Unit 6– Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. Studies (indicate) that children who often take part in cooperative programs benefit a lot more than other children.

2. They are such a(n) (conventional) family — they must have been shocked when their son dyed (染) his hair pink.

3. Testing students by examinations has long been regarded as a reliable way to (assess) students' ability.

4. Many power stations have been modernized to give off less pollution, or they were moved further away from the living areas in order to (decrease) the damage.

5. Unemployment has come down slightly, but this does not (alter) the fact that it is still a major problem.

6. Mr. Smith is not doing well; the doctor told us that several colds (has undermined) his health. 7. The best way to deal with problems at home is to talk things out calmly and honestly and try to reach a(n) (compromise) .

8. Darwin's theory of evolution remains (controversial) partly because it challenges the religious belief that God created man.

9. It was reported the president had (resolved) to fight if war was necessary, even if it meant destroying his chances of re-election.

10. I had to (abandon) one of my email accounts as it was filled with junk mail.

? Word Building 1. represent 1. representation 2. form 2. formation 3. occupation 3. occupy 4. solve 4. solution 5. persuade 5. persuasion 6. transmit 6. transmission 7. productive 7. productivity 8. original 8. originality 9. flexibility 9. flexible 10. secure 10. security 11. simple 11. simplicity 12. prosperous 12. prosperity

1. You can often come up with a(n) (solution) to a problem by looking at it from a different angle or thinking about it in another way.

2. These days we are so accustomed to instant communication that it is hard to imagine the excitement when cables (电缆) were used for the (transmission) of telegraph messages in the19th century.

3. A country's future (prosperity) depends, to a degree, upon the quality of education of its people.

4. I understood that my primary goal had to be the (formation) of a new bond between the students and me.

5. Some schools offer teachers (flexible) working hours, recognizing their need to balance work and private life.

6. He was (occupied) with his business matters and didn't have time to think about a holiday. 7. When he was young, he used to copy the style of a famous artist, so there was little (originality) in his early works.

8. Due to increased (productivity) , the past decade saw great economic growth in China. 9. For the purpose of (simplicity) , we labeled each sample with a number.

10. My husband did not like traveling, so it took me a great deal of (persuasion) to make him go on a trip to Africa with me.

11. In many cultures, eggs are an obvious symbol of new life, and the newborn chicks are a lovely

(representation) of new growth.

12. Every time you respond to your baby's cries with comfort and love, you're showing to him that his world is safe. This helps him develop a strong sense of (security) .

? Banked Cloze

Nowadays college education cost is rising sharply. More and more college students have to work in order to (1) (generate) income to support themselves. But how can you prevent working from (2) (interfering)with your study?

Firstly, plan your class and work (3) (schedules) as far ahead as possible. Arrange your classes in a way so that you have one or two days for work.

Secondly, use time well instead of (4) (burning) the midnight oil. Studying late until midnight may make you tired and take a(n) (5) (consistent) toll on your health. Use those 10 minutes waiting for the bus to read a few more pages. If your job has a lot of downtime (自由支配时间), use the (6) (opportunity) to do school assignments. Never try to cut corners by copying assignments from other students.

Thirdly, set a goal for your academic performance. You'll probably have to (7) (decrease) your work hours, or even, if possible and necessary, (8) (withdraw) from the workforce to be successful in study. After all, it is not a good idea to risk (9) (compromising) your student career with part-time jobs.

Fourthly, inform all your professors, teaching assistants and employers about your situation so that they can be (10) (flexible) as well. Winning their support is the best way to keep them on your side.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. The new government has committed to (cutting back on) emissions of greenhouse gases. 2. My parents do not object to my taking part-time jobs, but they remind me not to let them (interfere with) my school work.

3. Anger, worry, disappointment, these negative emotions (take a toll on) your heart, brain and body.

4. If a person adopts an unhealthy lifestyle, he will surely be (at risk of) developing diseases. 5. Most people were ready to give up on him when he (dropped out) of school, but later he returned and earned his degree.

6. Drinking too much can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure, which (in turn) can lead to heart attack or stroke.

7. Low-cost airlines are emerging all over Asia; this will (contribute to) the development of the world's air-travel market as a whole.

8. When you move to a new country, you may find the food there strange and you may miss the familiar smells of the food you

(are accustomed to) in your own country.

9. Although he kept trying and failing, I always (held on to) the belief that he would succeed one day.

10. The tax only affects people with an annual income over $200,000 — (in other words) , it will only affect the very rich. ? Translation

? 英译汉

Gap year (间隔年) refers to a period of time —not necessarily a year — in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承担) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study. The practice of taking a year

out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception (例外). But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans. Some 40,000 American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006. Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期) admission.

间隔年指的是学生休假不去上学而去旅游或工作等的一段时间，但不一定是一年。间隔年通常选在高中毕业和进入大学之前的一段时间。在这段时间里，学生可以旅游、参加志愿者工作或者在国外边打工边度假。一种新潮流是参加集语言学习、住家、文化交流、社区服务和自主学习于一体的国际教育活动。间隔年的做法于20世纪60年代兴起于英国。它在英国、澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大已经变得非常流行。但是在美国，间隔年的做法仍然只是个别现象。不过近年来，间隔年对美国人来说变得稍微普遍起来。2013年有大约四万美国学生参加了间隔年活动，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯顿大学、哈佛大学、麻省理工学院等大学都有明文规定允许学生延迟入学。

? 汉译英

改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（revitalize the country），全面提倡素质教育 (quality-oriented education)。同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面：一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（nine-year compulsory education），另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（mass higher education）。教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。近年来，为适应社会、经济发展的需要，中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。

Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. China's achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. The development of education has made significant contributions to China's economic development and social progress. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.

Unit 6– Section B

? Language Focus – Words in Use 1. The program aims to meet the needs of different students. It provides courses for both beginners and

(advanced) students.

2. The shock was (tremendous) when she was found out to have a tumor, and even more so when doctors suggested that it was life-threatening.

3. He denies the university's (claim) that he cheated in two tests through having knowledge of the questions in advance.

4. You'd have to (endure) the unbearable pain while the doctors are on their way to your help. 5. To (relieve) stress, she turned to painting, an activity she has loved since childhood. 6. All roadwork during rush hours should be stopped to (ensure) the smooth flow of traffic.

7. In selecting applicants for jobs, they give preference to those who have worked in the (relevant) field for no less than two years.

8. Having studied your report carefully, I am (convinced) that your solution is much better than mine.

9. When giving a lecture, Frank often prepared some pictures to (illustrate) how a situation mentioned in the text took place.

10. A report released last week by the United Nations shows that the unemployment rate in this country has

(soared) from about 3% to 6.5%.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use 1.

(In spite of) the depressing economic forecasts, business people are all confident about the future. 2. More than 200 fans were waiting at the airport late in the evening in the hope that they would (catch a glimpse of /get a glimpse of /have a glimpse of) their favorite pop singer.

3. In our country, nurses in hospitals are mostly female while male nurses (are in the minority/are in a minority) .

4. Many people like shopping online because it (1) (relieves) them (2)

(of) the trouble of driving to the shops and finding parking places.

5. Advertising isn't just (a matter of) supplying information to consumers, but a business that seeks to use the most advanced techniques to influence society. 6.

(As for) those who are attending university at an older age, to study hard will be their priority rather than anything else.

7. She (is envious of) her sister's beauty all the time, so it is hard for the sisters to get along. 8. When I (look back) , I see how easy, comfortable, and pleasant my life was, and I took it all for granted!

? Sentence structure 1.

(考虑到你没有得到多少帮助), I think you did very well in the research. Reference: Given that you had very little help 2.

(考虑到学生们在课堂上学过如何做那项实验), the teacher allowed them to do it by themselves in the lab.

Reference: Given that students had learned how to do the experiment in class

3. Although the statistics show the number of teenagers using tobacco has started to decline, experts say the number is still disturbing

(鉴于近90%的成年人吸烟者从18岁或18岁以前就开始吸烟了).

Reference: given that nearly 90% of adult smokers began smoking at or before the age of 18