二天早上收到教授的回复(receive responses)。 一位工程专业的学生说：“我觉得无论在课内还是在课外，我都拥有一种交流手段。”

*Bound：有义务的，受约束的；限制，范围

5 很多学生不仅使用智能手机自创语体(create their own dialects)发短信，而且也用智能手机来做更正经的工作，比如练习外语、分析戏剧课的脚本等。 在一所大学的有关美国广播电台历史的课上，学生们用智能手机录下他们自己的广播节目。 教授这门课的教师说：“这提高了学生学习这门课的兴奋感。” 学校也鼓励教授录下(tape)授课内容并发布(post)到网上。 一位一流大学的主管说：“我们意识到，像这样一种能够引起学生关注(get attention)、并促使他们深入思考(encourage sophisticated thinking)的工具 也许大有潜力。”

7 大学在20世纪90年代中期迎来互联网，那时许多大学开始给学生寝室接入高速网络(wire dorms with high-speed connections)。 在过去的几年中，学校率先把校园变成了被无线网络覆盖的世界（bubbles of WiFi networks）。事实上，美国最近的一项研究发现，信息技术的投入占高校预算的5%-8%，比20世纪80年代中期 约2%-3%的投入有所增加。

10 其他大学正努力(are straining to)从同行当中脱颖而出。 大学之间用最现代的网络和最热门的系统来吸引学生的竞争已经达到狂热的地步(reach fever pitch)。 一些商科专业的学生可以领到免费的便携式电脑。 在永久在线模式(a always-connected mode)下，他们可以根据需要随时随地获取信息。 一所大学甚至为新生配备了智能手机，以丰富其大学经历，为他们在一个日新月异的世界（a rapidly changing world）上取得成功作好准备。

Unit 4 我们身边的英雄

1 Who's a hero these days? In an era of heightened heroism, the

both victimsand survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies. Who are the heroes among us?

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1 谁是当今的英雄？ 在一个英雄主义发扬光大的时代，“英雄”一词已经变得更加常见。 我们把各种困难和悲剧的受害者和幸存者都称为“英雄”。 那么，我们身边哪些人是英雄呢？

2 In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described 20-year old political associate Daniel Hernandez as a hero. During the horrible shooting, he courageously ran through the danger to save the life of one of the

victims, his boss and friend, congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords . Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds. He spoke tender words of sympathy, telling her that he would find her husband and her parents and that everything would be fine. And he never left her side, staying beside her in the ambulance all the way to the hospital.

2 在亚利桑那州图森市枪击案发生后的日子里，许多人都把20岁的政界同事丹尼尔?赫尔南德兹描述为英雄。在骇人的枪击案发生时，他勇敢地冒着危险courageously ran through the danger，去救助受害者、也是他的上司和朋友的加布里埃尔?吉福德议员。 丹尼尔把她的头托高，便于她呼吸，用力摁住她的伤口。 他用温柔体贴的话语安慰她，告诉她他会把她的丈夫和父母找来，告诉她一切都会好的。 而且，他一直守护在她身边，在去医院的路上，他也一直在救护车里陪伴在她身旁。

3 Another hero from the mass shooting in Tucson was Dory Stoddard. Dory gave his life for his wife, Mavy. Dory and his wife had been friends since childhood and when Dory heard shots ring out he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets. At the memorial service, the priest said: \hero; he lived a hero.\Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, assisting others.

3 图森枪击事件中的另一位英雄是多利?斯托达德。 多利为保护妻子梅维献出了自己的生命。 多利和他的妻子自小青梅竹马。一听到枪声，多利马上扑在妻子身上fell on top of his wife 为她挡住扫射过来的子弹。 在葬礼仪式memorial service上，牧师priest说道：“多利一生英雄，非死才为英雄。” 多利?斯托达德一直以来 以精神高尚remarkable spirits、富有爱心love of humanity而为大家所熟知，他至死 也同他生前一样 在帮助他人。

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4 These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught up in extraordinary circumstances.

4 这些都是平民英雄civilian heroes。他们在特别危急的情况下，本能地做出勇敢而高尚的举动act insdinctively with courage and grace

5 But what about first responders, whose job is, in the words of the widow of a fallen police officer, to \

5 但是，那些应急救援人员是否也算是英雄呢？用一位已故警官遗孀的话来说，他们的工作就是“迎着危险上”。

others. Sadly, Sgt.Russell was unable to stop the drunk driver and was killed in the effort.

7 It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty. A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero. So are

larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined （监禁；使局限于）in a solitary （单独的；唯一的）chamber（室；大厅，会议室）. He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa's first black president

to establish harmony and helped society reconcile （调解；使和解）its conflicted past.

7 .在过去，“英雄”一词仅限于称呼 那些做出超乎职责范围的 特别英勇的行为的人们。 一位战士冒着枪林弹雨去抢救其他战友，他被看作英雄。 同样，超凡卓越的 具有传奇色彩的 领袖人物也是英雄，比如纳尔逊?曼德拉。被囚禁于单人牢房27年后，曼德拉终于摆脱了牢狱生活。他没有抱怨，作为南非的第一位黑人总统，他努力奋斗，致力于创建和谐国家，促使社会化解以往的矛盾。

8 But today, our heroes are average men and women, \whom we can relate, people like us.

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8 但是今天，我们的英雄是平凡的男男女女，他们是我们看得见、摸得着的“平民英雄”，是和我们一样的普通人。

9 虽然很多人尊重罗素警佐，但有些人在试图理解像罗素警佐这样的悲剧时提出了一个问题：“有些应急救援人员在帮助他人时没能获得成功，而自己却受伤或牺牲了。这些人不是因为他们成功帮助了别人，而是因为他们在帮助别人时所遭遇的不幸才成为英雄的吗？”

0． I asked road safety advocate Eleanor McMahon whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero. Ms. McMahon's late husband, a police officer, was killed by a drunk truck driver in a 2006 off-duty bicycling accident. Through grief and rage, Ms. McMahon founded Share the Road, a cycling association, and worked tirelessly until the government established \ Law\to immediately seize the automobiles of drunk drivers caught on the road.

10 我问道路交通安全倡导者埃莉诺?麦克玛农，她是否认为罗素警官是位英雄。 麦克玛农女士的已故丈夫late husband曾是一名警官，____年的一天，他未当班，却在骑车时因一名醉驾卡车司机肇事而丧生。 在悲伤和愤怒中，麦克玛农女士创立了“道路共享单车联合会”，一个自行车协会。她不懈地努力，直到政府颁布了格雷格法案，授予警察在路上一旦发现醉驾司机就当场予以扣留seize车辆的权力。Give authority to police to

11 Ms. McMahon replied that she thought Sgt. Russell was indeed a hero. \imagine, in the middle of an intense snowstorm this policeman thinks: I've got to stop this snowplow before it hurts others.\

considered many police officers to be heroes: \natural for that fear to cause most people to rush toward safety and away from

danger. Heroes do just the opposite. They rush toward danger to help those in need.\

*intense:程度上强烈的、剧烈的 *intensive：次数上密集的，高强度的

11 麦克玛农女士回答说，她认为罗素警官确实是英雄。“想象一下，在狂风暴雪中，这位警官想道：我必须挡住这辆扫雪车，不让它伤及他人。” 麦克

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