P248 Ï°Ìâ Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½£º
(1) (CH3)3CCl + Mg´¿ÃÑ»ØÁ÷(CH3)3CMgCl
(2) CH3CH2MgI + CH3OHCH3CH3 + CH3OMgI
±½H(3)
H+C2H5MgBrHMgBr+C2H6
(4) C2H5OCCH + RMgX´¿ÃÑC2H5OCCMgX
P248 Ï°Ìâ ÓÃÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÄÜ·ñÖƱ¸GrignardÊÔ¼ÁΪʲô
(1) HOCH2CH2Br (2) HCCCH2CH2Br
(3)
CH3CCH2BrO (4)
CH3CH2CHCH2BrOCH3½â£º(1)²»ÄÜ¡£ÒòΪ´¼ôÇ»ùÖеÄÇâÔ×ÓΪ»îÆÃÇ⣬ÄÜ·Ö½âGrignardÊÔ¼Á¡£ (2) ²»ÄÜ¡£ÒòΪȲÇâÒ²ÊÇ»îÆÃÇ⣬ÄÜ·Ö½âGrignardÊÔ¼Á¡£ (3) ²»ÄÜ¡£ÒòΪÆä·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐôÊ»ù£¬ÄÜÓëGrignardÊÔ¼Á¼Ó³É¡£
(4) ²»ÄÜ¡£ÒòΪ±Ô×ӵĦÂ-CÉÏÁ¬Óм×Ñõ»ù£¬»á·¢ÉúÏû³ý·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉÏ©Ìþ¡£
P249 Ï°Ìâ Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½£º
(1) CH3CH2Br + 2Li(2) CH3(CH2)3C(3)
CH3CH2Li + LiBr
CH3(CH2)3LiCHCH3(CH2)3CCLi +CH3(CH2)3
H
Br + 2LiLi + LiBrBr(4)
CH3+ (CH3)2CuLi
Br(5) C5H11Br + [(CH3)3C]2CuLi[(CH3)3C]2CuLiCH3C5H11C(CH3)3
(6) CH3(CH2)9ICH3(CH2)9CH3P253 Ï°Ìâ Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½(Óù¹Ðͱíʾ)£¬²¢Ð´³ö·´Ó¦»úÀí¡£
H(1) n-C6H13HCBr I-ICBr#IC(A)Hn-C6H13 CH3CH3CH3n-C6H13HHS-ICSH#Hn-C6H13CH3CSH (B)CH3n-C6H13H(2)
INaI±ûͪBrHCH3H (SN2£¬¹¹Ðͷת)
HCH3P255 Ï°Ìâ Íê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½(Óù¹Ðͱíʾ)£¬²¢Ð´³ö·´Ó¦»úÀí¡£
CH3(1) n-CH37CH3CBr- Br-CH2O´Ó×óÃæ»òÓÒÃæ½ø¹¥£¬n-C3H7»úÂÊÏàͬ
C2H5C2H5CH3HOCCH3OH
Cn-C3H7+n-C3H7C2H5C2H5ÍâÏûÐýÌåH3C(2)
CH3- Br-BrH3CCH3HH2O´ÓÉÏÃæ»òÏÂÃæ½ø¹¥£¬»úÂʲ»Ïàͬ
HH3CHCH3OH+H3CHOHCH3
·Ç¶ÔÓ³ÌåP258 Ï°ÌâÍê³ÉÏÂÁз´Ó¦Ê½
OH(1) HHCH3BrCH3OH-HCH3OHCH3
(2) H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2BrH2ONHHBr-
P263 Ï°Ìâ ÔÚÏÂÁи÷×éÇ׺ËÊÔ¼ÁÖУ¬ÄÄÒ»¸öÇ׺ËÐÔÇ¿
(1) Cl-ºÍCH3S - ¡Ì (2) CH3NH2ºÍ CH3NH- ¡Ì (3) ¡Ì H2OºÍ HF (4) ¡Ì HS - ºÍ H2S (5) HO -ºÍ HS -¡Ì (6) ¡Ì HSO3- ºÍ HSO4- P263 Ï°Ìâ ÏÂÃæËùÁеÄÿ¶ÔÇ׺ËÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬¸÷°´ºÎÖÖ»úÀí½øÐÐÄÄÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦¸ü¿ìΪʲô
(1)
(CH3)3CBr + H2O¡£3 RX£¬Ö÷Òª½øÐÐSN1CH3SN1?
(CH3)3COH + HBr¸ü¿ì!¼«ÐÔÈܼÁ£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚSN1
CH3Ö÷ÒªÊÇSN1CH3CH2CHBr + H2OCH3CH2CHOH + HBr¡£2 RX£¬½øÐÐSN1ºÍSN2CH3CH2Cl + NaI?
¼«ÐÔÈܼÁ£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚSN1±ûͪ½ÏÂý (2)
SN2±ûͪCH3CH2I + NaCl¸ü¿ì
(CH3)2CHCl + NaISN2(CH3)2CHI + NaCl
ÔÒò£ºI-µÄÇ׺ËÐÔºÜÇ¿£¬ÇÒ±ûͪ¼«ÐÔ½ÏС¡£ÕâÖÖ·´Ó¦Ìõ¼þÓÐÀûÓÚSN2¡£ SN2·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£º1oRX£¾2oRX£¾3oRX £¨3£©
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Br + NaOH¡£1 RX£¬Ö÷Òª½øÐÐSN2·´Ó¦CH3CH3CH2CHCH2Br + NaOH¡£1 RX£¬Ö÷Òª½øÐÐSN2·´Ó¦H2OSN2CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH + NaBr
¸ü¿ì! ¿Õ¼äÕϰС£¬¹ý¶É̬Îȶ¨¡£CH3CH3CH2CHCH2OH + NaBr½ÏÂý! ¿Õ¼äÕÏ°´ó£¬¹ý¶É̬²»Îȶ¨¡£
H2OSN2P263 Ï°Ìâ ±´úÍéÓëNaOHÔÚË®£ÒÒ´¼ÈÜÒºÖнøÐз´Ó¦£¬ÏÂÁÐÄÄЩÊÇSN2»úÀíÄÄЩÊÇSN1»úÀí
(1) ²úÎï·¢ÉúWaldenת»¯£» SN2
(2) Ôö¼ÓÈܼÁµÄº¬Ë®Á¿·´Ó¦Ã÷ÏԼӿ죻 SN1 (3) ÓÐÖØÅÅ·´Ó¦£» SN1
(4) Êå±´úÍé·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ´óÓÚÖÙ±´úÍ飻 SN1 (5) ·´Ó¦Ö»ÓÐÒ»²½¡£ SN2
Ï°Ìâ Ö¸³öÏÂÁи÷¶Ô·´Ó¦ÖУ¬ºÎÕ߽Ͽ졣
(1)
CH3½ÏÂýCH3CH3CH2CHCH2Br + CN -CH3CH2CHCH2CN + Br
-(¿Õ¼äÕÏ°´ó)
(2)
CH3(CH2)3Br + CN -½Ï¿ì(CH3)2CHCH2ClH2O?H2OCH3(CH2)3CN + Br -(CH3)2CHCH2OH (¿Õ¼äÕϰС)
½ÏÂý(CH3)2CHCH2BrCH3I + NaOH?H2O(CH3)2CHCH2OHCH3OH + NaI
½Ï¿ì (ÀëÈ¥ÄÜÁ¦£ºBr- £¾ Cl -)
(3)
½ÏÂýCH3I + NaSH(4) CHI+(CH)NH332H2OCH3SH + NaI (Ç׺ËÐÔ£ºSH - £¾ OH -)
½Ï¿ìÉÔ¿ìCH3N(CH3)2+HBr (¿Õ¼äÕϰС)