2.Teaching Content:

1) How do we learn language? 2) Views on language 3) Views on language learning 4) What is good language teacher?

5) How can one become a good language teacher? 6) An overview of the book

3. Teaching Hours: 6 periods 4. Teaching materials: 1) Textbook 2) Handout 3) Vediotape 5.Teaching Methods:

1) Lecture ( Computer-aided Instruction) 2)Demonstration

6. Teaching Procedures:

1) Information about language and language learning

Three views about the nature of language: There are many possible theoretical positions about the nature of language. Here are three different views which explicitly or implicitly is reflected in current approaches to language learning. A. The structural view of language

The structural view of language is that language is a system of structurally related elements for the transmission of meaning.

a. These elements are usually described as phonological units (phonemes)

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grammatical units (phrases, clauses, sentences)

grammatical operations (adding, shifting, joining or transforming elements) lexical items (function words and structure words) b. Target of language learning

The target of language learning, in the structural view, is the mastery of elements of this system.

c. Methods based on this view

Some of the language learning methods based on this view of language are:

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the Audiolingual method Total Physical Response the Silent Way

B. The communicative view of language

The communicative, or functional view of language is the view that language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning. The semantic and communicative dimensions of language are more emphasized than the grammatical characteristics, although these are also included.

a. Here are some of the areas of research in this view of language: sociolinguistics ; pragmatics ; semantics

b. Target of language learning : The target of language learning is to learn to express communication functions and categories of meaning c. Approaches and methods based on this view

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Some of the language learning approaches and methods based on this view of language are: communicative approaches

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functional-notional syllabuses The Natural Approach

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C. The interactional view of language

The interactional view of language sees language primarily as the means for establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships and for performing social transactions between individuals.

a. Here are some of the areas of research in this view of language:

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interactional analysis conversational analysis ethnomethodology

b. Target of language learning: The target of language learning in the interactional

view is learning to initiate and maintain conversations with other people. c. Approaches and methods based on this view

Some of the language learning approaches and methods based on this view of language are:

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Strategic interaction

communicative approaches2) Teaching Methods in the Language Classroom:

FL teachers must provide students with adequate teaching methodology and time, as well as appropriate vocabulary and learning activities that will allow for the development of verbal skills.

There is no single \methods are best employed during the different stages of the teaching and learning process and then design curriculum to meet their final objectives/goals. a. Grammar Translation:

The Grammar Translation method started around the time of Erasmus (1466-1536). Its primary focus is on memorization of verb paradigms, grammar rules, and vocabulary. Application of this knowledge was directed on translation of literary texts--focusing of developing students' appreciation of the target language's literature as well as teaching

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the language. Activities utilized in today's classrooms include: questions that follow a reading passage; translating literary passages from one language to another; memorizing grammar rules; memorizing native-language equivalents of target language vocabulary. (Highly structured class work with the teacher controlling all activities.) b. Direct Method:

The Direct Method was introduced by the German educator Wilhelm Vi?tor in the early 1800's. Focusing on oral language, it requires that all instruction be conducted in the target language with no recourse to translation. Reading and writing are taught from the beginning, although speaking and listening skills are emphasized--grammar is learned inductively. It has a balanced, four-skill emphasis. c. The Silent Way:

The teacher is active in setting up classroom situations while the students do most of the talking and interaction among themselves. All four skills (listening, speaking, reading & writing) are taught from the beginning. Student errors are expected as a normal part of learning; the teacher's silence helps to foster self-reliance and student initiative.

d. Community Language Learning:

Teachers recognize that learning can be threatening and by understanding and accepting students' fears, they help their students feel secure and overcome their fears of language learning--ultimately providing students with positive energy directed at language learning. Students choose what they want to learn in the class and the syllabus is learner-generated. e. Natural Approach:

Introduced by Gottlieb Henese and Dr. L. Sauveur in Boston around 1866. The Natural Approach is similar to the Direct Method, concentrating on active demonstrations to convey meaning by associating words and phrases with objects and actions. Associations are achieved via mime, paraphrase and the use of manipulatives. Terrell (1977) focused on the principles of meaningful communication, comprehension before production, and indirect error correction. Krashen's (1980) input hypothesis is applied in the Natural e. Reading Method:

The reading method was prominent in the U.S. following the Committee of Twelve in

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