3． 名词
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner. 每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。 (二) 把短语翻译成句子 1． 名词短语
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 2． 介词短语
Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.
如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。 二． 合句法
（一） 把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.
从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
（二） 把原文中的主从复合句译成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。 练习:
Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.
美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry. 电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.
由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。 Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.
与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century. 随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.
某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.
纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。 Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.
虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。 The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.
科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术，因为昂贵的高质牛肉市场庞大 分句、合句法
很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 I.分句法
汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子： 例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)
译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. 例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)
译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.
例4. 我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)
译文： We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the People’s Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译) 译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation. II.合句法
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同，尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但是从句套从句，短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言，一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子，因此，我们在做汉译英的时候，常常把汉语的两个句子，甚至更多句子，合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子：
例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)
译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.
例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)
译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
翻译策略减词法
减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。如“他们开始研究近况，分析近况”中的两个“近况”可以省略一个，只译成They began to study and analyze the recent situation. 因为原汉语句中的两个“近况”是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recent situation，不仅显得罗嗦也不符合英文表达习惯。
例1 这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行。 译文：This system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise.（省略原文中重复出现的词语）
例2 我们要解决失业问题。考试大论坛
译文：We should reduce unemployment.（省略范畴词“问题”）
例3 She laughed and then shrugged her shoulders. 译文：她大笑起来，然后耸了耸肩。（省略物主代词“her”）
另外，有些汉语里的词语如果译成英文反而会影响英语修饰效果，必须在译成英文时省去。如：“活到老，学到老”应该怎么翻译呢？
译文1：If we could live an old age, we should keep learning at the old age. 译文2：We’d better keep on learning even though we are old. 译文3：Live and learn.
上面三种译法，大家认为哪一种可取呢？前两种是逐字翻译，将“老”字译出来，虽然说理解上不受影响，但总觉得说话拖泥带水，松散无力。“活到老，学到老”是表示一种坚持不懈的精神，即：人无时无刻要学习。译文3没有把“老”译出来，看似不忠于原文，但却充分传达了原文鼓励大家不懈努力，坚持学习的精神，而且语言生动简练，表达有力度，也符合英语习惯。所以说，这句用减词法恰到好处。
Exercise
1. The new mayor was charged ______________（未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺）.