´óѧÉúÊýѧ¾ºÈü£¨ÊýѧÀࣩÈüǰǿ»¯ÑµÁ·Ì⼯£¨¸ß´úÓë½â¼¸£© ÏÂÔØ±¾ÎÄ

?0??02.(ÖпÆÔº2005).(1)Çó¾ØÕóA??0??0?100011001??1?AeµÄJordan±ê×¼ÐÎ,²¢¼ÆËã (×¢£º°´Í¨³£¶¨Òå?1?0??4.5?1??4??1213A2005B??3?3.51e?I?A?A?A??);(2)Éè??£¬ ÇóB (¾«È·µ½Ð¡Êýµãºó4λ).

2!3!??2?31.5???3.(ÖпÆÔº2011).ÉèAÊÇn½×ʵ·½Õó,ÆäÌØÕ÷¶àÏîʽÓÐÈçÏ·ֽ⣺p(?)?det(?E?A)??(???k?1sk)rk,

ÆäÖÐEΪn½×µ¥Î»·½Õó,Öî?kÁ½Á½²»ÏàµÈ.ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷AµÄJordan±ê×¼ÐÎÖÐÒÔ?kÎªÌØÕ÷ÖµµÄJordan¿éµÄ¸öÊýµÈÓÚÌØÕ÷×Ó¿Õ¼äV?kµÄάÊý.

4.(Öпƴó1999).ÉèFn[x]ÊÇÊýÓòFÉÏ´ÎÊý?nµÄÈ«Ìå¶àÏîʽ¹¹³ÉµÄÏßÐÔ¿Õ¼ä. Fn[x]ÉÏÏßÐԱ任

D½«Ã¿¸ö¶àÏîʽf(x)Ó³µ½Æäµ¼º¯Êýf'(x).(1)ÇóDµÄÌØÕ÷¶àÏîʽºÍ×îС¶àÏîʽ.(2)ÕÒ³öFn[x]µÄ

Ò»×é»ù,ʹDÔÚÕâ×é»ùϵľØÕóÊÇJordan±ê×¼ÐÎ.(3)ÉèIÊÇFn[x]Éϵĵ¥Î»±ä»»,

DkA?I??.ÇóÖ¤AÊÇFn[x]ÉϵĿÉÄæ±ä»»,²¢Çó³öAµÄÄæ.

k?1k!n?15.(Öпƴó2008).Ìî¿Õ£º(1)ÒÑÖªËĽ×?·½ÕóA(?)µÄÖÈΪ4,³õµÈÒò×Ó×éΪ

?,?2,?3,(??1)2,(??1)3,??1,

ÔòA(?)µÄ²»±äÒò×ÓÊÇ ,ÐÐÁÐʽÒò×ÓÊÇ .

?00?2??????0?,ÇóËüµÄSmith±ê×¼ÐÎ . (2) A(?)??0??2??0?0???1??0(3) A??0??0?0?0100??1010?0101?µÄJordan±ê×¼ÐÎÊÇ . ?0010?0001?? 43

???1??2?1???226.(Öпƴó2010).Ìî¿Õ: ??¾ØÕó?3??1??2?3??1?µÄSmith±ê×¼ÐÎÊÇ .

???1?22???1???2?11????17.(Öпƴó2010).ÉèA??22?1?,Çó·½ÕóP,ʹµÃPAPΪAµÄJordan±ê×¼ÐÎ.

?12?1????01030???28.(2010Ê¡ÇøÈü).ÉèB??002010?.Ö¤Ã÷X?BÎÞ½â,ÕâÀïXΪÈý½×δ֪¸´·½Õó.

?000???

6.3 ×îС¶àÏîʽ

?110???1.(±±´ó1999).ÉèʵÊýÓòÉϵľØÕóAΪ£ºA???101?. (1)ÇóAµÄÌØÕ÷¶àÏîʽfA(?);(2)

??300???fA(?)ÊÇ·ñΪʵÊýÓòÉϵIJ»¿ÉÔ¼¶àÏîʽ;(3)ÇóAµÄ×îС¶àÏîʽ,ÒªÇóд³öÀíÓÉ;(4)ʵÊýÓòÉϵľØÕó

AÊÇ·ñ¿É¶Ô½Ç»¯,ÒªÇóд³öÀíÓÉ.

2.(±±´ó2006).(1)ÉèAÊÇʵÊýÓòRÉϵÄn½×¶Ô³Æ¾ØÕó,ËüµÄÌØÕ÷¶àÏîʽf(?)µÄËùÓв»Í¬¸´¸ùΪʵÊý: ?1,?2,?,?n. °ÑAµÄ×îС¶àÏîʽm(?)·Ö½â³ÉÉϲ»¿ÉÔ¼¶àÏîʽµÄ³Ë»ý,˵Ã÷ÀíÓÉ;(2) ÉèAÊÇʵÊýÓòRÉϵÄn½×¶Ô³Æ¾ØÕó,ÁîA(?)?A?,???R. ¸ù¾ÝµÚ(1)ÎÊÖÐm(?)µÄÒòʽ·Ö½â,°Ñ·Ö½â

nRn³ÉÏßÐԱ任AµÄ²»±ä×Ó¿Õ¼äµÄÖ±ºÍ, ˵Ã÷ÀíÓÉ.

3.(Öпƴó1998).Ö¤Ã÷:¸´·½ÕóAµÄ×îС¶àÏîʽÓëÌØÕ÷¶àÏîʽÏàµÈµÄ³äÒªÌõ¼þÊÇ:AµÄÌØÕ÷×Ó¿Õ¼ä

¶¼ÊÇһάµÄ.

Æß¡¢¶àÏîʽ»·

7.1 Ò»Ôª¶àÏîʽµÄÕû³ýÀíÂÛ

1.(±±´ó2000).Éèf(x)ºÍp(x)¶¼ÊÇÊ×ÏîϵÊýΪµÄÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽ,ÇÒp(x)ÔÚÓÐÀíÊýÓòQÉϲ»¿ÉÔ¼.Èç¹ûp(x)Óëf(x)Óй«¹²¸´¸ù?,Ö¤Ã÷(1)ÔÚQ[x]ÖÐ,p(x)Õû³ýf(x);(2)´æÔÚÊ×ÏîϵÊýΪ1µÄÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽg(x),ʹµÃf(x)?p(x)g(x). 2.(±±´ó2002).¶ÔÓÚÈÎÒâ·Ç¸ºÕûÊýn,Áîfn(x)?xn?2?(x?1)2n?1, Ö¤Ã÷: x2?x?1,fn(x)?1.

?? 44

3.(ÖпÆÔº2007).Éè¶àÏîʽf(x),g(x),h(x)Ö»ÓзÇÁã³£Êý¹«Òò×Ó,Ö¤Ã÷:´æÔÚ¶àÏîʽ

u(x),v(x),w(x),ʹµÃu(x)f(x)?v(x)g(x)?w(x)h(x)?1.

4.(ÖпÆÔº2007).Éèm,n,p¶¼ÊǷǸºÕûÊý,Ö¤Ã÷£ºx2?x?1|x3m?x3n?1?x3p?2.

5.(ÖпÆÔº2005).ÊÔÇó7´Î¶àÏîʽf(x),ʹf(x)?1Äܱ»(x?1)4Õû³ý,¶øf(x)?1Äܱ»(x?1)4Õû³ý.

7.2 ¸ùÓë¿ÉÔ¼ÐÔ

1.(±±´ó1997).Éèf(x)ÊÇÓÐÀíÊýÓòQÉϵÄÒ»¸öm´Î¶àÏîʽ(m?0),nÊÇ´óÓÚmµÄÕýÕûÊý,Ö¤Ã÷

n2²»ÊÇf(x)µÄʵ¸ù.

2.(±±´ó2000).Éèf(x)ºÍp(x)¶¼ÊÇÊ×ÏîϵÊýΪµÄÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽ,ÇÒp(x)ÔÚÓÐÀíÊýÓòQÉϲ»¿ÉÔ¼.Èç¹ûp(x)Óëf(x)Óй«¹²¸´¸ù?,Ö¤Ã÷(1)ÔÚQ[x]ÖÐ,p(x)Õû³ýf(x);(2)´æÔÚÊ×ÏîϵÊýΪ1µÄÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽg(x),ʹµÃf(x)?p(x)g(x)..

3.(±±´ó2008).f(x)ΪһÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽ,n²»ÄÜÕû³ýf(0),f(1),?,f(n?1),Ö¤Ã÷f(x)ÎÞÕûÊý¸ù.

4.(±±´ó2010).ÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽf(x)??ak?0nkxk(n?2010),Èô´æÔÚËØÊýpÂú×ã:

i) an²»±»pÕû³ý, ¢¢) p|ak,k?0,1,2,?,2008; ¢£) p2|a0.

Ö¤Ã÷f(x)±ØÓдÎÊý²»µÍÓÚ2009µÄ²»¿ÉÔ¼ÕûϵÊýÒòʽ.

npk5.(ÖпÆÔº2011).ÉèÊǼÈÔ¼·ÖÊý, f(x)??akxÊÇÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽ,¶øÇÒ

qk?0?p?(1) p|a0,f??q???0.Ö¤Ã÷£º

??¶øq|an;(2)¶ÔÈÎÒâÕûÊým,ÓÐ(p?mq)|f(m).

7.3 ʵϵÊý¶àÏîʽʵ¸ùµÄ·Ö²¼ 7.4 ¶àÔª¶àÏîʽ

°Ë¡¢½âÎö¼¸ºÎ

8.1 ÏòÁ¿Óë×ø±ê

1.(±±´ó2001). ÔÚ¿Õ¼äÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵÖÐ,µãA,B,CµÄ×ø±êÒÀ´ÎΪ£º(?2,1,4),(?2,?3,?4),(?1,3,3) (1)ÇóËÄ

45

ÃæÌåOABCµÄÌå»ý;(2)ÇóÈý½ÇÐÎABCµÄÃæ»ý.

2.(±±´ó2006).Ö¤Ã÷ËÄÃæÌåµÄÿ¸ö¶¥µãµ½¶ÔÃæÖØÐĵÄÁ¬Ïß¶¼ÏཻÓÚÒ»µã,¶øÇҸõã·ÖÏ߶αÈΪ3:1.

x2y2z2???1±»µã(2,?1,1)ƽ·ÖµÄÏÒ. 3.(±±´ó2007).ÇóÍÖÇòÃæ

251694.(Öпƴó1998,2008). ÇóÒÔA(1,2,2),B(2,4,1),C(1,?3,5),D(4,?2,3)Ϊ¶¥µãµÄËÄÃæÌåµÄÌå»ý. 5.(Öпƴó1999).ÉèÆ½Ãæ?:Ax?By?Cz?D?0ÓëÁ¬½ÓÁ½µãM1(x1,y1,z1)ºÍM2(x2,y2,z2)µÄÏß¶ÎÏཻÓÚµãM,ÇÒM1M?kMM2.Ö¤Ã÷ k?Ax1?By1?Cz1?D.

Ax2?By2?Cz2?D?????????????6.(2009¾öÈü).Ìî¿Õ: Éè?a?b??c?6,Ôò?a?b??(b?c)?(a?c)? .

????

8.2 ¹ì¼£Óë·½³Ì

1.(±±´ó1997).¹ýxÖáºÍyÖá·Ö±ð×ö¶¯Æ½Ãæ,½»½Ç?Êdz£Êý,Çó½»Ï߹켣µÄ·½³Ì,²¢ÇÒÖ¤Ã÷ËüÊÇÒ»¸ö×¶Ãæ.

2.(±±´ó1998). ÔÚÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵÖÐ,ÇòÃæµÄ·½³ÌΪ£º(x?1)2?y2?(z?1)2?4.ÇóËùÓÐÓëÏòÁ¿

u(1,1,1)ƽÐеÄÇòÃæµÄÇÐÏßËù¹¹³ÉµÄÇúÃæµÄ·½³Ì.

3.(±±´ó2001). ÔÚ¿Õ¼äÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵÖÐ, l1:x?ayzxy?1z??Óël2:??,ÊÇÒ»¶ÔÏֱཻ1?2321?2Ïß(1)Çóa;(2)Çól2ÈÆl1Ðýת³öµÄÇúÃæµÄ·½³Ì.

?z?3x?2,4.(±±´ó2002). ÔÚ¿Õ¼äÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵÖÐ,ÇóÖ±Ïß? ÈÆzÖáÐýתËùµÃÐýתÇúÃæµÄ·½³Ì.

z?2y?1?5.(±±´ó2010). ÇóÖ±Ïß??x?y?z?1, ÈÆzÖáÐýתËùµÃÐýתÇúÃæµÄ·½³Ì,²¢Ö¸³öÕâÊÇʲôÇúÃæ.

?x?y?z?1?2x?y?z?06. (±±´ó2005).ÔÚÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵÖУ¬ÇóÖ±Ïßl:?µ½Æ½Ãæ?:3x?By?z?0µÄÕý½»Í¶

x?y?2z?1?Ó°¹ì¼£µÄ·½³Ì¡£ÆäÖÐBÊdz£Êý.

7.(±±´ó2006).Ò»ÌõÖ±ÏßÓë×ø±êÆ½ÃæyOzÃæ¡¢zOxÃæ¡¢xOyÃæµÄ½»µã·Ö±ðÊÇA,B,C.µ±Ö±Ï߱䶯ʱ,Ö±ÏßÉϵÄÈý¸ö¶¨µãA,B,CÒ²·Ö±ðÔÚ×ø±êÆ½ÃæÉϱ䶯.´ËÍâ,Ö±ÏßÉÏÓеÚËĵãP,µãPµ½ÈýµãµÄ¾àÀë·Ö±ðÊÇa,b,c.Çó¸ÃÖ±Ïß°´ÕÕ±£³ÖµãA,B,C·Ö±ðÔÚ×ø±êÆ½ÃæÉϵĹæÔòÒÆ¶¯Ê±,µãPµÄ¹ì¼£.

?8.(±±´ó2006). PÊÇÇòÄÚÒ»¶¨µã, A,B,CÊÇÇòÃæÉÏÈý¶¯µã, ?APB??BPC??CPA?2,ÒÔ

46