Unit 4– Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. Fortunately, the accident didn't (involve) many people, for there was little traffic at that hour. 2. She (fulfilled) her ambition of becoming a fashion designer after years of hard work.

3. They kept on trying their best to develop their business, but in such (intense) market competition, they had no idea if success would come along one day.

4. As music plays an important role in our life, many music teachers and educators (advocate) taking up a musical instrument at a young age.

5. This rule should be entirely clear in the minds of everyone and should not be misunderstood under any

(circumstances) .

6. My daughter was shy; she was afraid to ask questions, (respond) to questions in class, or talk with other children.

7. I got from him only a letter, which was put on my office desk; (subsequent) to the receipt of this letter I have never heard from him.

8. The duties to provide services for children in need are not (confined) to the local social services department.

9. We pray that all nations be (reconciled) and that all people around the world live in peace. 10. He suggested a small but (distinct) improvement on our former plan; I really appreciate it.

? Word Building 1. agree 1. agreeable / agreement 2. apply 2. applicable 3. desire 3. desirable 4. sustain 4. sustainable 5. compare 5. comparable 6. accept 6. acceptance 7. attend 7. attendance 8. assist 8. assistance 9. entertainment 9. entertain 10. assignment 10. assign 11. engage 11. engagement

1. If you have difficulty finding a particular book, please ask one of the librarians for (assistance) .

2. My recent experience is so different from your experience several decades ago that they are not

(comparable) .

3. Few people knew that the famous writer was largely self-taught through broad reading and (attendance) at public lectures.

4. They are planning to establish a new department which bases its teaching on the idea of direct

(engagement) with students.

5. His proposal sounds attractive, but unfortunately it is not (applicable) to the management problems of a small company.

6. The young engineer has been working hard to fulfill the task (assigned) to him by the director.

7. Our program aims to help high-school graduates to find the best colleges for them and gain (acceptance) to the college of their choice.

8. Good movies not only (entertain) us, but also help us understand a little more about life.

9. He is delighted to find out that both his father and mother are (agreeable) to his studying abroad.

10. We must take (sustainable) development into consideration when using the rich resources in our country.

11. To do the job of the sales representative for our company, it is (desirable) that you know something about medicine as well as about the market

? Banked Cloze

In January 2011, Daniel Hernandez saved congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords' life in a mass shooting in Tucson. He kept her alive by (1) (applying) pressure to her wounds and speaking (2) (tender) words of sympathy until medical people arrived. He was (3) (hailed) as a hero by the public. Although his devotion to public service is (4) (remarkable), in his book They Call Me a Hero: A Memoir of My Youth, Hernandez insists that he is not a hero.

Hernandez said that he initially resisted the idea of writing a book about his experience on that day of enormous (5) (tragedy). \\

However, Hernandez, now a school board member, had come to realize that he would be interested in writing a book (8) (focusing) on his public service.\some big challenges, and I want young people to know that they need to face challenges and (9) (involve) themselves in their communities.\

When asked if he had any plan with a second book, Hernandez said his major purpose at present was to continue to serve his community and pursue his passion as a(n) (10) (advocate) for education. \

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. She held her hand above her eyes to (1)

(shield) them (2) (from) the sun so that she could see more clearly the man in front of her.

2. The boy studied the signs for over an hour, but still could not (make sense of) them, so he turned to his teacher for help.

3. They (called on) the developed countries to commit more money to protecting the environment.

4. We will continue to care for those (in need) and work to establish a society that is generous and prosperous.

5. Many people (are caught up in/get caught up in) careers and raising kids so that they forget that their marriages also need to be taken good care of.

6. My most favorite program is the one that deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can

(relate to) .

7. Finally, I would like to (sum up) by saying that it has been a tremendous pleasure to work with you all.

8. He is a person that you can always (count on) when you need help.

9. Betty loves reading. (In her words/In the words of Betty) , \thing in the world.\

10. This restaurant is very popular because it has some separate, smaller rooms (reserved for) families with small children. ? Translation

? 英译汉

As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the Chinese people. He traveled extensively (广泛地) with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. His book The Travels of Marco Polo depicts his journeys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan. From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages of discovery and conquest (征服). In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. Marco Polo's story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.

作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可?波罗可能是中国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。从1271 年到1295 年，他和他的家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间，他在中国留居了17 年。他的著作《马可?波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首次全面领略了包括中国、印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。从他的文字叙述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火药、印刷术、纸币以及丝绸。在15 世纪末和16 世纪欧洲发现与征服的大航海时代，马可?波罗所记录的大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。在他去世后的这几个世纪里，马可?波罗获得了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。马可?波罗的故事鼓舞了其他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。

? 汉译英

郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元1405 年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（border defense）和开展海上贸易，派郑和下西洋（the Western Seas）。在此后的28 年里，郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有10 多万人，访问了30 多个国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。郑和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壮举，它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（national strength and prestige），加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。

Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the world's navigation history. It showed Zheng He's outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.

Unit 4– Section B

? Language Focus – Words in Use 1. A heavy flood caused the bridge to (collapse) ; now, no one can cross the river without boats. 2. Susan has been crying a lot since her sister died a year ago; it seems that she could never (heal) from the heavy loss.

3. It's sometimes considered bad manners to (lean) on the table while eating, so please be careful not to do so.

4. After crying for some time, she looked at her face (reflected) in the mirror, only to find she was such a sad and plain-looking girl.

5. I had to hold tightly the handrails (扶手) along the hall to keep myself from losing my balance on the (slippery) floor.

6. The man phoned the police and later went to the police station to look at photos to (identify) the robbers.

7. The imperial examination system, which started in the Sui Dynasty, was (abolished) in 1905. 8. Many smokers choose to (ignore) the fact that smoking is harmful to health and refuse to stop smoking.

9. He no longer had a(n) (aspiration) for further education because he thought the costs were too high.

10. Although she often seemed quite cold and strict, her smiling eyes (betrayed) her true nature.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use 1. Almost everybody needs someone to (lean on) in times of trouble. That's why we value friendship so much.

2. The taxi driver had to (pull over) to the side of the road when a policeman began to follow him for speeding.

3. The general manager (is grateful for) the generous support that has led to this successful result.

4. The ditches (沟) were (filled up with) mud and garbage again after the pouring rain.

5. When the match was over, the football fans (broke through) the barriers and rushed onto the football field.

6. Seeing a child running across the street, the driver slammed on the brakes and (1) (brought) his car (2)

(to a halt) just in time to avoid an accident.

7. The key is to do your work with a certain skill and hold fast without (letting go of) your target.

8. The blind old woman (held on) to the little girl's hand tightly when they crossed the street. 9. I was not keen on the stage play at all, so I just (turned off) and started to exchange text messages with my friends.

10. They wanted to make the popular science fiction into a film, but another studio (beat them to it) .

? Sentence structure 1.

(和他一起站在农舍前面的是) a woman in an elegant dress. Reference: Standing alongside him in front of a farmhouse was 2.

(棚屋里面挂着的是) fruits and vegetables, including apples, grapes and corn. Reference: Hung inside the hut are

3. The strange man came into the house. (沾满了泥的是) his shoes.

Reference: Covered with mud were