b)连词until的用法

eg. Wait there until I arrive..

Don’t leave there until I arrive.

c)when可连接并列句，意思为?就在那时?。

eg. Jasmine was holidaying in a wildlife park when she was bitten by on the leg by a bear.

He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder. d)while可连接并列句，意思为?而......?。

eg. The southerners eat rice while the northerners like noodles. 2．地点状语从句

A)连词：where, wherever

eg. I’ll pick you up where you get off the bus.

Mold grows quickly wherever it is warm and wet. Where/Wherever there is water, there is life. B)注意地点状语从句和定语从句的区别 eg. Go back where you came from. Go back to the place where you came from. 试译：他突然发现自己又回到了原来出发的地方了。

用定语从句：He suddenly found that he was back to the place where he had started.

用状语从句：He suddenly found that he was back where he had started. 3．原因状语从句

连词：because, since, as, now that

eg. We were late because there was a lot of traffic on the way. Since it’s Sunday today, there’re more people in the market.. As she has no car, she can’t get there easily. Now that you are tired, you must take a rest.

注意，在回答用Why提问的句子和强调句型（It is ... that）时，一般只用because，因为在这些连词中，because 最强调原因，而since, as, now that以及并列连词for所讲的原因，要么是双方都已经知道的原因，要么并不是直接原因。 4．目的状语从句

A)连词：that, so that, in order that

eg. He is keeping quiet that he may not disturb his father. Bring it closer so that I may/can see it better.

He studied harder in order that he might catch up with his classmates. B)目的状语从句可以用in order to或so as to转换。 eg. I got up early so that I might catch the early bus. → I got up early in order to catch the early bus.

C)在目的状语从句中，动词前一般要用can, could, may, might等助动词，有时也可用will或would。 5．结果状语从句

A)连词：that, so that, so... that, such...that

eg. What have I done that you should be so angry with me?

The boy climbed higher, so that he saw the roof of the building.

49

The moonlight was so bright that we didn’t need a flashlight. It was such a lovely day that we decided to go for a picnic. B)注意so... that与such... that的不同用法。 用such...that的句型是：such + adj. + n. that...

用so...that的句型是：so +adj./adv. that...。但是so...that的句型也可以在that前用名词，但只能是可数名词的单数（词序是：so + adj. + a + n. that...）。此外当句型中的形容词是many, much, few, little（少）时，也只能用so...that的句型。

eg. He is such a clever boy/so clever a boy that he can solve these problems very fast. There are so many people here that we don’t have enough seats for them. C)that与so that可以引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句，要区别这两种从句，只要看从句中的动词，因为在目的状语从句中，一般要用can, could, may, might等助动词，而结果状语从句中则不用。

eg. They worked night and day so that they might finish the building ahead of schedule.（目的）

They worked night and day so that they finished the building ahead of schedule.（结果）

6．条件状语从句

A)连词：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case等。 eg. If they don’t get here soon, we will leave without them.

He will not phone me, unless something unexpected happens.

注：用if或unless引导的从句经常可以互相转换。上面两个例子就可以变成： Unless they get here soon, we will leave without them.

He will not phone me if there’s nothing unexpected happens.或He will phone me if there’s something unexpected happens.

You can go out, as long as/so long as/ on condition that you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.

Call me immediately in case anything happens.

B)条件状语从句中一般要用现在时态来代替将来时态。 C)条件状语从句经常可以用?祈使句+ and/ or...?来转换。

eg. If you listen carefully, there won’t be any difficult points for you. →Listen carefully, and there won’t be any difficult points for you. No one will understand unless you speak slowly and clearly. →Speak slowly and clearly, or no one will understand.

*D)除了真实条件句之外，还有虚拟条件句，从句中的条件和结果都与事实相反。现在上海市的高考英语中，虚拟条件句只要求理解。 虚拟条件句的主要形式见下表： 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 将来的可能性几乎没有 7．方式状语从句

50

条件状语从句中动词 did had dong did/ should do/ were to do 主句中动词 should/would/could/might do should/would/could/might have done should/would/could/might do