? Order sentences correctly. ? Use words properly.

? Talk with other English speakers confidently. English grammar is of little help: ? Only gives rules that are hard to remember.

? Is not helpful in a real-life setting due to the limited time to think and recall the rules. ? Not always applicable to the real language, especially idioms. 3 ? Use more communicative ways. ? Encourage a lot of interactions.

? Put sentences in meaningful contexts. 4 ? Read more English from online sources.

? Watch English TV / listen to English radio / watch English online videos. ? Talk often with English speakers. ? Listen carefully and extensively.

? Use dictionaries to look up unfamiliar words. ? Use new words as often as possible.

5 ? Read English newspapers, magazines, and books. ? Write English as often as possible. ? Write emails in English.

Language focus

Words in use 3

1 condense 2 exceed 3 deficit 4 exposure 5 asset 6 adequate 7 competent 8 adjusting 9 precisely 10 beneficial

Word building 4

Words learned New words formed -al / -ial

manager managerial editor editorial

substantial substance survive survival traditional tradition marginal margin -cy

consistent consistency accurate accuracy efficiency efficient -y

recover recovery

minister ministry assemble assembly 5

1 editorial 2 recovery 3 accuracy 4 substance 5 managerial 6 margin 7 assembly 8 Ministry 9 survival 10 tradition 11 consistency 12 efficient Banked cloze 6

1 L 2 C 3 J 4 A 5 I 6 O 7 N 8 E 9 H 10 F

Expressions in use 7

1 feel obliged to 2 be serious about 3 run into 4 distinguish between 5 thrust upon 6 was allergic to 7 get lost 8 be attracted to 9 make sense 10 looked upon as Structure analysis and writing

Structured writing 8

Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book, but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I don’t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to “impose” the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head. I don’t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams. I was really confused with these two phrases, and I can never get them right. In brief, I’m allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse! Translation 9

人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

10

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.