“高级职业英语”课程终结考试笔试复习题暨考试宝典
一、 课文框架纵览
蓝色字体部分为准备口语考试时需要具体复习的单元。紫色字体部分为听力部分需要关注的单元。
单元 主题 内容简介 1 2 3 Job （工作） Teaching （教学） 学习如何描述工作职责和职业规划，怎样表达工作感受，并介绍撰写简历的基本要求。 4 5 6 7 8 学习如何描述工作单位的物理特征和学校机构的组成，如何向他人推荐教材和课程。 学习如何描述食物的营养成分、价值，如何Food 表达对食物的好恶，并学会介绍某食品加工（食物） 步骤。 学习作为证人应如何向警方描述犯罪嫌疑人Crime 和犯罪行为，向他人阐述司法流程，提安全（犯罪） 忠告。 学习不同领域的专职医生的英语称谓，如何描述医院和医疗体系（描述自己最近的一次Healthcare （医疗） 去医院的经历），描述国内医疗保险的细节，描述并说明饮酒的利弊。 学习如何阅读公司年度报告，如何介绍销售The Business World 情况，怎样绘制图表以及用言语描述图表信（商务） 息等。 学习如何描述单位的组织结构、向上级汇报Administration 一天的工作情况等，并有机会练习做电话记（管理） 录、撰写备忘录和商务函件。 Life and work 学习如何阅读招聘广告，怎样填写申请表格、（工作和生活） 写应聘信和参加面试。
Information for the Examinees:
This examination consists of THREE sections. They are: Section I: Listening Test (25 points, 30 minutes) Section II: Reading Test (50 points, 60 minutes)
高级职业英语 第 1 页 （共 12 页）
Section III: Writing Test (25 points, 30 minutes)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes).
YOU MUST WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
Section I Listening Test [25 points] Instructions: ? The listening test will take approximately 30 minutes. ? There are THREE parts to the test. ? There will be a pause of 30 seconds before each part to allow you to look at your questions. ? There will be a pause of 30 seconds after each part to allow you to think about your answers. Part 1: Questions 1-5 are based on this part. (5 points)
同学们，本复习题中红色字体部分将和大家最终拿到的考卷一模一样，以下是听力部分的题型分析和解题思路——
样题：You will hear a conversation between a student and a British woman. The student is doing a survey on how schools in Britain have changed over the last ten years. He interviews Diana about her school days. Listen to the interview and complete Statements 1 – 5 by choosing the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. What type of school did Diana go to? She went to a __________ school. A. comprehensive B. grammar C. public D. secondary
2. Which of the following subjects was compulsory at that time? A. Chemistry B. Physics C. History D. Biology
3. What would happen if teachers were unable to keep the discipline? A. Pupils would take advantage of it. B. Pupils would behave themselves well.
高级职业英语 第 2 页 （共 12 页）
C. Some pupils would help teachers to keep it. D. Some pupils would be punished physically.
4. What was the maximum number of ―O‖ level exams that could be taken in one year? A. Eight B. Nine C. Ten D. Eleven
5. What new development regarding uniform does Diana mention? She said that girls were allowed to wear __________. A. a tie
B. a brown tunic
C. casual clothes on campus D. trousers in the winter
解析：这是一道单项选择题，解题的时候需要利用磁带录音读题的时间来审题，准确把握住每道题的考点，并在听的时候做好笔记。以本样题为例，我已经标记出了在读题的时候应该着重关注的重点词汇，希望同学们认真体会。注意在复习的时候关注课本第二、七单元的对话。
Part 2: Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)
You are going to listen to a monologue about … As you listen, decide whether statements 6-15 are true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false” on the Answer Sheet.
这种正误判断题需要在答题前仔细审题，和上面的样题一样，需要把每个选项中的核心词划下来，以便在听的时候有强烈的目的性。这里复习几个单词，需要同学们在考前烂熟于心，从而扫清词汇对于听力理解的障碍：
Alcohol, depressant, relaxed, euphoric, excessive, consumption, depletion, vitamins, minerals, paradox, moderate, beneficial, coronary, recommendation, intake, slim, nutritive, trace (n.), variance, calorie, influence
Part 3. Questions 16-25 are based on this part. (10 points)
高级职业英语 第 3 页 （共 12 页）
The following is a summary of a …. Listen to the recording carefully and complete it by filling in each blank with one word from the recording.
这道题是中规中矩的―Spot Dictation‖，同学们平时在做自测题时已经多次遇到，不应该陌生。但是，根据以往的经验，这种考察拼写的题目丢分现象依然严重。
做题技巧——
1、 对于需填写词的前后两个单词要做着重标记，在听的时候一定要重视！
2、 单词本身写对了还不够，还需要关注其时态，很多丢分的情况在于不知道加上
第三人称单数―s‖或―es‖；或者忘记加上―ing‖、―ed‖；复数变形通常也会成为丢分点。
提一些单词供复习用——
applicant, keen, personnel, professional, opening, airline, consultants, Germany, hiring, control, expenditure, capable, able, staff, lack, financial, responsibility.
这部分考题考生常犯的错误：
1） 不会正确拼写单词：虽然也能根据读音去想拼写，但总不能做到精确；
2） 语法不过关，遗漏关键词缀：举个例子，听到licensing，但写成license，ing没写，过去式后该有-ed的漏掉了(如 absorbed 写成了 absorb)。Goose复数的不规则变形 geese等。
3） 听力欠准确：辅音听错，比如depressed听成impressed；明明是短语，但没有写相应的介词或副词，如taken up写成taken等。
4） 有些错误表明学生没听懂/理解上下文的意思，如：worn写成warm, unpleasant – pleasant; deal – meal; positive – negative; sold - told 等
5）信息搞混淆：比如attended a meeting with the Marketing Department. 对话中也提及了services department, 有的同学就写services；
这种令人遗憾的错误表明这些同学没有顾及句子的语法结构。所以，在需要填写单词的试题部分建议大家不仅要将注意力放在所填的单词上，还有考虑整个句子的语法结构或上下文，这样不仅可以排除干扰项，避免语法错误，有时还能从上
高级职业英语 第 4 页 （共 12 页）
下文中得到线索，对答案进行合理的猜测。
6) 填答案时填错行：比如不会做第五题，却把第六题的答案写上去，造成后面的答案跟着错。
This is the end of the Listening Test.
Section II Reading Test [50 points]
同学们，这部分一共有5个阅读篇章，算上题目本身的字数共2500余字，希望大家在考试时安排好自己的时间，同时通过下面复习题的操练切实提升自己的阅读速度。
Review passage 1
Fingerprints
After almost a year in Kyrgyzstan, we were still treated as honored guests. In this Central Asian republic one dramatic mountain range collides and boosts itself upon the back of the next until the entire country rises in a riot of glaciers, rivers, and peaks. The Kyrgyz people, once nomadic, are famous for their openness and genuine hospitality. It came as a shock to everyone when Kate and I were robbed.
It was late May. We swung our door open to find books and papers strewn about the floor. Drawers dangled, and a hot wind poured over Jalal-Abad‘s scorched pistachio hills and through the balcony window our thief had punched out. We staggered about the apartment numbering our losses. After a few minutes, I collected myself and ran downstairs to find the police.
Two and a half hours later, the investigation began with the arrival of four pairs of Kyrgyz detectives. We solemnly shook hands in the entryway. They made an immense pile of their black, vinyl shoes by the door, lit cigarettes, and produced pads, pens, clipboards, and dense forms for us to fill out. The fingerprint specialist burst into action, dusting every item our thief may have fingered, including walls and table legs. The gold hammer and sickle shone brilliantly from his cap, both epaulets, and the badge over his heart, even though the Soviet Union had broken up into independent states almost five
高级职业英语 第 5 页 （共 12 页）
year ago. The specialist only paused when he spotted Kate‘s green REI headlamp which the thief had miraculously overlooked. He was spellbound.
―I‘ll have to dust this carefully for fingerprints back at the station,‖ he said, turning it over in his hands. I asked him when we could pick up the headlamp. ―Patom,‖ he said and stuffed it into his bag.
Then the investigation moved into the questioning phase. What kind of clothes were stolen? How many pairs of shoes were stolen? Why do you have so many pairs of shoes? There were also cultural questions. Do you enjoy eating our national dish? Does Michael Jordan live in Los Angeles? By now the fingerprint specialist had discovered my cracked and warped Russian guitar. He plunked at it thoughtfully. One of the detectives suggested that Kate and I sing a song. I had been watching Kate‘s frustration mounting, and at the song request she burst.
―There‘s no time for singing,‖ she shouted, ―we‘ve been robbed!‖
But the detectives assured us that they had plenty of time. So, in the interest of moving the investigation along I played and Kate harmonized on a rousing rendition of ―You Are My Sunshine‖ to the immense pleasure of our guests. An hour later the detectives closed their notepads and snuffed their cigarettes. They sorted out the pile of shoes by the door, promising that justice would be served. We didn‘t see the detectives again until late summer.
Complete the following table according to Passage 1. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Profile of the event
Time of occurrence Place (1)____________________ An apartment in Kyrgyzstan, a Republic located in (2)____________________ The possession brought (3)____________________ was taken away on the excuse 高级职业英语 第 6 页 （共 12 页）
away by the fingerprint of careful detection of fingerprints back at the station. specialist Nationality of the two They are probably (4)____________________. victims At least two examples (5)______________________________________________from the article which ________________________________________________show the victims were _______________________________________________. not local people
Review passage 2
ALCOHOL: PROS AND CONS
FOR: When risk of death from heart attack is plotted on a graph against alcohol consumption, studies consistently show a U-shaped curve, which suggests that non-drinkers and heavy drinkers have higher rates of heart disease than light to moderate drinkers. The implication is that moderate drinking offers protection from heart disease.
For years, doctors believed that the death rate among teetotalers was artificially high because it included a substantial number of reformed drinkers, irreparably damaged by alcohol. However, more recent studies which separate life-long drinkers from abstainers have shown that abstainers are still at high risk.
Studies have shown that moderate drinkers have higher levels of high-density lipoproteins in their blood. This is the ―good‖ cholesterol that protects against heart disease. Alcohol also appears to reduce the risk of heart diseases. Drinking alcohol in moderation undoubtedly brings some benefits, it is important not to play down the dangers of heavy drinking. Alcohol is related to a string of health problems including cirrhosis of the liver, cancer of the mouth, high blood pressure and hemorrhage stroke.
高级职业英语 第 7 页 （共 12 页）
Some people believe that wine, in particular, has additional beneficial properties that set it apart from other alcoholic drinks. The French have significantly less heart disease than any other industrialized nation except Japan. For example, in Toulouse, France, the annual heart disease death rate per 100,000 men is 78 --- barely a fifth of the number in Glasgow, Scotland. French doctors believe that the low rate of heart disease is a result of the fact that the French consume large quantities of wine.
The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing cancer has also been studied. Population studies suggest that people who drink moderately are at less risk than those who do not drink at all. Again, wine may be largely responsible for the benefits.
Other research suggests that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol also reduces the risk of catching everyday infections like colds. A recent study showed that drinking two units of alcohol daily can halve susceptibility to infections.
AGAINST: Drinking has been linked to diminished size, minor physical abnormalities and lower intelligence test scores. However, since it is not possible to say how much alcohol a pregnant woman can safely drink, the best advice is not to drink at all until after the birth.
How alcohol causes cirrhosis of the liver is not known. It is thought that many years of heavy drinking may cause problems with the repair processes, so that healthy cells are replaced by scar tissue. If the liver is unable to work, blood is forced to find alternative routes back to the heart and this leads to increased pressure in the blood vessels, making them liable to burst and cause a life-threatening hemorrhage.
For women, one of the greatest dangers is heavy drinking during pregnancy causing serious birth defects in the baby. In some studies, even moderate amounts of alcohol (two or three units a day) have occurrence of blood clots by making blood platelets less ―sticky‖ and increasing levels of enzymes which dissolve them.
Another serious concern for women is that drinking even moderate amounts of alcohol appears to increase the risk of breast cancer. Researchers from Harvard Medical School in the USA compared women who developed breast cancer with women free from the disease and discovered increased risk among those who had as little as two drinks a day.
高级职业英语 第 8 页 （共 12 页）
Doctors advise that each woman needs to assess her own risks. It is sensible for a woman with a family history of breast cancer to limit her alcohol intake.
Cancer of the bowel is also related to drinking. A fifty-year-old man who drinks is 3% more likely to get cancer of the large bowel than a man who does not drink. Alcohol has positive effects on some aspects of health but a negative influence on others.
Questions 1-5: The following is a rewritten version of the passage above. Fill in the missing information with one word for each blank. The first letter of the word has been given. You must choose words from the passage.
Doubtlessly, heavy alcohol drinking harms health. It may cause several dangerous and even deadly diseases, including liver cirrhosis, mouth cancer, breast cancer, bowel cancer, high blood pressure, and hemorrhage stroke. P________ 1 women are especially warned not to drink any alcohol at all as drinking is likely to result in serious birth d________ 2. On the other hand, recent studies seem to suggest that moderate drinking may be b________ 3 to human health. Moderate drinkers of alcohol are less likely to suffer heart diseases because they have higher levels of ―good‖ cholesterol in their blood. This is probably why the annual heart disease death rate is relatively low in France which c________ 4 large quantities of wine every year. Besides, moderate drinking may also reduce the risk of developing cancer and catching common i________ 5.
Review passage 3:
The following paragraphs are taken from a piece of news titled Quarrel Ends in Shooting of Mother but have been put into random order. The first and the last paragraphs are given. Put the rest of the paragraphs into the logical order. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
A. BRADENTON－A man who was picking up his 4-year-old son for the weekend
quarreled with the boy‘s mother and fatally shot her in the head Friday night, police say.
B. Authorities say the boy‘s father, Trevor Williams, grabbed Brandon and sped off
from the east Bradenton apartment complex after the shooting at about 7 p.m. Friday. He surrendered five hours later and was arrested on a murder charge.
高级职业英语 第 9 页 （共 12 页）
Family members said they had never known Williams, 38, to be violent, and that they were shocked that he‘d shoot Sheflin in front of Brandon. ―He could have killed his own child, but he didn‘t care,‖ said Jeremiah Cooko, 27, a cousin of Sheflin who had been living with her and Williams in Sarasota for more than a year.
C. Karen J. Sheflin, 35, was in the front seat of a vehicle when she was shot and killed.
Her son, Brandon, was nearby. He was not harmed.
D. Williams and Sheflin were arguing outside the laundry building of Citrus Meadows
in the 1500 block of 19th Street Court East.
E. Police say Sheflin, a licensed practical nurse who worked at nursing homes in
Sarasota, knew Williams, a pizza deliveryman, for about eight years. Brandon is their only child. Sheflin had a 10-year-old daughter from another relationship. Cooko said nobody knew that Williams had a gun. The couple had split up in October. Williams has been staying with a friend at Citrus Meadows Apartments in Bradenton ever since Sheflin asked him to move out last year.
F. Police say Sheflin accused Williams of giving her a sexually transmitted disease,
and that Williams grilled Sheflin about her relationships with other men.
G. Williams told detectives that Sheflin ―put him down‖ and ―disgraced him as a man‖,
so he became very upset. The argument dragged on for 20 minutes before Williams dug into his right pants pocket and pulled out a .32-caliber pistol.
Review passage 4
Crime Prevention
Can we do anything to protect ourselves from crime? The answer is ―yes‖. The best way to minimize the risk of being the victim of a crime is to take sensible precautions. The tips below cover several ways in which we can contribute to our own safety, our family‘s and our friends‘. You may already be aware of some of them, but some may be new to you and you may find them useful.
a. Do fit a viewer or spyhole and a stout door chain on the outside doors. These are
all available at DIY (i.e. do it yourself) shops.
高级职业英语 第 10 页 （共 12 页）
b. Never allow anyone (e.g. repairmen) to enter your home without first checking
their identity.
c. Never let your handbag out of your sight. On public transport, keep hold of it, with
the clasp or zip shut so a thief cannot steal your purse. In the office, keep it in a drawer, or in a corner near you and out of sight. Even in a car, keep it out of sight --- if you have the windows open or a door unlocked, a thief may reach it when you stop in traffic.
d. If you regularly go jogging or cycling, try to vary your route and time. Stick to
well-lit roads with pavements. On commons and parklands, keep to main paths and open spaces where you can see and be seen by other people --- avoid wooded areas.
e. When you answer the phone, simply say ―hello‖; don‘t give your number. If the
caller claims to have a wrong number, ask him or her to repeat the number required. Never reveal any information about yourself to a stranger and never say you are alone in the house.
f. Never leave a spare key in a hiding place like under a door-mat, in a flower pot or
inside the letter box --- a thief will look there first. Never leave a garage or garden shed unlocked, especially if it has a connecting door to the house.
g. Always keep your cheque card separate from your cheque book; a thief need both
to write a cheque.
h. If you think someone is following you, check by crossing the street --- more than
once if necessary --- to see if he follows. If you are still worried, get to the nearest place where there are other people --- a pub or anywhere with a lot of lights on --- and call the police. Avoid using an enclosed phone box in the street, as the prowler could trap you inside.
i. If you often walk hone in the dark, get a personal attack alarm from a DIY shop.
Carry it in your hand so you can use it immediately to scare off an attacker. Make sure it is designed to continue sounding if it‘s dropped or falls to the ground.
j. If you are selling your home, don‘t show people around on your own. Ask your
estate agent to send a representative with anyone who wants to view your house. k. Use time switches --- available from DIY shops --- to turn on lights, radios and
other appliance when you are out. This will make it look as if your house is occupied.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “True” and F for “False”.
高级职业英语 第 11 页 （共 12 页）
1 You should jog at quiet places where nobody can see you so that nobody can assault you.
True. False. T. F.
2 If a stranger tells you your address and checks if it‘s right on the phone, you should say ―No‖ and hang up the phone.
True. False. T. F.
3 If you feel followed on the street, run to the nearest telephone booth as fast as possible to call the police for help.
True. False. T. F.
4 If you walk home in the dark after work every weekday, you should always keep a personal attack alarm in your pocket to scare assailants off if necessary.
True. False. T. F.
5 When you go out of town for a couple of days, you should make sure that all the windows of your house are shut, all the doors are shut, and the power is shut.
True. False. T. F.
Review passage 5
Each of the following paragraphs describes the main job responsibilities of a certain occupation. Read them carefully and then match the job titles with their respective job duties. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Job Titles
A. Telephone Service Representative B. Telephone Sales Representative C. Confidential Secretary
D. Outside Sales Representative E. Analyst
1. Basic Requirements:
? Excellent secretarial skills including 60 wpm typing; good writing skills; courteous and professional telephone manners;
? Strong organizational and administrative skills with good follow-through and attention to detail;
? Ability to maintain confidentiality of sensitive information. General Responsibilities:
高级职业英语 第 12 页 （共 12 页）
Handling a heavy volume of incoming calls, answering inquiries and making the appropriate referrals;
? Preparing expense reports, scheduling internal and external meetings, handling travel arrangements;
? Assisting with confidential personnel matters.
?
2. Basic Requirements:
? Accurate light typing at least 20–25 wpm; computer skills (Windows preferred); ? Ability to communicate effectively and courteously with all types of telephone callers;
? Must be available for all Service Center hours including weekends (see below). General Responsibilities:
? Assist subscribers in starting and stopping home delivery; ? Respond to complaints concerning newspaper delivery; ? Enter data into computer system.
3. Basic Requirements:
? 1 – 2 years experience in outbound telephone sales environment strongly preferred;
? Demonstrated ability to sell and effectively close sales;
? Clear and articulate speech with excellent phone etiquette required. General Responsibilities:
? Sell advertising over the telephone;
? Problem-solve and respond to the needs of advertisers;
? Handle the pressure of a fast-paced, deadline driven environment of a major news publication;
? Work with service teams in tracking contract performance.
4. Basic Requirements:
? At least 1 year outside sales and/or marketing experience strongly preferred; ? Demonstrated ability to sell and effectively close sales; ? Proven track record of sales achievements;
? Ability to establish rapport and develop credibility with new accounts; ? Knowledge of or experience in the advertising or media industry helpful. General Responsibilities:
? Keeping up-to-date with industry trends, trade journals, etc., as they pertain to
高级职业英语 第 13 页 （共 12 页）
your clients and category;
? Preparing and making sales presentations; ? Servicing accounts properly;
? Selling online services to account list; grow account list within assigned territory; meet sales goals.
5. Basic Requirements:
? Strong quantitative analytical skills required;
? Skilled in use of PC and spreadsheets – Excel required;
? Ability to learn quickly and to understand thoroughly operations, revenue/cost structures and market conditions;
? Demonstrated ability in the systematic analysis and solution of problems. General Responsibilities:
? Identifying, monitoring and proposing ways to influence key variables that affect the post print and online profitability;
? Assisting with the development and implementation of marketing initiatives; ? Providing analytical support on issues affecting advertising sales categories; ? Compiling, analyzing and preparing reports on the newspaper industry and Washington area market data to target revenue opportunities.
Review passage 6
Headway Elementary
Headway is a multi-level course for adults and young adults who want to use English both accurately and fluently. Grammar and vocabulary are taught and explained thoroughly, and all four language skills are developed systematically. The Headway series combines traditional methods of language teaching and more recent communicative approaches. Headway Elementary is a first-year course book that, along with Headway Pre-intermediate, Headway Intermediate, Headway Upper-intermediate, and Headway Advanced, provides a comprehensive language teaching series for the 1990‘s.
Each level of Headway provides approximately 120 hours of teaching. Key features of Headway Elementary include:
高级职业英语 第 14 页 （共 12 页）
◆
◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆
Detailed treatment of grammar in two stages: at the beginning of each unit, where it is introduced and practiced in a variety of activities, and then in the Grammar Summary at the end of each unit, which is suitable for self-study and revision. Systematic vocabulary work with dictionary training.
Skills work sections for further extension and fluency work. Integrated pronunciation work.
An Everyday English section which practices common expressions in everyday situations.
A self-check revision section.
The Students‘ Book also contains reference lists of vocabulary, irregular verbs, verb patterns, phonetic symbols, and tapescripts.
In addition, there is a Teacher‘s Book with photocopiable activities, two class cassettes, and a Workbook with further consolidation exercises, extra input sections, and a writing syllabus. An optional Student‘s Cassette is available for use with the Workbook.
Active Reading
Active Reading is a collection of 40 task-based activities for elementary and lower-intermediate students wishing to improve their reading skills.
The main features of Active Reading are:
◆ A wide variety of enjoyable activities, all designed to be easily photocopied for distribution to the students.
◆ A large selection of authentic texts covering different aspects of British life and culture.
◆ A wide range of text types, including letters, newspaper reports, reference book entries, tour brochures and advertisements.
◆
An emphasis on the use of pictures, photos, maps, quizzes and puzzles – including activities such as finding treasure, deciphering codes, labeling diagrams and matching pictures to texts.
A detailed methodological introduction, giving practical advice on how to exploit the activities best.
Concise teacher‘s notes for each activity and an answer key.
高级职业英语 第 15 页 （共 12 页）
◆ ◆
Active Reading is an invaluable teacher‘s resource book which will supplement any main course by providing a wealth of extra reading material.
Questions 41 – 50: Decide whether the following statements are true, false or not mentioned. Write T for “true”, F for “false” and NM for “not mentioned” on the Answer Sheet.
1. Headway Elementary is published as a part of a series.
2. Headway Elementary combines traditional methods of language teaching
with communicative approaches.
3. Headway Elementary is not only convenient for classroom use but also good
for self-study.
4. Only teachers can have access to the Teacher‘s Book of Headway
Elementary.
5. According to the blurb, the text types in Active Reading are rather limited
but these texts are all authentic.
6. Users of Active Reading can easily photocopy the descriptions of the
activities for distribution to the students.
7. One of the features of Active Reading is a detailed treatment of grammar and
systematic vocabulary work.
8. Active Reading serves as a precious teacher‘s resource book which provides
a wealth of extra reading materials.
9. Both of the two books are designed for learners at the elementary level. 10. Headway Elementary is divided by tasks while Active Reading is divided by
sections.
Review passage 7
Half a Job between Two Dinkum's informed their workforce last week that in a desperate attempt to save jobs, they would move over to a job-share system. Rather than face unemployment, their workers are being offered the chance to work on a half-time basis where two people will share the responsibilities of one. 'We're giving our workers a choice. They can take redundancy if they prefer but if they want to stay with us, we can only offer them half their previous earnings,' said a spokesman for the factory.
高级职业英语 第 16 页 （共 12 页）
Beryl Harris, 47, is one of the many workers who have opted for the job-share arrangement. 'I know what it's like to be unemployed. I've watched my husband lose his self- respect in these last two years.'
Ron Harris, 49, looks depressed. He's a smartly-dressed man with neat graying hair and a twinkling smile - when you see it. Ron doesn't smile very often these days. 'I was a happy man until two and a half years ago when I lost my job. Now I just feel demoralised.'
Ron had worked as a fitter in two other factories before joining Dinkum's 8 or 9 years ago. 'My wife was already working there so it seemed a logical move. Both the other places I'd worked in had closed down. I got a bit of redundancy money from the second one but managed to get fixed up at Dinkum's immediately.' Ron was devastated when he was told he was no longer needed at Dinkum's. Ron had a good working record but Dinkum's operated a 'last in, first out' policy so Ron didn't stand a chance. 'They pay you redundancy money and that's that. Nobody seems to consider what it does to a man in his mid-forties to be thrown on the scrap heap.'
Sunnington has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country. Ron has been looking for work since Dinkum's broke the news to him two and a half years ago. 'I‘ve probably applied for more than a hundred jobs: as a labourer, a watchman and so on and I even tried to get a job as a dustman once - but nobody wants a guy of my age.' Ron's experience is not uncommon. 'The streets are full of broken men and the employment exchange is one of the worst places imaginable.' Ron and Beryl are already starting to worry about whether their two teenage children will find work when they leave school. It's bad enough with two of us trying to keep busy at home in the afternoons now but I have nightmares thinking about four of us without jobs,' says Beryl.
Ron spends his days doing odd jobs around the house, gardening and scanning the local newspaper for possible jobs. 'I watch far too much television but that's better than going to the pub.' Ron shakes his head sadly as he talks about other 'decent working class guys' who have taken to drink. 'It's so hard to keep your spirits up but I try.'
When asked what they think of Dinkum's new job-share plan, Ron and Beryl were in agreement. 'At least they're trying to find a solution. It's not their fault that this government of this country has made such a mess of things.' Many other workers were less sympathetic towards Dinkum's, saying that it is 'blackmail'. One male worker, who
高级职业英语 第 17 页 （共 12 页）
does not wish to be named, complained 'They're just using us because they know we all dread unemployment. But half wage is no good to anybody. It's just about the same as unemployment benefit.' Several workers we spoke to reported that they saw no point in working when they could get as much money on the dole. Ron Harris takes a different view. 'Anything's better than living on state benefit and waking up every day without anything to do.' Ron recalled cases of men he knows who had lost the will to work and the story of an unemployed man committing suicide in a nearby town. 'I can see why he did it but I'll never get to that stage.' It's a widely recognised problem that people who do not work can become severely depressed and listless.
'There are people much worse off than us,' said Beryl. 'At least we've got half a job between the two of us and, who knows, our luck may change.'
When asked about the future of the factory, the Dinkum's spokesman said that they were unable to make any promises but were hoping that the factory would be able to keep going and even re-employ some of its former workers in the not too distant future. This hope is undoubtedly shared by the unemployed of Sunnington.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are true, false or not mentioned. Write “T” for “true”, “F” for “false” and “NM” for “not mentioned” on the Answer Sheet.
_____ 1. Workers of Dinkum‘s are free to make their choice: take redundancy or
work on a half-time basis.
_____ 2. Beryl Harris is against the job-share arrangement because her husband
is already laid off.
_____ 3. Ron Harris has been jobless for at least two and a half years. _____ 4. It can be inferred that Beryl has worked at Dinkum‘s for longer years
than her husband has.
_____ 5. Though unemployed, Ron still often keeps his twinkling smile.
Review passage 8
The Management of Change
1. Today, change is a permanent characteristic of business activity. In some cases it is
高级职业英语 第 18 页 （共 12 页）
expected and planned for, in others it is not. For example, a rapid growth in sales may demand extensive change, but if this can be prepared for, the process can be managed more effectively. In contrast, some changes may be impossible to forecast and therefore pose the greatest danger. The effect will be heightened when the factors driving change fall beyond the control of the business. New consumer tastes, the rise of competitors, new legislation and economic fluctuations are all examples of this.
2. People bring about change, but they are also the most important barrier to its success. Individuals may resist change to protect pay, for example. It often takes time for workers to adapt, and if payment is based on output, they may, to begin with, earn less. They may also, since change can endanger a person‘s authority, regard change as a threat to their status. In addition, the wish to maintain group membership can be strong, and workers may resist change because they are worried about what others may think if they do not.
3. There are two key ways in which managers can help individuals overcome their natural resistance to change. The first is to involve those affected at every stage of the process so they understand why a new approach is necessary and have an interest in its success. To achieve this, when a decision is to be made, a proposal should pass between all employees who have an interest in the outcome. They are then asked to comment on the idea; in this way agreement about the best way forward gradually emerges and a final plan can be developed.
4. Of course, this is much less useful if rapid change is needed in response to a crisis. An alternative is to keep all those people affected by a change informed of what is happening at each stage of the process. Make sure everyone is aware of the options available. Many of the difficulties caused by a new situation are the result of fear of the unknown, but by informing those involved, some of the uncertainty can be removed.
5. When change is actually introduced, the process must be controlled. The final outcome of the programme should be the situation that was identified as ?where we want to be‘ in the initial planning phase. Targets should be set for each stage to ensure that progress is focused and does not slow down. It is essential that each target is measurable and that people recognize what is involved. If the outcome of each stage is well defined, action can be taken when the process shows any sign of moving out of control.
高级职业英语 第 19 页 （共 12 页）
6. One individual experienced at managing change is Martin Lett, chief executive of Global Links, a North American computer firm. Although the company has good profit levels, he is always looking for ways to improve. He says, ―The secret is to build an organization that isn‘t afraid to make changes while it‘s still on top, when it‘s not a matter of survival.‖ His approach signals that failure to constantly adapt to market conditions is why companies fall from positions of market dominance.
Questions 51 – 55: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to complete the following statements. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. According to this text, all of the following EXCEPT __________ may result in a
demand for change.
A. a rapid growth in sales B. new consumer tastes C. new legislation D. economic stability
2. Which of the following fears can explain why people may resist change, according to the writer?
A. The fear of losing group membership. B. The fear of putting up with new managers. C. The fear of having longer working hours.
D. The fear of mastering new skills for the position.
3. From Paragraph 4, it can be known that staff are sometimes not involved in decision making about change is because __________.
A. a high level of resistance to the changes is expected B. the different stages add up to a highly complex process C. far too many staff may be affected for this to be practical
D. the urgency of a situation does not allow for lengthy consultation
4. According to the fifth paragraph, what is important when a process of change is being carried out?
A. It is necessary to decide who is responsible for the different stages.
B. Mangers should continue to inform staff about the progress being made. C. It should be clear whether the goal of its each stage has been achieved.
高级职业英语 第 20 页 （共 12 页）
D. Potential problems need to be highlighted earlier in the process.
5. Martin Lett believes that his company is successful because __________. A. he has built up a management team he can rely on
B. it introduces change before it becomes necessary to do so C. he is experienced at responding to changes in the market D. it is more innovative with products than competitors
Review passage 9
The ―Read On‖ bookstore is managed by the owners, Amelia and Donald Sinclair. They attend to all the major administration of the shop --- the ordering of books, the general accounts, staffing and so on. They employ a total of 11 people: an assistant manager, sales staff, a storekeeper, an accountant and service staff. Eight of these staff members work in and around the shop during opening hours. The assistant manager sells books but also runs the information desk, which provides a full range of services for customers wishing to locate books, find out publication details or place special orders. The sale of books is mainly taken care of by three full-time workers and three part-time workers who are all familiar with the stock in the shop and able to offer advice to customers as required. The storekeeper is responsible for receiving and recording new supplies, refilling the bookshelves and generally keeping the stock room in order. He occasionally helps out on the sales desk. A professional accountant is employed to do major accounting for the business on the last Friday of each month. The service staff for the shop consists of only two people: a cleaning lady who works for two hours before the shop opens each day, and a general handyman who is a retired man who works on a causal basis, paid by the hour, when he is needed for repairs and odd jobs.
Questions 1-5: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1 ________ employees work for the bookstore on a full-time basis. A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven
2 Customers‘ special orders are placed with the ________. A. owners B. assistant manager
高级职业英语 第 21 页 （共 12 页）
C. sales staff D. storekeeper
3 Refilling the bookshelves is the responsibility of the ________. A. assistant manager B. sales staff C. storekeeper D. handyman
4 Which job is NOT the storekeeper‘s job according to the passage? A. Helping out on the sales desk. B. Keeping the stock room in order.
C. Receiving and recording new supplies. D. Ordering new books.
5 How many people does the sales staff have? A. Three B. Six C. Eight D. Eleven
Review passage 10
China’s Great Gastronomic Revolution
As you make your way through the crowded stalls of Beijing‘s food markets nowadays, you may sometimes be confused as to just what you should be looking for. There is a profusion of fresh vegetables laid out for sale. How different things were only a scant 15 years ago. At that time there was no variety in the selection of vegetables. Today, with bread, jam, milk and eggs available for breakfast instead of porridge, deep-fried dough strips and pickles, more and more people can afford the indulgence of eating whatever they want.
It is all the rage for fashionable teenagers and trendy yuppies to go to a Western restaurant for spaghetti, a hamburger, fried chicken, pizza or a sandwich. Older folks in China have not quite caught on to these trends, as their younger counterparts have, and tend to be more practical, focusing their attention on simple but sensible food. The purpose of eating is not simply to fill one‘s stomach, they reason, but also to maintain one‘s mind and body. Products like low-fat foods, vegetables, bean products and ―black food‖ (foods dark in color, believed to be highly nutritious) have all won over many
高级职业英语 第 22 页 （共 12 页）
older consumers who would probably blanch at the thought of a McDonald‘s Happy Meal for lunch.
It is an old Chinese tradition to attach great importance and ceremony to the art of dining. When friends come for dinner, they are often treated to a sumptuous banquet, which results in a lot of wasted food. Young people nowadays pay more attention to quality than quantity, though, and innovative contraptions like chafing dishes are starting to appear on Chinese tables instead of the old ―eight courses (usually four meat dishes and four vegetable dishes) and one soup‖ allowing diners to chat while they eat. Some companies are now beginning to treat guests to buffets instead of the traditional big banquet, which helps in turn to cut costs.
China is well-known for its food. The famous ―eight cuisines‖ of Chinese kitchens have won accolades from customers as far afield as Capetown and Salt Lake City. But preparing Chinese dishes is no easy job, and it takes one or two hours to serve up one dish with the right flavor, color, taste and shape to satisfy demanding Chinese palates. People of the 1990‘s just don‘t have the time any more. Affluence brings more fast food and instant meals in a box, especially frozen food, and the introduction of electric steamers, microwave ovens and electric ranges gives many people an excuse to spend fewer and fewer hours in the kitchen preparing a decent meal.
In a fast-growing society, ideas on eating change day by day, and no doubt the last page on China‘s gastronomic revolution is still a few chapters off.
Questions 1-5: Briefly answer the following questions according to the passage. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. What did Chinese people usually have for breakfast 15 years ago?
2. According to this passage, how would older consumers probably react to Western food such as a hamburger, pizza and fried chicken?
3. Why are some companies now beginning to treat guests to buffets instead of the traditional big banquet?
4. What are the reasons that Chinese people are spending less time in the kitchen now than in the past? Name at least two.
5. What does the title ―China‘s Great Gastronomic Revolution‖ suggest?
高级职业英语 第 23 页 （共 12 页）
Review passage 11
Instructions: Read the following passage and answer questions 1－5 according to your understanding.
Charlotte Ascot didn‘t realize at the beginning that First would actually become a chain. She was hopeful though. She had always been interested in fashion and she realized that there was a whole market which was not being catered for outside London: men and women who were young enough to want to look fashionable and who could afford the sort of good quality clothes that were only available in London. These people have grown out of shopping in the cheaper, high street shops which cater for the under twenty-five age group but do not want to wear the sort of classic clothes that have always been available so there is an obvious gap. Now Charlotte‘s shops are helping to fill that gap.
Charlotte Ascot opened her first shop in 1985, in Manchester, selling only women‘s clothes. It was an exciting time and it was wonderful watching the sales figure grow during the first year. The success of that shop prompted her to open two more shops the following year --- one in London and one in Oxford. By 1989, Charlotte had 25 women‘s shops nation-wide, and 18 First men‘s shops. The men‘s shops were slow to take off at first but suddenly Charlotte found business was booming. Now she has branches in virtually every shopping center in the country and more than one shop in each big city. In Birmingham, for example, there are five shops, each selling different stock.
Charlotte Ascot always says that hard work is the secret of her success. She hardly ever manages to have a holiday. She believes it‘s very important to keep in touch and she never intends to become a businesswoman or a director who sits in a fancy office giving orders to other people all the time. Charlotte personally checks every design that is proposed and if she doesn‘t like it, it doesn‘t go into the shops. She keeps a close relationship with people who shop in her stores. Charlotte knows what they want and what they don‘t want. She wears the clothes herself to make sure that they are fashionable today but won‘t look dated or old-fashioned next season. All the clothes in First shops are designed by First‘s own designers, with First‘s particular market in mind. First‘s clothes won‘t be found anywhere else but in First shops. Each season, First‘s range is color coordinated. If a customer buys a First skirt, she can choose from a large
高级职业英语 第 24 页 （共 12 页）
selection of shirts and blouses to go with it. In Charlotte‘s large stores customers can also buy everything else they may need --- a handbag, shoes, tights, even make-up --- all color coordinated.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Charlotte‘s original target consumers are non-Londoners over the age of 25 who want to and have the money to buy clothes in fashion in London.
True. False. T. F.
2 Charlotte opened her first shop in London in the year of 1986.
True. False. T. F.
3 Now Charlotte owns at least one shop in each city of the country.
True. False. T. F.
4 Charlotte doesn‘t like to be a director or give orders.
True. False. T. F.
5 No First design can actually go into the market before Charlotte‘s personal approval.
True. False. T. F.
Review passage 12
Instructions: Read the following passage and answer questions 1－5 according to your understanding.
China established a free medical-care system in 1951. State-owned institutions and industrial factories were entitled to open welfare accounts to help cover medical expenses of their employees. The system has helped protect the health of urban residents, helped promote economic development and maintained social stability.
However, misuse of the system has become more common and medical expenditures have increased in recent years. In 1994, medical expenditures for workers nation-wide amounted to 55.8 billion yuan, which is equal to 6.5 billion US dollars. In 1978, the cost was 2.7 billion yuan, which is equal to 325 million US dollars.
It has become a necessity for China to reform her medical-care system, and the Chinese government has decided to take action. The reform aims to build a new type of medical
高级职业英语 第 25 页 （共 12 页）
insurance system for Chinese workers and to better meet basic medical demands. The new medical system will be expected to help prevent abuse of medical resources and alleviate heavy financial burdens caused by increasing medical expenses.
In order to gather experience and ensure the smooth implementation of the reform nationwide, the Chinese government has conducted pilot experiment programs in certain cities. The experiments have attempted to create a new medical-insurance system that integrates ―overall medical funds with personal accounts‖. Under the new system, institutional and industrial employees pay 1 percent of their monthly salary to set up a personal account for medical expenses. Both capital and interest from the account will be set aside for the individual. Units are then required to contribute a sum equivalent to about 10 percent of their entire staff‘s salaries, about 50 percent or more of which goes into personal accounts for each staff member. The remainder of the money goes to establish an overall medical fund for cases of serious illness. Medical costs will be subtracted first from employees‘ personal accounts. But for serious ailments or costly medical treatment, the overall medical-insurance fund will cover the majority of the cost.
Despite difficulties and problems, the pilot experiment programs have achieved great success. Now the State Council plans to expand the nation‘s pilot program involving the reform of China‘s free medical-care system to some 80 cities this year. The extension is a follow-up to previous work in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, and Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, launched early last year.
Questions 1-5: Answer the following questions by choosing the best answer from A, B, C and D. 1 2
Which of the following may be the best title of this article? A. The Medical-care System Reform of China B. China‘s Medical-care Reform Experiments C. Should Medical-care Be Free?
D. The Necessity of Medical-care System Reform in China Why is medical-care system reform necessary in China? A. Because the system is too old.
B. Because abuse and enormous cost of the system has become a big problem. C. Because pilot experiment programs have been successful.
高级职业英语 第 26 页 （共 12 页）
3 4 5
D. Because China‘s economy has grown and Chinese people are much richer. Which of the following is NOT a goal of China‘s new medical-care system? A. To provide really free medical care for Chinese people. B. To better meet Chinese people‘s basic medical needs. C. To prevent misuse of medical resources.
D. To control the fast increase of medical-care cost.
Who contributes to the medical-care insurance fund in the new system after reform?
A. The government and the units.
B. The employees and the government.
C. The employees, the units and the State Council. D. The units and the employees.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The old system covers all citizens of China.
B. Compared with that of 1978, the medical-care expenditures of China in 1994
increased by about 20.67 times.
C. The new system is actually NOT free.
D. If an employee earns a monthly salary of 1,200 yuan, 12 yuan will be added
to his/her personal medical-care account.
Section III Writing Test [25 points] Instructions: ? The writing test will take 30 minutes. ? Your essay should be 150 – 200 words. ? You are required to use at least 8 of the words or expressions provided below. ? You should give your essay a title. ? You may use the space below to write an outline or a draft. Review question 1:
Suppose you hear from your friend David, who asks you to recommend an English training course. Write a recommendation letter in 150-200 words. You can write about the aim and duration of the course, the teaching staff, the facilities, class size, fee, etc. You are required to use at least 8 of the words or expressions provided below.
高级职业英语 第 27 页 （共 12 页）
1. feature 2. extend 3. conduct
4. professional development 5. conveniently situated 6. tailor-made 7. reasonable 8. responsive 9. flexible 10. It aims at…
Review question 2:
Nowadays a growing number of people, children and teenagers in particular, regularly go to McDonald’s, KFC or Pizza Hut for foreign fast food such as hamburgers, pizza and fried chicken. Please comment on this eating habit and express your idea of a healthy diet. Remember to give your essay a title. You are required to use at least 8 of the words or expressions provided below.
1. nutrient 2. vitamin 3. protein 4. cereal
5. low-fat foods 6. nibble at 7. grow out of 8. be rich in …
9. It is vital to have a regular supply of … 10. … can never resist …
Review question 3:
高级职业英语 第 28 页 （共 12 页）
Suppose you hear from your friend Richard who caught a cold recently, you would like to share with him your suggestions on some treatments to cure a cold, and
recommendations on some measures to prevent a cold, or you may provide advice on ways of keeping fit. Write him a letter in 150-200 words. You are required to use at least 8 of the words or expressions provided below.
1. It is a good practice to… 2. avoid 3. warm 4. window
5. air-conditioner 6. general practitioner 7. injection 8. pill 9. regular 10. problematic
高级职业英语 第 29 页 （共 12 页）