分析运输型物流企业的运输系统设计优化

山西大学 张婷

摘要: 随着科学技术的发展进步以及社会生产力的迅速发展,还有顾客消费水平

的逐渐上升,企业之间的竞争开始越来越激烈,目前复杂的社会环境的快速变化,使得不确定性的需求加强,需求也变得多样化。面对这些快速变化而且没法预测的买方市场,企业为了提高竞争力,开始逐渐将目光从生产过程转向了流通领域。于是物流管理逐渐成为自降低物资消耗、提高劳动生产率之后的“第三利润源泉”。

运输系统中一个直接与消费者关联的环节就是配送，它代表的是物品从物流节点到收货人的过程。配送的核心部分是车辆配送、货物的配装还有送货的过程。配送系统的优化,主要是关于配送车辆调度的优化。对配送车辆调度进行各种方式最终达到优化,可以很好的提高物流的经济效益并且实现物流的科学化和技术化。

本文对运输配送业务做了详细的介绍,并且针对配送的车辆调度优化问题，进行了进一步的研究。本文首先分析了物流配送的车辆调度问题,将该问题按给定条件进行了分类:然后建立该问题的数学模型,并运用一种运算速度快、精确度高的遗传算法对其进行求解。接着,本文介绍了将多源点物流配送问题转化为单源点物流配送问题的方法。最后本文通过一个算例说明了该方法的应用过程。

关键词:物流配送,车辆调度,遗传算法

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Abstract With the progress of science and technology, the rapid development of

productive forces, as well as increasing levels of consumer spending , competition among enterprises become more intense , with political, economic, social environment tremendous changes , making uncertain demand greatly enhanced demand increasingly diverse . Facing a rapidly changing and unpredictable buyer's market , in order to improve the competitiveness of enterprises gradually shift from the production process , the eyes circulation . So , after strengthening logistics management becomes lower material consumption , improve labor productivity , \third profit source .\

Distribution is an important part of the logistics system is connected directly to the consumer , is the process of delivery of goods from the consignee logistics nodes . Core part of the delivery vehicle for the delivery of intensive , cargo loading and delivery process. For distribution system optimization, mainly distribution optimization vehicle scheduling. For Distribution Vehicle Scheduling optimization can improve the economic efficiency of logistics and achieve logistics scientific.

Based on the logistics and distribution business to make a detailed presentation on the core issue for the delivery - Vehicle Scheduling issues in-depth research . This paper analyzes the logistics distribution vehicle scheduling priority issue, the problem according to the given conditions were classified : Then select a class has the typical characteristics of the logistics distribution vehicle scheduling problems for analysis , a mathematical model of the problem and An operation using high speed , high accuracy of the genetic algorithm to solve it. Then , this paper introduces the problem of multi- source distribution into a single source logistics problems. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the application process of this method.

Keywords: logistics, vehicle scheduling , genetic algorithm

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目录

第1章 绪论 .................................................................. 5

1.1课题研究的背景及意义 ................................................. 7 1.2国内外研究现状 ....................................................... 7

1.2.1国外物流发展现状 ............................................... 7 1.2.2国内物流发展现状 ............................................... 9 1.3 主要研究内容 ........................................................ 11 第2章 物流配送车辆调度问题概述 ............................................. 11

2.1物流配送概述 ........................................................ 11

2.1.1物流配送的概念 ................................................ 11 2.1.2物流配送的类型 ................................................ 12 2.1.3物流配送的作用 ................................................ 13 2.2物流配送合理化分析 .................................................. 14

2.2.1物流配送业务流程 .............................................. 14 2.2.2不合理配送的表现形式 .......................................... 14 2.2.3配送合理化的表现形式 .......................................... 15 2.2.4配送合理化措施 ................................................ 17 2.2车辆调度问题概述 .................................................... 17

2.2.1车辆调度问题的构成要素 ........................................ 19 2.2.2车辆调度问题的分类 ............................................ 20 2.3本章小结 ............................................................ 22 第3章 遗传算法理论与基本问题 ............................................... 22

3.1 遗传算法理论 ........................................................ 22

3.1.1遗传算法的基本概念 ............................................ 22 3.1.2遗传算法的原理 ................................................ 23 3.1.3遗传算法的步骤和意义 .......................................... 23 3.1.4遗传算法的特点 ................................................ 24 3.2 基本问题 ............................................................ 25

3.2.1图的基本概念 .................................................. 25 3.2.2最短路问题 .................................................... 25 3.2.3 旅行商问题 .................................................... 25

第4章 物流配送车辆优化调度模型及求解算法 ................................... 22

4.1物流配送车辆优化调度问题的提出 ...................................... 26 4.2物流配送车辆优化调度问题的分类. ..................................... 26

4.2.1满载和非满载车辆的优化调度问题 ................................ 26 4.2.2集货或送货和集送一体化的车辆优化调度问题 ...................... 27 4.2.3有时间窗和没时间窗的车辆优化调度问题 .......................... 27 4.2.4单源点和多源点的车辆优化调度问题 .............................. 27 4.3单源点物流配送问题 .................................................. 27

4.3.1单源点物流配送车辆优化调度问题的描述 .......................... 27 4.3.2 单源点物流配送车辆优化调度遗传算法 ............................ 28 4.4多源点物流配送问题 .................................................. 29

4.4.1多源点物流配送问题的描述 ...................................... 29

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第5章 结论 ................................................................. 35

5.1总结 ................................................................ 35 5.2 进一步研究方向 ...................................................... 36 参考文献.................................................................... 37 致 谢 ...................................................................... 39

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