B．tell the negative effects of traffic jams C．tell us what we can do on the road D．tell us how to save time on the road

答案 D [写作目的题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，作者写本文的目的是告诉读者如何做才能减少自己在路上花费的时间。]

18．To get the latest traffic information，you could do the following except________. A．surfing the Internet

B．listening to the radio for traffic news C．listening to the traffic channel D．turning to other drivers for information

答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二、四段的信息可知，前三项均是获取最新交通信息的方式，D项文中并未提及。]

19．Which of the following can be put in the blank in the text? A．Choose a job that has flexible working hours B．Try traveling at different time C．Make friends with your manager D．Work from home

答案 B [段落大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，如果我们能够避开交通高峰，那么我们就可以避免交通堵塞。因此段落标题为：选择不同的时间开车上班或回家。]

阅读理解。

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

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Workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods? A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century. C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time. D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。

2. According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______ A. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system B. were dismissed by the boss

C. were unable to produce goods of high standard

D. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

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答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。

3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?

A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers. B. They stuck to their farm work. C. They refused to use machines.

D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为A。

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