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2£®¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽ

¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽ¾ÍÊÇÔÚ¶¯Ãû´Ê֮ǰ¼Ónot¡£ eg. He insisted on Lisa¡¯s not going there alone.

He was criticized for not having finished his homework. 3£®¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹

¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¾ÍÊÇÔÚ¶¯Ãû´ÊǰÓÃÃû´Ê»ò´ú´ÊµÄËùÓиñ£ºsb¡¯s doing¡£Õâ¸öËùÓиñͨ³£¾ÍÊÇÕâ¸ö¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄÂß¼­Ö÷Óï¡£

eg. Do you mind my opening the window? Tom¡¯s getting up early surprised his parents.

×¢1£ºÈç¹ûÕâ¸ö¶¯Ãû´ÊÊÇ×÷±öÓÄÇôÎÒÃÇ»¹¿ÉÒÔÓñö¸ñ¼Ó¶¯Ãû´Ê£¬¶øµ±¶¯Ãû´ÊÊÇ×÷Ö÷Óïʱ£¬¾ÍÖ»ÄÜÓÃËùÓиñ¡£ÈçÉÏÃæµÄµÚÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¾ÍÄܸijɣºDo you mind me opening the window? µ«µÚ¶þ¸öÀý×ÓµÄTom¡¯s£¨»òHis£©²»ÄÜ»»³ÉTim£¨»òHim£©¡£

ÁíÍ⣬Èç¹ûÕâ¸ö¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄÂß¼­Ö÷ÓïÊÇÎÞÉúÃüµÄ?Îï?ʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ³£Ò²²»ÓÃËùÓиñ¡£ eg. You can hear the noise of desks being opened and closed outside the school. ×¢2£º²¢²»ÊÇËùÓе͝Ãû´Êǰ¶¼Òª¼ÓËùÓиñµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÖ»ÓÐÔÚÐèҪʱ²ÅÓö¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¡£ÓÐʱÓÃÓë²»Óã¬ÒâÒåÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£

ÊԱȽϣºDo you mind turning on the light? Do you mind my turning on the light? ¶þ¡¢¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¹¦ÄÜ 1£®×÷Ö÷Óï

eg. Getting up early is a good habit. Teaching English is my work. Breathing became difficult when they reached the top of the mountain. There is no joking about such matters.

¶¯Ãû´Ê×÷Ö÷Óïʱ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃit×÷ÐÎʽÖ÷ÓÈ磺 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time quarrelling with each other. ¶¯Ãû´ÊÓë²»¶¨Ê½¶¼ÄÜ×÷Ö÷Óµ«¶¯Ãû´ÊÒ»°ã±íʾµÄÊDZȽϳéÏóµÄÐÐΪ£¬»òÕßĿǰµÄ¶¯×÷£¬¶ø²»¶¨Ê½ÔòÍùÍùÓÃÀ´±íʾ¾ßÌåµÄ¶¯×÷£¬ÌرðÊǽ«À´µÄ¶¯×÷¡£ ÊԱȽϣºA) Smoking is not allowed in the library. It¡¯s not very good for you to smoke so much. B) Building houses is their job. They are builders. I am on duty today. To keep the classroom clean is my duty. ÓеÄʱºò£¬Ñ¡Ôñ¶¯Ãû´Ê»¹ÊDz»¶¨Ê½×÷Ö÷ÓҪ¸ù¾Ýϰ¹ß´îÅä»òÕß¾ä×ӵį½ºâÀ´¶¨¡£ eg. A) It¡¯s important to study English well. It is no good reading without thorough comprehension. B) Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 2£®×÷±íÓï

eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the market. ¶¯Ãû´ÊºÍ²»¶¨Ê½¶¼ÄÜ×÷±íÓËüÃÇÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÓë×÷Ö÷ÓïʱµÄÇø±ðÏàͬ¡£

ÊԱȽϣºHis job is cleaning the toilets, but his dream is to be the manager of the company.

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3£®×÷¶¨Óï

¶¯Ãû´Ê×÷¶¨Óһ°ã·ÅÔÚ±»ÐÞÊδÊ֮ǰ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ½²Çå±»ÐÞÊδʵÄÓÃ;»òÄ¿µÄ¡£ eg. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping drinking water = water for drinking a smoking room = a room for smoking ¶¯Ãû´ÊÓëÏÖÔڷִʶ¼ÄÜ×÷¶¨Óµ«ÏÖÔÚ·Ö´Ê×÷¶¨Óïʱ£¬ÍùÍùÓÃÀ´±íʾËùÐÞÊÎÃû´ÊµÄ¶¯×÷»ò״̬£¬Óë±»ÐÞÊδÊÊÇÖ÷ν¹ØÏµ¡£

eg. a sleeping lion = a lion that is/was sleeping boiling water = water that is/was boiling a smoking chimney = a chimney that is/was smoking ÊԱȽϣºa dancing hall, a dancing girl

a swimming pool, the swimming dog the waiting room, the waiting patients

Practice: Read the following short passage and try to find out the answer to the questions. Some boys put up a notice outside their garden gate, which read: NOTICE If you are interested in water-sports, swimming, diving, floating, etc., come and see the floating match here this afternoon. Admission 3 pence

Some people paid their three pence and went inside. What did they expect to see? And what do you think t they will see?

Key: They expected to see a match for floating. But all they saw was a match-stick floating in a basin of water. (They expected to see a gerund and all they saw was a participle!)

4£®×÷±öÓï

ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖУ¬¶¯Ãû´ÊÓë²»¶¨Ê½¶¼ÄÜ×÷±öÓï¡£¸ù¾Ý´Ê»ãµÄ¹ßÓ÷¨£¬¶¯Ãû´Ê×÷±öÓï¿ÉÒÔ·Ö³ÉÒÔϼ¸ÖÖÀàÐÍ£º

A)Ö»Óö¯Ãû´Ê£¬²»ÄÜÓò»¶¨Ê½

Ôڸ߿¼´Ê»ãΪ·¶Î§ÖУ¬³£¼ûµÄÖ»Óö¯Ãû´Ê£¬²»ÄÜÓò»¶¨Ê½×÷±öÓïµÄ¶¯´ÊÓÐadmit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape. excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest,µÈ¡£ eg. I have just finished writing the letter. You should avoid catching cold. ×¢£ºÔÚÒÔÉ϶¯´ÊÖУ¬ÎÒÃDz»¿ÉÒÔÓò»¶¨Ê½×÷±öÓ²¢²»Òâζ×ÅÎÒÃDz»¿ÉÒÔÓò»¶¨Ê½×÷ËüÃǵıö²¹£¬Èçallow sb to do sth, advise sb to do sthµÈ£¬¶¼ÊÇÓò»¶¨Ê½×÷±ö²¹µÄÀý×Ó¡£ B)Ö»Óò»¶¨Ê½£¬²»ÄÜÓö¯Ãû´Ê

³£ÓõÄÕâÀද´ÊÓУºagree, decide, desire, expect, hope, offer, pretend, promise, refuseµÈµÈ¡£

eg. Karl Marx decided to study Russian when he was over fifty. I hope to meet you soon.

C)¼È¿ÉÓö¯Ãû´Ê£¬ÓÖ¿ÉÓò»¶¨Ê½£¬¶øÇÒÒâ˼Ҳ²î²»¶à

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ÕâÀද´ÊÓУºlike, love, hate, prefer

eg. The boy likes playing/ to play video games. ×¢£ºÈç¹û½²µ½µÄÊÇÒ»¹áµÄ°®ºÃµÈ£¬Óö¯Ãû´Ê¸ü¶à£»¶ø½²µ½Ä³Ò»´Î¾ßÌåµÄ»î¶¯£¬ÌرðÊÇÓн«À´ÒâÒåʱ£¬Óò»¶¨Ê½¶à¡£Ò²ÓÐÒ»Ð©ÌØ¶¨µÄ´Ê×飬һ¶¨ÒªÓò»¶¨Ê½¡£

eg. He likes playing football. But he would like to swim with his friends this afternoon.

She prefers riding a bicycle to taking a bus. She prefers to take a bus rather than ride a bicycle. ³ýÁËÒÔÉ϶¯´ÊÖ®Í⣬»¹ÓÐbegin, start, continue, ceaseÒ²¾ßÓÐͬÑùµÄÐÔÖÊ¡£ eg. The baby began crying/ to cry.

×¢£ºÓеÄÓï·¨ÊéÉÏ˵£¬ÓÐÈýÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬beginµÈ¶¯´Êºó²»ÄÜÓö¯Ãû´Ê£¨Ö÷Óï²»ÊÇ?ÈË?£»¶¯´Ê±¾ÉíÊǽøÐÐʱ̬£»ºó½ÓµÄÊDZíʾ˼ά»î¶¯£¬¾«Éñ״̬µÈµÄ¶¯´ÊÈçrealize, understand£©¡£ D) ¼È¿ÉÓö¯Ãû´Ê£¬ÓÖ¿ÉÓò»¶¨Ê½£¬µ«Òâ˼²»Í¬

ÕâÀද´ÊÓУºremember, forget, regret, stop, go on, try, mean¡£

ÊԱȽÏ. a) Please remember to wake me up at six tomorrow morning. I remember seeing him somewhere before. b) The child has forgotten to bring the book home. The child will never forget visiting the museum at night. c) I regret to tell you that he failed to pass the exam. I regret telling you that he failed to pass the exam. d) Please stop talking. They stopped to take a rest. e) He thought for a while and went on telling the story. After doing Exercise 1, they went on to do Exercise 2. f) If you can¡¯t solve the problem, why not try solving it in my way? Try to get there on time no matter what happens. g) Sorry, I didn¡¯t mean to hurt your feeling.

Missing the train means waiting for another two hours.

×¢£º¼È¿ÉÓö¯Ãû´Ê£¬ÓÖ¿ÉÓò»¶¨Ê½£¬µ«Òâ˼²»Í¬µÄ´Ê»¹ÓÐwant, need, require¡£Èç¹ûËüÃǺóÃæ¸ú¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ»°£¬ÓõÄÊÇÖ÷¶¯ÐÎʽ£¬µ«ÊÂʵÊDZ»¶¯µÄº¬Ò壬¶øÓò»¶¨Ê½£¬ÔòÖ÷¶¯ÐÎʽ±íÖ÷¶¯ÒâÒ壬±»¶¯ÐÎʽ±í±»¶¯ÒâÒå¡£

»¹ÓÐhelpÒ»´Ê£¬ÔÚ´Ê×écan¡¯t help½âÊÍ?È̲»×¡?ʱ£¬ºóÓö¯Ãû´Ê£¬ÔÚhelp½âÊÍ?°ïÖú?ʱ£¬ºóÓò»¶¨Ê½£¬¶øÇÒto¿ÉÒÔÊ¡ÂÔ¡£ eg. She can¡¯t help crying at the news.

Mary can¡¯t help (to) do anything for us¡ªshe is only 5! E)½é´Ê±öÓï

¶¯Ãû´Ê¾­³£×÷Ϊ½é´ÊµÄ±öÓÔÚ¸´Ï°µÄʱºò£¬ÌرðÒªµ±ÐĽé´ÊtoºóµÄ±öÓï¡£ eg. He looks forward to seeing you again.

³£ÓõÄÒÔ½é´Êto½áβµÄ´Ê×éÓУºbe/get used to, devote...to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, object to, oppose to, stick to£¬accustom to µÈ¡£

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I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.

35

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

Ñ¡B¡£±¾Ì⿼µÄÊǶ¯Ãû´Ê×ö±öÓï¡£ÒòΪappreciateºóÃæÖ»¸úÃû´Ê¡¢¶¯Ãû´Ê»ò±öÓï´Ó¾ä£¬²»Äܸú²»¶¨Ê½¡£

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Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.

A. he¡¯d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby

D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

Ñ¡D¡£±¾¾ä¿¼²éµÄÊǾä×ӵĶԳơ£ÓÃandÁ¬½ÓµÄÁ½¸ö²¿·ÖÓ¦¸ÃÊǶԳƵġ£ÒòΪǰ°ë¾äÓö¯Ãû´Ê×öÖ÷ÓÄÇôºó°ë¾äÒ²¶ÔÓ¦µØÓö¯Ãû´Ê×÷Ö÷ÓÕâÑùµÄ½á¹¹±È½ÏºÃ¡£

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____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one¡¯s skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

Ñ¡C¡£±¾Ì⿼·ÇνÓﶯ´Ê×÷Ö÷Óï¡£ÔÚ·ÇνÓﶯ´ÊÖУ¬Ö»Óж¯Ãû´ÊºÍ²»¶¨Ê½ÄÜ×öÖ÷Ó·Ö´Ê²»ÄÜ×öÖ÷Óï¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸ù¾ÝÒâ˼?±»³¤Ê±¼äµØ±©Â¶ÔÚÑô¹âÏ»á¶ÔÈËµÄÆ¤·ôÓк¦?£¬ËùÒÔҪѡ¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ±»¶¯ÐÎʽ¡£

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The discovery of new evidence led to ____. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

Ñ¡C¡£±¾Ì⿼¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¡£ÒòΪ´Ê×élead to£¨¾äÖÐÊÇled to£©µÄtoÊǽé´Ê£¬ºóÃæÒª¸ú¶¯Ãû´Ê£¬Í¬Ê±»¹¿¼Âǵ½the thiefÓ붯´ÊcatchµÄ¹ØÏµÊǶ¯±ö¹ØÏµ£¬ËùÒÔÒªÓö¯Ãû´ÊµÄ±»¶¯ÐÎʽ¡£

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____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president¡¯s attending

Ñ¡D¡£Í¨¶ÁÈ«Ì⣬·¢ÏÖ±¾¾äȱÉÙÖ÷Ó¶øËù¸øµÄÑ¡ÏîÖУ¬Ö»ÓÐDºÏÊÊ£¬¼´¶¯Ãû´Ê×÷Ö÷Óï¡£A£¬DÁ½ÏîÊǴӾ䣬µ«Ã»ÓÐÁ¬´Ê£¬ËùÒÔ²»ÐС£

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Victor apologized for ____ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

Ñ¡C¡£±¾Ì⿼¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¼°·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽ¡£ÔÚ½é´Êforºó¸úµÄÊÇÓö¯Ãû´Ê¸´ºÏ½á¹¹µÄ±öÓËùÒÔB, DÁ½ÏîÅųý¡£¶¯Ãû´ÊµÄ·ñ¶¨£¬notÒª·ÅÔÚdoing֮ǰ£¬ËùÒÔAÏî´íÎó¡£

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He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn¡¯t risk ____ the good opportunity.

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