41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.

英语语言学试题（5）

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)

1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a ( ) study.

A. comparative B. diachronic C. up-to-date D. descriptive

2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the developed, is ( ) phonetics.

A. auditory B. acoustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three

3. What the element ?-es‘ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ?-ed‘ past tense, and ?-ing‘ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit

most highly

of language and meaningful, they are also ( ). A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones

4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ( ) theory.

A. speech act B. TG

C. principles-and-parameters D. minimalist programme

5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ( ).

A. predication analysis B. stylistic analysis

C. componential analysis D. proposition analysis

6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the ( ) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker‘s intention.

A. locutionary act B. illocutionary

act

C. perlocutionary act D. constative act

7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar ( ).

A. Sir William Jones B. John Firth

C. M. A. K. Halliday D. F. D. Saussure

8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ( ).

A. discourse role-switching B. activity role-switching

C. social role-switching D. code-switching

9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners‘( ).

A. second language B. first language

C. foreign language D. interlanguage

10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around ( ).

A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800 二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)

11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s________ study.

12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i________.

13. According to its position in the new word, a________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.

14. P________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.

15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions.