Unit 8– Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. This kind of dance is basically a(n) (sequence) of steps that you repeat over and over again. 2. The man breathed a sigh of (relief) when he was told that everything had arrived in good condition.

3. The troops (retreated) to the nearby hills when they realized that they could not win.

4. He could not (restrain) himself any longer from losing his temper when he learned that his teenage son had skipped class again.

5. It hasn't rained for two months, and this will (inevitably) lead to the decline in rice production.

6. I think the (tendency) to give children too many toys and clothes is quite common in American families.

7. The car crash wasn't an accident; it was a(n) (deliberate) attempt to kill the driver.

8. When our employees are encouraged to participate in the decision-making (process) , they will be much more willing to carry out the decisions.

9. The impact of computer game violence may be (evident) immediately in the child's behavior or may be shown years later.

10. As the woman noticed that her car's brakes were failing, and she could not keep from crashing into the wall, her entire body became (rigid) with fear.

? Word Building 1. present 1. presently 2. cost 2. costly 3. dead 3. deadly 4. approximately 4. approximate 5. name 5. namely 6. scarcely 6. scarce 7. barely 7. bare 8. editor 8. edit 9. generate 9. generator 10. survivor 10. survive

1. I'm not sure of the exact number, but the (approximate) cost of this type of computer ranges from around $800 to $1000.

2. Oil transportation is dangerous to wildlife. Oil spills, possible when transporting oil by boat, are extremely (deadly) to sea life.

3. Please wait for a while; the manager is (presently) discussing the matter with the clients.

4. A college education can be very (costly) in the United States. Many students have to borrow money to help pay for college.

5. The ship's (generator) broke down, and the pumps had to be operated by hand without the help of electricity.

6. At the meeting, a(n) (bare) majority, 52 percent, agreed to build a highway through the forest, but nearly 40 percent were strongly against the idea.

7. As the number of people on earth increases, it becomes more difficult for the population to (survive) on the resources of the land.

8. Viewing and (editing) documents on a computer screen can be much quicker than working on paper.

9. There are three colors in the British flag, (namely) red, white and blue.

10. In this country, wood was (scarce) , so most houses were built of dried mud, with a roof supported by tree trunks. ? Banked Cloze There was a time when Whitney didn't have a lot of friends. All through high school, she just slipped in and out of \friendships where she didn't find a lot of comfort or (1) (companionship). When it was time for her to go to college, Whitney was nervous and (2) (scared) at the idea that she might have to go without friends. So, she was (3) (determined) to make a change. The first week of classes, something happened that (4) (transformed) Whitney's life

forever. In her English class, when asked to share their goals for the class, most of the students said their goal was to get a good grade, or pass the class. Whitney (5) (uttered) something entirely different: Her goal was to make just one good friend. To her (6) (relief), while most of the students sat in silence, one student came to Whitney and held out his hand and introduced himself. He asked if she would be his friend. The whole room was silent - all eyes (7) (focused) on Whitney and the hand held out just in front of her. She smiled and (8) (stretched) her hand out to take his and a friendship was formed. It was a friendship that lasted through college. It was a friendship from which a romance was (9) (nurtured). It was a friendship that brought two people together in marriage and (10) (steered) them through many good and bad times.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use 1. The findings show (1) (in) general (2)

(terms) that the same problem begins sooner in the country than in towns.

2. We dashed to the bus station and barely got on the bus when it (pulled away) . 3. Somewhat (1) (to) my (2)

(relief) , the police has finally decided to eliminate my brother from their list of suspects.

4. A child may (be born with) serious handicaps or developmental problems which require extended periods of care.

5. Samuel had been seen as a problem student. However, after he saved the life of the little girl, people began to look at him (in a new light) .

6. Arriving in London (on a mission) to stop the war, he visited the Prime Minister to seek help. 7.

(In comparison) with the other applicants, the last girl we interviewed was much more skilled and intelligent.

8. I had forgotten my mother's birthday. So the next day I bought her a bundle of flowers to (make up for) it.

9. The movie was over and the crowds (spilled out) into the street. 10.

(At the time) , the company was fighting to survive and was forced to lay off engineers as it cut back on costs.

? Translation

? 英译汉

As the world's only truly universal global organization, the United Nations (UN) has become the foremost forum to address issues that transcend (超越) national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country acting alone. The initial goals of the UN are safeguarding (保护) peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress. In recent years, the UN has been faced with new challenges, such as climate change, international terrorism and AIDS. While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its primary efforts, the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide range of activities to improve people's lives around the world — from disaster relief, through education and advancement of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy. The UN and its specialized agencies have helped the world become a more hospitable (热情友好的) and livable place and brought great benefits to people around the world.

作为世界上唯一一个真正具有普遍性的世界组织，联合国已经成为处理超越国界、而且任何一个国家都无法独立解决的问题的首要论坛。联合国最初的宗旨是维护和平、保护人权、建立国际公平正义的框架以及促进经济和社会进步。近年来，联合国又面临着新的挑战，诸如气候变化、国际恐怖主义和艾滋病等。现在，解决争端及维护和平仍然是联合国最主要的任务。除此之外，联合国及其专门机构还致力于各种旨在改进世界人民生活的活动，从赈灾到教育和妇女进步，再到原子能的和平使用。联合国及其专门机构推动世界成为一个更加友好、更加宜居的地方，为全世界人民带来了福祉。

? 汉译英

新中国成立后，中国坚持（persist in）独立自主的和平外交政策，在外交领域取得了巨大成就。截至2011年，中国已与172个国家建立了外交关系（diplomatic relations）。近年来，随着中国综合国力的提升（enhancement），中国在国际事务中的作用越来越重要，中国的国际地位得到进一步提升。在地区性事务中，中国积极推动各种区域合作，为维护地区和平、促进地区发展作出了重要贡献。中国外交（diplomacy）将高举\和平、发展、合作、共赢\的旗帜（banner），在和平共处五项原则的基础上，通过全面发展同各国的友好合作，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China's international status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. China's diplomacy will hold high the banner of \Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Unit 8– Section B

? Language Focus – Words in Use 1. Nearly one-third of the people we interviewed think people from different cultures shouldn't get married, claiming that they cannot be (compatible) .

2. Telecommunications technologies have been (integrated) into everyday life so deeply that modern society could not function without them.

3. For a long time the US was regarded as a melting pot. This meant that all the (diverse) elements would be melted down into 100% American.

4. Out-of-town tourists (constitute) about a third of the amazing annual figure of six million visitors.

5. The discovery of the new drug is of great (significance) for people suffering from heart problems.

6. Having expensive equipment doesn't actually (guarantee) that you can play golf, and in order to play it well, you might have to take a few lessons.

7. Introducing a new product into the market is a highly (complicated) business, which calls for careful planning.

8. Many young women are so (keen) on keeping themselves in shape that they take dieting to extremes.

9. This organization's aim is to (enhance) the quality of life and employment opportunities of people with disabilities.

10. I would like to thank those organizations that have chosen to (extend) their help to sufferers from AIDS. Answer

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. Local farmers regard the black soils as a \and have the ability to support (a range of) crops.

2. I spent many nights pacing (back and forth) in the library, trying to define a topic for my essay and choose my arguments.

3. As a famous actress, Caroline is always surrounded by a loving audience and (showered with) gifts from them.

4. In his speech, he expressed his (debt of gratitude/debt of thanks) to all the people who had

supported his work.

5. We will do our best to provide you with good services, and I hope you will (be at home/feel at home) when you stay in our hotel.

6. A new variety of English has (come into being) as more and more foreign speakers of the language are using it.

7. Being able to determine the main idea of a passage is one of the most useful skills you can (apply to) any kind of reading. 8.

(A lack of) support from the public has led many public school teachers to leave the profession.

? Sentence structure 1.

(让我感到十分吃惊的是), she had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her. Reference: Much to my surprise 2.

(让总经理感到高兴的是), quite a number of business partners showed interest in this new project.

Reference: To the general manager's delight 3.

(让我表妹感到很失望的是), no one in the room found her joke amusing. Reference: Much to my cousin's disappointment