新世纪大学英语第三册快速阅读 课文翻译

UNIT one

1.How Is New Year's Day Celebrated Around the World?

Celebrating New Year's Day is one of the oldest and most exciting customs around the world. Ringing church bells, blowing horns and ear-piercing shrieks echo throughout the world on this festive day.

Whether visiting relatives or watching New Year's Day parades at home on the TV, welcoming the New Year is always a

time of entertainment, celebration and resolution.

Since this festival marks the beginning of the year, New Year's Day is thought of as a perfect time for a \

New Year's resolutions. People worldwide resolve to act better in the year just beginning than in the year just ended.

No day has ever been observed on so many different dates or in so many different ways. All over the world, countries

have their own special beliefs about what the New Year means to them.

While many people in the United States observe New Year's Day on January 1st by throwing parties late into the night on

the eve of December 31st, people in China celebrate this holiday for several days between January 17th and February 19th,

at the time of the new moon. Lanterns illuminate the streets as the Chinese use thousands of lanterns to \

New Year. The Chinese believe that evil spirits roam the earth at the New Year, so they let off firecrackers to scare off the

spirits and seal their windows and doors with paper to keep the evil demons out.

In Scotland, the New Year is called Hogmanay. In the villages of Scotland, barrels of tar are set afire and then rolled down

the streets. This ritual symbolizes that the old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.

New Year's Day is also the Festival of Saint Basil in Greece. Children leave their shoes by the fireside on New Year's

Day with the hope that Saint Basil, who was famous for his kindness, will come and fill their shoes with gifts.

The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah. It is a holy time when Jews recall the things they have done wrong in the

past, and then promise to do better in the future. Special services are held in the synagogues, children are given new clothes

and New Year loaves are baked to remind people of harvest time.

Iran's New Year's Day, which is in March, celebrates not only the beginning of the new year according to the solar

calendar, but also bahar, \

On New Year's Day in Japan, everyone gets dressed in their new clothes and homes are decorated with pine branches

and bamboo — symbols of long life.

In European countries such as Italy, Portugal and the Netherlands, families start the New Year by first attending church

services. Afterwards, they visit friends and relatives. In Italy, boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.

1.世界各地如何庆祝元旦？

庆祝元旦是全世界历史最悠久，最令人兴奋的习俗之一。

振铃教堂的钟声，吹角和刺耳的尖叫声回响在世界各地在这喜庆的日子。 无论是探亲或者看元旦游行在家里的电视上，迎接新年总是 娱乐，庆祝活动和解决问题的时间。

由于这个节日标志着一年的开始，元旦被认为是一个完美的时间为“干净启动”或

新年的决议。全世界的人们下定决心，采取行动在今年更好刚开始比在刚刚结束的一年。 没有一天曾经被观察到这么多不同的日期，或在这么多不同的方式。在世界各地，各国 有自己的什么新年意味着给他们特殊的信仰。

虽然很多人在美国已故扔当事人到深夜的1月1日观察元旦

12月31日前夕，中国人庆祝这个节日为1月17日和2月19日之间的天数， 在新月的时候。灯笼照亮街道作为中国人用灯笼十万到“点燃方式”为 新年。中国人相信，邪灵漫游地球在新的一年，所以他们放鞭炮吓跑了 烈酒和密封的门窗纸，以保持恶魔出来。

在苏格兰，新年被称为除夕夜。在苏格兰的村庄，焦油桶被放火，然后滚落 街头。这个仪式象征着旧的一年燃烧起来，新一被允许进入。 元旦也是圣巴西尔在希腊的节日。孩子们把鞋子脱了新年的炉边

一天，希望圣徒罗勒，谁是著名的为他的好意，会来填补他们的鞋子相赠。 犹太新年被称为犹太新年。这是一个神圣的时候，犹太人回忆起他们在做错事 过去，然后答应做更好的未来。特殊服务在会堂里举行，孩子们得到的新衣服 新年面包是烤提醒收获时间的人。

伊朗的元旦，这是在三月份，庆祝不仅是新的一年的开始根据太阳 日历，也巴哈尔，“立春”。

在元旦在日本，每个人都被穿上了新衣服和家庭装饰用松枝 和竹 - 长寿的象征。

在欧洲国家，如意大利，葡萄牙和荷兰，家庭开始新的一年，首先参加教会 服务。随后，他们参观的朋友和亲戚。在意大利，男孩和女孩收到钱元旦礼物。

2.Japanese Social Etiquette

There are many customs and social etiquette to appreciate in Japan. Here is some general advice which might be helpful when you first arrive.

Never address individuals by their given name. The word \proper respect. Dress

is relatively formal and the word \the Japanese do not like

casual body contact. Shoes are never worn inside the home. They are removed at the entrance,

which is often a small room

called a genkan, inside the front door. Slippers may be worn in the house although they are never worn on a tatami, the straw

mats traditionally used in sleeping and dining areas. Inside the home or office slippers are often changed when entering a

restroom to \coffee table.

The most senior person or the guest of honor sits furthest from the door. The seniority may be social status, so always

just observe and wait to be told where to be seated. It is polite to pour drinks such as beer, sake or tea for others, not for

yourself. Avoid groups of four in gifts or fruit, as the Japanese character for \with death. Greetings in

Japan take the form of a long, low bow. Bowing is complex in Japan, and the angle of the bow is determined by the

relationship with the other person, to company rank, age and circumstances. Foreigners are not expected to understand all

the subtleties（微妙）of this custom. When meeting a person for the first time, you should bow slightly and say

hajimemashite (pleased to meet you), and if a business situation, proceed to exchange business cards, or meishi. Using both

hands, give the card with either the English or Japanese right side up to the recipient.

In Japan tipping is not expected anywhere. In fact, the rule is \Japan is a ritual. Gifts are

given to express gratitude for past or continuing favors, to show respect for a superior or in return for gifts previously

received. Always take a gift when attending someone's home for dinner or tea. That gift could be a bottle of wine, sweets, fruit

or flowers. In Japan, one is not expected to open the gift immediately in front of the giver. If you are the recipient, do not open it unless you are asked to do so.

Money is the traditional gift at weddings and funerals. However, be careful; only numbers of three, five or ten are

acceptable, as the numbers two, four and nine are unlucky.

Don't be embarrassed about making mistakes. Just learn to say sumimasen (please excuse me) or gomennasai (I'm

sorry) which will often cover most erroneous behavior. The Japanese are very gracious about forgiving well-intended mistakes.

2.日本社交礼仪

有许多习俗和社交礼仪在日本欣赏。下面是其中一些可能会有所帮助的一般建议 当你第一次到达。

从来没有人解决他们的名字。单词“散”被添加到姓氏以示应有的尊重。服装 相对正规的“不”字是从来没有公开审理。眼神接触是要避免和日本人不喜欢

偶然的身体接触。鞋是永不磨损的家里面。他们在门口，这往往是一个小房间中删除 叫做玄关，前门内侧。拖鞋可以在家里穿，虽然他们从来没有穿过的榻榻米，稻草 垫采用传统的睡眠区和用餐区。在家里或办公室的拖鞋，经常会进入一个当 厕所为“厕所的拖鞋。”一般的脚不停地淡出人们的视线。不要把它们放在书桌或茶几。 最高级的人或主宾坐在最远的门。资历可能是社会地位，所以总是

只是观察和等待被告知那里就座。这是礼貌倒饮料，如啤酒，清酒或茶的人，不适合 你自己。避免四个礼物或水果组，如日文字符为“四”与死亡有关。在问候 日本需要很长的，低低头的形式。弯曲是在日本复杂，并且弓的角由所确定的 与其他人的关系，为公司的等级，年龄和情况。外国人预计不会理解所有 微妙之处（微妙）这种风俗。当第一次见面的人，你应该稍微鞠躬，并说 hajimemashite（高兴见到你），如果一个企业的情况下，继续交换名片，或美视。同时使用 手，给该卡用英文或日文右侧到收件人。

在日本，小费不是任何地方的预期。事实上，规则是“没有小费。”不过，送礼在日本是一个仪式。礼物是

给予表达感谢过去或持续青睐，以表示对上级或换取礼品以前

好评。参加别人家吃饭或喝茶时，务必带一个礼物。这份礼物可能是一瓶酒，糖果，水果 或鲜花。在日本，一个是没有预料到送礼者的面前马上打开礼物。如果您是收件人，不开 它，除非你被要求这样做。

钱是传统的礼物，在婚礼和葬礼。但是，要小心;三，五年或十年唯一数字 可以接受的，因为数字二，四，九倒霉。

不要不好意思犯错。刚刚学会说sumimasen（请原谅我）或gomennasai（我 对不起），这往往会覆盖最错误的行为。日本人非常亲切约宽容用心良苦 错误。

3.Thailand Social Customs: Public Behavior Do's and Don'ts

When meeting a man for the first time, a handshake is an appropriate greeting. When meeting a woman for the first time,

it is recommended that you smile instead of shaking her hand. The best policy is to allow a Thai woman to initiate a handshake.

Upon meeting and departure, you can use the traditional Thai greeting, or wai, by pressing your hands together as though

in prayer, keeping arms and elbows close to your body, bowing your head to touch your fingers, and saying \

For business travelers, rather than initiating a \it may be better to only respond to one. Sometimes, it can be difficult

for visitors to discern the appropriate times to \ For instance, never \

someone who is providing a service for you, such as a waiter or porter.

It is acceptable for a male to touch a monk, or hand things to a monk, but a woman is not permitted to do so. Women

should never hand a monk an object directly. The object should be given to a male to hand to the monk.

Smiling or nodding is a sufficient greeting for people you see on a daily basis. Verbal greetings such as \