3非谓语动词 下载本文

戴氏英语 仁寿总校 Susan 孙雪梅 15202871806

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动名词:

动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。 一般式(谓语动词同时发生) 完成式(谓语动词发生之前) doing having done being done having been done 动名词的形式:V-ing 否定式:not + 动名词 1.一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 2.被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 3.完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 4.完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 5.否定式:not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 6.复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

亲爱的学子:I have a dream! 地址:仁寿怡和春熙路步行街街口

戴氏英语 仁寿总校 Susan 孙雪梅 15202871806

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 2.作表语:

In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。 3.作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激),be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help(情不自禁地),think of,dream of,be fond

亲爱的学子:I have a dream! 地址:仁寿怡和春熙路步行街街口

戴氏英语 仁寿总校 Susan 孙雪梅 15202871806

of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from),protect…from,set about,be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like

4.作定语:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗? 5.作同位语:

The cave,his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 现在分词:

现在分词:

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式: 否定式:not + 现在分词

1.现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成

式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如: They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。 2.现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动

词之前的被动的动作。

亲爱的学子:I have a dream! 地址:仁寿怡和春熙路步行街街口

戴氏英语 仁寿总校 Susan 孙雪梅 15202871806

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 现在分词的句法功能:

1.作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语

放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that

followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的

动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 3.作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

亲爱的学子:I have a dream! 地址:仁寿怡和春熙路步行街街口