年产5万吨硝酸铵中和工段设计

目 录

山东轻工业学院2011届本科生毕业设计

摘 要

硝酸铵，简称硝铵，是无色无臭的透明结晶或呈白色的小颗粒，有潮解性化学物品。 硝酸铵的用途很广泛，主要用来做铵油药，铵油药性能好，爆速度高，使用成本低，广泛应用于矿山开采、建筑施工、铁路和公路修建、农田水利建设以及石化、化工、冶金、化纤、医药、日化等领域。

本设计遵循“技术成熟，工艺先进、设备配置科学、环保安全、经济效益”等原则，在比较国内外各种先进生产方法、工艺流程和设备配置基础上，选用的是从硝酸和氨气出发经过中和反应、两段蒸发、结晶制得到产品硝酸铵的工艺路线生产。此工艺既可以节省附加设备的费用,又可降低采用压力输送反应物料的电能消耗,是较为理想的工艺。本设计的重点是生产工艺设计论证、工艺计算及设备设计选型，附有带控制点的工艺流程图，主要生产设备结构尺寸图，生产车间的设备配置图。最后部分考虑环境保护和劳动安全，以达到减少“三废”排放，加强“三废”治理，确保安全生产，消除并尽可能减少工厂生产对职工的伤害。 关键词：

硝酸铵 工艺设计 工艺计算 设备选型

ABSTRACT

Ammonium nitrate is a colorless, non-odorous transparent crystal or show white small particles chemicals of deliquesce properties . Ammonium nitrate uses very extensive, mainly used for oil medicine, ammonium ammonium oil medicine performance is good, blasting high speed, use cost low, widely used in mining, construction, railway and highway construction, construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy and petrochemical, chemical industry, metallurgy, chemical fiber, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, oil, etc.

The design follows the \technology, advanced technology, equipment configuration scientific, environmental safety, economic efficiency,\the principle of reciprocity. After comparing domestic and foreign advanced production methods, process and equipment configuration , the choices are starting from nitric acid and ammonia through neutralization reaction, two paragraphs of vaporization crystallization process route of ammonium nitrate obtained product production. This process can save additional equipment costs, and can reduce the pressure of material conveying reaction of electricity consumption, is the ideal process. This design is the focus of the production process design argumentation, process calculation and design of equipment type selection, with take control process flow diagram, the main production equipment structure size chart, production workshop

山东轻工业学院2011届本科生毕业设计

equipment configuration diagram. Last part considering environmental protection and labor safety, so as to reduce emissions, \wastes\strengthening \wastes\treatment, ensure the safety in production, eliminating and minimize factory production workers to damage. Key words：

Ammonium nitrate； Process design； Process calculation ；Equipment selection