《科技英语翻译》答案
第一章 概论
1.1 翻译的标准 第1节 翻译练习1
1. The power plant is the heart of a ship.
1. 2. The power unit for driving the machines is a
2. 50-hp induction motor. 第1节 翻译练习2
1. Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are
1. replacing tubes in many applications.
2. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs
2. cannot move around freely.
3. All bodies are known to possess weight and
3. occupy space. 第1节 翻译练习3
1. The removal of minerals from water is called
1. softening.
2. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the
2. dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.
1.4 翻译的一般方法 第4节 翻译练习1
1. Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which
1. can explain such phenomena.
2. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of
2. metals, silicates, and water.
3. The designer must have access to stock lists of the
3. materials he employs.
4. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on
4. regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
第4节 翻译练习2
1. The most important of the factors affecting plant
1. growth is that it requires the supply of water.
2. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 2. 3. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused
3. by dust in the air near the horizon.
4. These fragments of rock and iron range from
4. thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
1
动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感
应电动机。半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电
子管。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：
叶片和叶柄。 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理
论。（直译）
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐
和水构成。（意译）
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理
就必须定期进行。（意译） 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合
译）
医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平
线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译）
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有
1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）
5. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit
production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 第4节 翻译练习3
1. Cartography is the science of making maps.
2. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures
of different isotopes.
3. The two units used most frequently in electricity
are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
4. That like charges repel but opposite charges
attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.
第4节 翻译练习4
1. Almost any insulated body processes to some
extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.
2. The angular contact bearing provides a greater
thrust capacity.
3. The properties of the weld can be altered by
varying the grain orientation.
5. 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者
指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）
1. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 2. 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同
的同位素的混合物。（增译）
3. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者
是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译）
4. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基
本规律。（省译）
1. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
2. 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
3. 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
第二章 词的翻译
2.1 词义的选择 第1节 翻译练习1
1. The spindle rotates simultaneously round two
axes at right angles to each other.
2. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly
flattened at the poles.
3. In each round of operation the particle picks up
energy from the oscillating electric field.
4. An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with
negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.
5. Her waist measures forty inches round. 第1节 翻译练习2
1. Rate of penetration was found to be proportional
to the net pressure applied by the tool.
2. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and
convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. 3. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely
2
1. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 2. 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。
（名词）
3. 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容
词）
4. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小
的粒子。（动词）
5. 她腰围40英寸。（副词） multiply its length by its width.
1. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
2. 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得
定量数据。
3. 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度
乘以宽度。
4. Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
5. New fibers find expanding applications in
engineering and industry.
6. Kangaroos are found in Australia.
7. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of
rivers.
8. Microcomputers have found their application in
the production of genius sensors. 2.2词义的引申 第2节 翻译练习1
1. The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation
of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
2. Traditionally, NC programming has been
performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
3. The occurrence of large mats of floating algae
may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.
4. The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus
is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.
5. The major contributors in component technology
have been in the semiconductor.
6. The distance between the two plates is small
compared with their linear dimensions.
7. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density,
so do gases and vapors.
8. The Curies believed that there was something in
nature that gave out radiation.
9. Obviously, there is much room for the
improvement in the structure.
10. At present coal is the most common food of a
steam plant.
11. The facts have been set down in black and white. 2.3 词类的转换 第3节 翻译练习1
1. Each time a sample was drawn for color
determination.
2. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a
devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.
3
9. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 4. 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
5. 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广
泛的应用。
6. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
7. 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
8. 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
9. 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
1. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动
的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）
2. 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载
于穿孔带上。（技术性引申）
3. 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧
而死亡。（修辞引申）
4. 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量
释放处理。（修辞性引申）
5. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（抽象
化引申）
6. 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较
小。（具体化引申）
7. 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同
的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。
8. 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐
射能。（具体化引申）
9. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引
申） 10. 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 11. 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化
引申）
3. We should get familiar with different systems of
units.
1. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。
2. 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态
是个惨重的打击。
3. 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。
4. These decision-making processes are applicable
to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design.
5. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for
cooling large turbogenerators.
6. When the war was over, it was discovered that the
Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.
7. Various precautions have been taken against
leakage.
8. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a
temperature of 365°F.
9. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of
the function, or performance, to the cost.
10. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 11. Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is
there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.
12. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its
features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.
14. Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized
overheating.
15. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how
thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.
16. This is why a coil is often referred to as an
inductor.
第3节 翻译练习2
1. Practically all of the useful properties of
materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.
2. The metal casts well.
3. A wire for conducting electric current is covered
with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire.
4. There are many ways of determining the
distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. 5. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being
damaged.
6. Safety in a power plant is of great importance.
4
13. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life
than volcanic eruptions.
4. 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，
而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。
5. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
6. 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研
制核武器方面离成功还很远。
7. 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
8. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温
度条件下。
9. 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。
10. 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 11. 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以
非凡的技能来做实验的。
12. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星
或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。
13. 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 14. 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。
15. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气
或空气混合的均匀程度。
16. 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
7. Most modern transmitters employ solid state
circuits.
1. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有
密切的关系。
2. 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
3. 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周
围的绝缘材料。
4. 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。
5. 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。