B 4. a definite link between ?and? 十九.直陈观点 1. more than?can 简直不,无法,难以? eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 2. beyond description 无法描述 eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description. 3. There is no point(use) in doing? ?是没有任何意义的. 4. The first nut for us to crack is ? 我们首先要解决的问题是? 5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策 6. while ??with one hand, ??with the other. 当(我们)一方面?., 而另一方面? eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. 7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不 eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised. 8. be bound to eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. 9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然 10. sth. be measured in terms of ? sth.用?来衡量 eg. “success” is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity. 11?. (现象)?, upon which views vary from person to person. 12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的. 13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴) 14. from the ?point of view 从?角度来看 eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看 15. ??must be rooted out in order to ?. ?必须根除以? eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败. 16. ?represent only the tip of the iceberg. ??.只是冰山一角 eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. 17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七.一讲话). 18. ?.stand tall and aim far, broaden one’s vision and give full play to one’s intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年****的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开放:reform (and) opening-up等) 19?.demonstrate the value of one’s life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上) 20.When asked about?, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点) 21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that? 通常认为?. 22 It is no denying the fact that?. 无可否认? 23?.. , so?that? eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it. eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die. 二十. 辨证分析 1. Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. From one side,?. from the other side,?. 正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二的)”.从一方面看?.. 从另一方面来看?.. 二十一. 比喻,拟人 1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance. 2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power. 二十二.副词 1. admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. 2. simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money. 3. discreetly 小心谨慎地: point out discreetly that? 4. conceivably 可以想象地: Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful. 5. surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. 6. eagerly 渴望地 7. increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. 8. honestly: 诚实地: the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利 9. certainly: 当然地 As individuals we are certainly weak, but if ?作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但是如果? 结束语 这份句型总结,只是包含了大部分的句型结构.对任何人的写作都有一定的帮助.但是请不要完全依赖这份总结.（更多更好的短语,句型需要自己在阅读中不断积累总结. 转承语的使用 根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语 1) 比较对照 比较：like A, B … Just as A, B … A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B … 对照： Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B … A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B .. A …, B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, … 2)列举 First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), … The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last (The final) Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally) One/Another/Still another/The last The most essential/most important/primary/chief is … 3) 因果 as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that 4 起承转合常用语 1）\起\的常用语 When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with …, some people claim/think/argue/believe that …, but/while others …(differently) Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to …. With the development/improvement/growth of …, Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that …, According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, … Have you ever thought/wondered …? Suppose … As the saying goes, … 2) \承\的常用语 Those who hold …. It is true that … To be sure .. First/Firstly … The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential …. \承接上文\的方式与文章的段落结构有关，比较的与列举的不同，与举例的也不同。同学们应根据具体的情况选择适当的承接语。 3）\转\的常用语 It sounds like a good(attractive) idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand (see, notice There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact … Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics). Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足信的，不严密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（没有根据的）) they are. However logical (sound, forcible(有说服力)) these arguments may be, they don’t make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when … is viewed the other way (taken into consideration). As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view). Good/Superior/Wonderful as …., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems. They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account … In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected. It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn’t follow/doesn’t mean that … There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor … In many cases, however, … As far as .. is concerned, … 4) \合\的常用语 Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that … From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that… In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude …. It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken to … 一、用于驳性和比较性论文 1. In general, I don’t agree with 2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. 3. The chief reason why? is that? 4.There is no true that? 5. It is not true that? 6. It can be easily denied than? 7. We have no reason to believe that? 8. What is more serious is that? 9. But it is pity that? 10. Besides, we should not neglect that? 11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 13. Perhaps I was question why? 14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 16. What seems to be the trouble is? 17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 18. It would be reasonable to take the view that ?, but it would be foolish to claim that… 19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 20. What these people fail to consider is that… 21. It is one thing to insist that? , it is quite another to show that … 22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. 三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文 1.Everybody knows that? 2.It can be easily proved that? 3. It is true that? 4. No one can deny that 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 6. The chief reason is that? 7. We must recognize that? 8. There is on doubt that? 9. I am of the opinion that? 10. This can be expressed as follows; 11. To take ?for an example? 12. We have reason to believe that 13. Now that we know that? 14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 15. The change in ?largely results from the fact that 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… 17. A number of factors could account for the development in… 18. Perhaps the primary reason is? 19. It is chiefly responsible of? 20. The reasons for?are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… 23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 24. Different people observes it in different ways. 四、用于文章的开头 1. As the proverb says? 2. It goes without saying tan? 3. Generally speaking? 4. It is quite clear than because? 5. It is often said that ? 6. Many people often ask such question:“?？” 7. More and more people have come to realize? 8. There is no doubt that? 9. Some people believe that? 10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 11. One great man said that? 12. Recently the issue of? has been brought to public attention. 13. In the past several years there has been? 14. Now it is commonly held that? but I doubt whether… 15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 18. Faced with?, quite a few people argue that?, but other people conceive differently. 五、用于文章的结尾 1. from this point of view? 2. in a word? 3. in conclusion? 4. on account of this we can find that? 5. the result is dependent on? 6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 7. thus, this is the reason why we must? 8. to sum up ? 9. as far as?be concerned, I believe that? 10. It is obvious that? 11. There is little doubt that? 12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of ?, but …might be helpful 13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 六、用于论证和说明 1. As it is described that? 2. It has been illustrated that? 3. It provides a good example of? 4. We may cite another instance of? 5. History man provides us with the examples of… 6. A number of further facts may be added? 7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 8. A recent investigation indicate that? 9. According to the statistics provided ? 10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… 11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 13. Examples given leads me to conclude that? 14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that? 15. The idea may be proved by facts? 16. All the facts suggest that? 17. No one can deny the fact that? 18. We may face the undeniable fact that? ●表示比较和对照关系的句型： 1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D). 2) Just as..., so... 3) A and B have sth in common. 4) A is similar to B. 5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(??也是如此). 6) The advantages of A are much greater than B. 7) compared with B, A has many advantages. 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊). 9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too. 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage over..., it can not compete with B in... 11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe that... 12) What people fail to consider is that... 13) It is one thing to insist that..., it is quite another to show that... 14) Nothing can rival?(??是无与伦比的). 15) ?has drawbacks as well as merits. 16) A is superior(inferior) to B. 17) ...varies from person to person(??是因人而异的) 18) A is just the opposite (to B) 19) A differs from B in that?(A不同于B在于??) 20) ?is not the same (as) ●过渡性句型： 1) this is true that... 2) This is true, no doubt, but... 3) ...also... 4) It is one thing to...; it is another to... 四六级作文35个加分句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/ heard/ had/ read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调??的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ??（不可否认的??）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道??） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的??）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （??的优点是??）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （??的原因是??）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此??以致于??）
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然??）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈??愈??） 例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着??，??能够??） 例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （??使??能够??） 例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we+ V ~~~ （我们绝对不能??） 例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是??的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Those who ~~~ （??的人??）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不??） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不??）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的） It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是??的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past+ 时间，S + 现在完成式??（过去??年来，??一直??） 例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （??是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以??为基础）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让??明白??事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与??息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V （养成??的习惯）
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因为??） 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!
= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么??！）
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对??有很大的影响） 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to （对??有益），do harm to （对??有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对??造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best （尽全力去??） 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 好作文必用的句子之结尾句
1. The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________.
2. Everything has its own two sides, and no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________.
3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.
4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________. 5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________. 6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________.
7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future.
8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________.
9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.
10. In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________. If ______________, it may be very useful. Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________.
11. Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________. As for the second idea, ______________.
12. As a popular saying goes, ______________. In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________. I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________. So I am for the opinion that ______________.
13. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.
14. Personally, I believer that ______________. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________.
15. In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________.
16. People are coming to realize the importance of ______________. They have begun to try their best to ______________. We believe that ______________.
17. All in all, we cannot live without ______________ . But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.
18. Whatever you do, please remember the saying- ______________. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll definitely benefit a lot from it.
19. With the development of society, ______________. So it's urgent and necessary to ______________. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
20. It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________. However, from a personal point of view I find ______________. 21. It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.
22. It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________.
23. But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages. For example, ______________. Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice. 24. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________.
25. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________.
26. No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger.
27. We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won't ______________. 28. It is high time that ______________. Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.
29. In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________. Only in this way ______________.
30. Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better. The most import is ______________. Another way is ______________. Still another one is ______________.
31. Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be studied in depth.
32. No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________. But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way.
33. It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention.
34. We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.
35. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. Because I believe ______________.
36. We all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________. 37. My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubt that ______________. As an old saying goes, ______________.
38. If we can't take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.
39. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe ______________. 40. From the graph it is evident that ______________.
41. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. And I believe that ______________.
42. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________. 43. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________. 44. Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________. 45. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.
46. Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________. 47. In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.
48. After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile.
49. My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________. 50. Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.
51. From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages.
52. On the one hand, it has helped china ______________. On the other hand, it has increased China's ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.
53. In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. One way to tackle this question is ______________. Another way that is worth adopting is ______________.
54. As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.
55. For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration. 56. As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________. What's more, ______________.
57. If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________. For me, ______________. 描写图表和数据的句型 1) .. . rank first (both) in... 2) .. .in proportion to... 3) A is by far the largest... 4) As many as.... 5) The number is ...times as much as that of ... 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year. 7) It accounts for 35% of... 8) By comparison with ..., it decreased/increased/fell from...to... 9) ...rise rapidly(slowly) 10) ...remain level... 11) ...reach ... 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid demand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in 13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (??在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降) 用于描写图表和数据 1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. 11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… ●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型： 1) As can be indicated in the table, ... 2) As we could find out later， ... 3) As is revealed in the table，... 4) As the survey results show，... 5) This table provides several important points of comparison between，... 6) The two graphs depict the same thing in ... 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows: 8) According to the figures given in the table, ... 9) This chart shows that ... 10) As is shown by the graph, ... 11) It can be seen from the statistics that ... 12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ... rise/increase 图表 要对图表进行描写和讨论，首先要看懂图表，弄清其反映的问题或现象。注意： 1. 图表的类型： pie chart(表示各种事物在总数中所占比例) line graph(表示一种事物的上升或下降趋势) bar graph(表示几种事物在同一时期上升或下降的情况) table(表示多种事物之间的关系) 2. 抓住主要数据，反映根本问题： ①借助题目和要求 ②变化明显的数字 3. 掌握一些数字表达法： ①In the year?, it rose/increased/soared/jumped//decreased/dropped/fell by …percent ②In comparison with?, the figure/percentage has nearly/more than doubled/tripled/quadrupled. ③By the end of the last decade, as many as three quarters/75 percent of/three out of four/three in four college graduates as against/as opposed to 1990, had … 一、图形种类及概述法：
泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart
直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 表格图：table
流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram 以下是一些较常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, figures/statistics shows (that)...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ...
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how ......
阅卷考官经常是不会看那些图表的，因此文章必须逻辑清晰，如果描述得能令人在脑海里勾画出那个data chart，这篇task1无疑会达到8分的水平。开篇的第一句话可以是一句高度概括性的introduction(当然开门见山直接描述也是一种写法)；这样做不仅使文章更趋于完美，而且可以达到凑字数的目的(但不要照抄题目，除非时间相当紧迫)。接下来另起一段开始进行描述(根据实际情况1-2段)，这当中经常要连续使用非限定性定于从句，从而使得描述过程流畅、清晰。最后也可再另起一段进行简短的综述(并非必须)。上述的任何一个步骤都要遵循依据现有data进行客观描述的原则，任何推测性或议论性的内容写得再多、再精彩不仅不会加分，而且还会成为扣分的因素。 二、data的具体表达法
data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下:
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ... 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ... 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ... 最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverb form) 形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Noun form)
1. Verb+Adverb form The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly... +from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation)
+in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述稳定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop Verbal form:
(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 描述the highest point以及the lowest point 高点极值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in (月份/年) <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 低点极值：
XXX bottomed out / reached +rock / the bottom / a low point 或者hit a trough
此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列：as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ...
举例：for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 事实：as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... 雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...
转折：however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...
原因与结果
1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that... 2. cause-effect (较常用)
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
(一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ... 3. effect-cause (较常用)
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ... (一个句子), because ... it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ... it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ... 三、其它相关常用词(组) 1.主章开头
图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 2.表示数据
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak / high point bottomed out; reached the bottom
变化：recover略有回升；increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate浮动，摇摆不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply急剧升降的
steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably稳定的
表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到 表示程度：almost adv.几乎，差不多 nearly adv.几乎，密切地 approximately adv.近似的，大约
about adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围 just over刚超过
over adv.结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv.正确地，严密地 precisely adv.正好精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4 3.其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend明显趋势
during the same period在同一时期 grow/grew增长 distribute分布，区别 unequally不相等地 pronounced明显的 average平均 no doubt无疑地
corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的 represent vt.阐述，表现 overall总体上讲 except除外
in the case of adv.在...的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding在...方面 in contrast相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv.最后，总之 in comparison相比之下 inversely adv.相反地，倒转地 in general通常，大体上，一般而言 range from
excessive adj.过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝 category n.种类
government policy政府政策 market forces市场规率
measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节 forecast n.先见，预见v.预测
图表作文是同学们尤其是考六级的同学最后冲刺的时候必须重点备考的作文类型。既然是图表作文，那么第一段的对图表的描述就对作文的得分有最大的影响。考生应该在第一段描述图表的过程中，尽量在词汇和句型的运用上使自己的作文卓尔不群。 同学们可以先参考点点英语斑竹菠萝喳喳贴出的图表作文写作攻略一帖子 对于线性图表的描述 上升 1. 对于上升趋势的描述： a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to increase to go up to rise to grow to jump to leap to soar to shoot to pick up b. 可以使用的名词： an increase a growth a jump a soar an upward trend 2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述： a. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋具体数据。 b. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋the peak of＋具体数据。 c. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching the peak of +具体数据。 d. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching + 具体数据。 e. to peak at ＋ 具体数据 f. to climb to + 具体数据 3. 对于上升的程度的描述： a. 1. a. 中的动词＋by ＋ 具体数据。 b. 1. a. 中的动词＋副词。(见 下降 1. 对于下降趋势的描述： a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to fall to decrease to go down to slide to collapse to decline to drop b. 可以使用的名词： a collapse a decrease a fall a decline a drop 2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述： a. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋具体数据。 b. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋the bottom of＋具体数据。 c. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching the bottom of +具体数据。 d. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching + 具体数据。 3. 对于下降程度的描述： a. 1. a. 中的动词＋by ＋ 具体数据。 b. 1. a. 中的动词＋副词。(见 对于平稳的趋势的描述： 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to hardly change to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to stay the same 表示程度的副词： 1. 程度较大： considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly 2. 程度较小： slightly gradually slowly steadily 时间的嵌入 嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组： in from……to…… between…….and…… during……and…… at the start of …… by the end of …… over …… at the end of …… throughout …… 时间’s + 具体数据 上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后)： 1. 先上升后下降的句型：...... increased slowly during…… and …… but fell sharply in ……. A steady fall in …… during …… and …… followed the sharp increase in ……. 2. 先下降后上升的句型： …… fell before …… began to make a recovery …… …… continue the recovery, climbing to …… …… dropped during …… but increased again in …… …… fell and then pick up during …… …… collapsed before rising to ……at the end of …… 3. 起伏波动的句型： …… fluctuated sharply all through …… 4. 波动不大的句型： …… hardly changed through the period between ……and …… 柱状图形的描述 转换为线形图形的描述 饼状图形的描述 对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： …… % the …… is/has/have/are …… …… accounts for ……% of the total …… takes up ……% in the whole chart 趋势的比较 1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ： Both share prices rose sharply in January. Neither company has made a profit yet. Like X, Y fell in June. X rose just as sharply as Y. 2. 表示差异的句型(实例)： X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady. X fell quickly compared to Y. Unlike Y, X rose by 10%. X rose far more dramatically than Y. 3. 表示倍数的句型： the …… doubled/tripled in …… compared with those in …… 4. 客观比较的句型： …… is …… in contrast to …… 数据的修饰 1. 表示不足的词或词组： up to below under almost nearly 2. 表示超过的词或词组： over more than just over 3. 表示大约的词： about 补充一点点：一. 主章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 二. 表示数据 一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10% 最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point) bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 表示范围：from…to… between…and… for …to …多长时间直到 表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 三。常用词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在…的情况下 in contrast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 in comparison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 rang from excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝 category n.种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测 1.有用的词 上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 在***中占***:***gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen 原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。 B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结 1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。。(概述图表) 正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。 As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years. 2. It can be seen from the table that … (得出结论) shown graph concluded figures estimated statistics A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。 From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990. B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。 It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years. 3. … amount to … (数量总计) add up to come to sum up to 全部费用合计200美元。 All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200. 4. … increase from … to … (数量增减) decrease rise fall drop A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。 The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990. B.参加者的人数增加到30万。 The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons). C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。 The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons. 5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of 上升17% rise by 17per cent steel 日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。 The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970. 6.Compared with … , … 与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily. Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent. 7.There is (was) a rapid rise in … be on the rise has been sharp increase on the increase sudden decrease on the decline steady decline gradual fall slow drop slight 最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。 The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years. ——“结尾”段落中常用的句型： 1. In my opinion, … 2. Personally, I … 3. In short (= In brief), … 4. In conclusion, … 5.As far as I’m concerned, … 6. To conclude , it seems clear that … 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。 As far as I’m concerned ,I’m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. ================================================ 我再补充几点： 同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。 以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩： spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled upward / climbed drastically / soar / surge / experience an explosive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a modest ( marginal ) gain / on the rise / on the ascendance / wane / shrink / slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend (tide ) / sth. Continued its upward / downward trend. / reach the plateau / the bottleneck / sth. Level off / sth. Remains steady / stable / unchanged / constant / stay the same / There was a slight drop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply / dramatically / drastically / substantially / steeply / incredibly / massively / surprisingly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly / steadily / gradually / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a ( the ) peak / the highest point / A record number of students / reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience a moderate fluctuation / swing / 另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型，在考试的时候如果考到图表作文要会灵活使用。 This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 1990, three out of four houses were state-owned. However, by 2000, the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%. The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade. (1990-2000) As is suggested ( unfolded / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored ) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (1990-2000) According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses, while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. ( 1990-2000) From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drastic decrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade. (1990-2000) 大家如果在用词和句型上能够把握好，就在图表作文上成功了一大半。 ·四六级写作图表类作文，写作方法
1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。。（概述图表） 正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。 As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years. 2. It can be seen from the table that…（得出结论） shown graph concluded figures estimated statistics A.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。 From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990. B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。 It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.
3.…amount to…（数量总计） add up to come to sum up to 全部费用合计200美元。 All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.
4.…increase from…to…（数量增减） decrease rise fall drop A.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。 The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990. B.参加者的人数增加到30万。 The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons). C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。 The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons. 5.（be）three times as +形容词+ as总产量total output钢的年产量the annual output of 上升17％rise by 17per cent steel 日产量the daily output导致产量下降result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。 The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970. 6.Compared with…,… 与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily. Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.
7.There is (was) a rapid rise in…be on the rise has been sharp increase on the increase sudden decrease on the decline steady decline gradual fall slow drop slight 最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。 The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years. ——“结尾”段落中常用的句型： 1. In my opinion,…2. Personally, I…3. In short (= In brief),… 4. In conclusion,…5.As far as I’m concerned,…6. To conclude , it seems clear that… 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。 As far as I’m concerned ,I’m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. 一． 上升增长 1．?add up to? 增加了 eg. The total amount of ? added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994. 2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到? eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979. 3．?an increase of about?percent as compared with.. 与?相比大约增加了? eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January. 4．?to experience an increase/incline ?有了增长 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline. 二． 下降，减少 1．?to sink/drop/reduce to? 减少到? eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979. 2．?to experience a decrease/decline ?有了减少 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意： 修饰上升/减少的副词有： rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有： the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10% 三． 起伏 1．?to go up and down ?起伏不定 eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967. 2．There be ups and downs ?有起有伏 eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）. 四． 稳定 1．?to remain steady/level/unchanged ?保持稳定，几乎不变 eg. The rate of ?remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967. 2．?to level off (vi.) eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the ?rate shows signs of leveling off. 注意： 修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有： almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型： the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement it can be predicted that? eg. The rate of ?remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening. eg. The rate of ?remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in … 五． 成正比，反比 1．?be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与?成正比/反比 eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio. 六． 占百分之几，几分之几 1?.to form/comprise/make up/constitute ?.percent ?占百分之? eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population. eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%. 2．?to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of??占?的1/2,1/3,1/4 eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total. 3．?account for?percent 占百分之几 eg. ??, accounting for approximately 20 percent of… 七． 倍数 1．A be ?times as much/many as B eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan. 2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍 eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year. 附一 圆盘比例型图表 例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述: The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items. 总结写作模式： ?pie chart consists of?segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. . 英语应用文常用句型 一、邀请信 1、I\ 非常希望...共进晚餐 2、request the pleasure of 恭请... 3、The favor of a reply is requested 敬赐复函 4、May I have the honour of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临 5、Thank you for inviting us to dinner 谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐 6、I hope you\ 我期望您会在百忙中光临 7、The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于...在...举行 8、We sincerely hope you can attend 我们期待您的光临 9、We are looking forward to ... 我们期待着.... 10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion 为此我们决定举办一次晚会 11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参加，请早日告之 二、感谢信 1、Thank you very much for .... 十分感谢... 2、Many thanks for your ... 非常感谢您... 3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for ... 请接受我对...真挚的感谢 4、I am truly grateful to you for ... 为了...，我真心感激您 5、It was good (thoughtful) of you ... 承蒙好意（关心）... 6、You were so kind to send ...
承蒙好意送来... 7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您 8、I find an ordinary \我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地... 9、I sincerely appreciate ... 我衷心地感谢... 10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for ... 我对..深表谢意 11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation
应用文
2002.1 CET 6
A Letter to the Univerisity President about the Canteen Service on Camppus
January 6,2002 Dear Mr. President,
I am a junior from the Civil Engineering School. Here a am witting to you to call your attention to some problems about the canteen service on campus.
For one thing, the dishes at our canteen ar too expensive, and they are by no means good in quality and taste. For another, far from being kind and warm-hearted, the canteen workers always seem to be cold and rude to the students. Besides, the canteen is becoming more and more crowded and noisy with an ever larger presence of vocational students every terms.
Nutritious and delicious meals well within the students’ means are very important for young students. So it is urgent to take measures to improve the canteen service so that we can study hard. I do hope something will be done to improve the present situation.
Thank you very much.
Sincerely yours, Li Ming
An Application Letter
January 19,2007
Dear Mr. Jin,
I would like to apply for the position of legal secretary advertised in Today’s Youth Daily. I have submitted a copy of my resume for your consideration. I believe my qualifications are an ideal match for your requirements.
I am a major in economic law. I will graduate on July 1, 2007 from Peking Uninversity. In addition to the required courses, I have studied English and Accounting as my second and third major. My working at spare time in TL company as legal secretary provided me the opportunity to sharpen my skills. I believe my education and experience will enable me to perform better than other candidates who are lacking in working experience. You will find me to be realistic and efficient.
I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contace me. I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you for a personal interview. I can be reached by telephone between 3 p. m. and 10 p. m.
Sincerely yours, Wang Li
An Application Letter for Further Study
October 4, 2006
Dear Professor William,
I have read the annual Prospectus issued by your schill and found that it has the best graduate program of Engineering Science. I am greatly interested in the program and hoe that I could do my Master degree research under your instruction.
I am working at the Electrical Engineering Department of Wuhan University. During my four-year study there, I took such courses as Electrical Technology and Engineering Science. And I have passed all the required courses with satisfactory marks. Also, I have leaned to cooperated with others, which, I believe, is supremely important to my work. I am especially proficient in spoken and written English. Besides, I was a major member of seceral campus clubs including Flyer’s Disciples and Technology Association.
Two of my former professors and the present dean of our department have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, as enclosed with this letter.
I would be very grateful if you could send me the necessary forms and any information about financial aid in your program. I look forward to hering from you soon.
Sincerely yours Li Ming
An Apology Letter to the Previous Headmaster
January 24, 2007
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am excessively sorry to tell you that I couldn’t make the speech on how to study English language in China as planned. Now, I am writing you this letter to show my deep regret. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude. I fear you are displeased at my being unable to make a speech. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for being absent.
Iwill be very grateful if you are kind to listen to my explanation. The reason for my absence was that I had already arranged to do something else. I have no way out because the thing I need to do was very urgent. Therefore, it’s not in my power to comply with your request.
In addditon, I want to suggest that I give another speech at the end of this term. I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you will arrange the lecture for students. We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely yours, Li Ming
A Letter of Gratitude
June 10,2007
Dear Li Ying,
I am now writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks for your parcel last Friday, with English books and tapes, which are helpful to my study. I’d like you to know how much they meant to me. You have a positive genius for studying English. I not only enjo6yed the English books, but also the tapes. I shall ever remember them as one of the most important things in life.
I will not be very busy the following days. I hope to have the opportunity to express my gratitude to you face to face. I will feel very honored and pleased if you have time to make me a call. Would you kindly let me know whtat time you are at convenience? I am looking forward to meeting with you!
I repeat my thanks again for your parcel. Please give me kind regards to your family.
Yours tryly, Wang Ning
An Invitation Letter
June 10, 2007
Dear Jack,
Next Saturday, June 16, is my birthday and my parents will hold a birthday pary for me in my house. It would be pleasant to have you here. Will you join us?
During the party time, we will have lots of activities you are interestd in. first, we can have a good chit-chat about anything on the lawn under the sun. second, we can also sing the beartiful popular songs we like and cut the birthday cake.
I believe that you will be very interested in this occasion. Your ar my best friend and my parents want to see you too. Also, we haven’t seen each other for a long time and I am eager to see you. The party would not be complete without you!
Since the birthday party will begin at 7:30 p. m., is it possible for us t moeet at seven o’clock, Satruday evening in my house? We do hope you can come.
Sinceerely yours, Tan Liang
Your Help Needed
June 15, 2007
Dear friends,
I am writing this letter to call on all the students in our university to do something for Lucy. As some of you may know, Lucy, a lovely girl student from Class Two, Grade One, has been seriously ill. In fact, she has been suffering from hepatitis, which is very dangerous.
It is necessary for us to show our love and help to her. On one hand, Lucy is now in ugrent need of operation to have her liver transplanted. On the other hand, she needs more special car. However, her family is too poor to afford the expenses, which totaled 120,000 yuan. It is impossible for her family to raise such a large sum of money in such pressing time. So, it is high time for us to help Lucy out of danger, and Lit’s do what we can to save our fellow student. Firstly, we can raise money to help her out. Secondly, we can also help her through many other ways, such as taking care of her and chatting with her.
If you are willing to giver her a hand, please contact us at the number 62233564 in the daytime and 62233565 at night. Join us in the action and extend our love into a spirint of daring any possible difficulties.
Thank you !
Sincerely yours, Students’ Union