at us and walked back to his poles． 365

（1）The writer began to feel worried when________． A. Alice accepted a gift B. Alice sat near the man C. the girls played in the surf D. the girls watched the man fishing．

（2）What does Alice think of the man？________ A. He is her friend．

C. He is her mother's friend．

（3）From the passage， we can infer（推断）that the writer often________． A. watches others fish B. meets some strange things C. goes to the beach with her kids D. tells her kids not to talk to strangers．

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell﹣phones are thrown away each

year． Cell﹣phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants． The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole．

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver． A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration （含量） of gold and other precious metals was higher in So﹣called e﹣waste than in naturally happening minerals． Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals． Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances （物质）to escape into the environment．

Creating products out of materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products． Consider again the cell﹣phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging it came in． Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well．

The U． S． Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that \﹣as well as management of the resulting waste﹣all result in greenhouse gas release． \creating less waste at the start﹣for example, buying reusable products and recycling． In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or

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B. He is interesting． D. He is a bad man．．

has been put in place as an incentive （动机） for reducing waste． If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place

Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money． Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （气泡垫） that encased your television

From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended（扩大的） producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．

（1）By mentioning the Swiss study， the author wants to tell us that________． A. the weight of e﹣goods is rather small B. E﹣waste deserves to be made good use of C. natural minerals contain more precious metals

D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e﹣waste．

（2）The responsibility of e﹣waste treatment should be extended________． A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments．

（3）What is the passage mainly about？________ A. The increase in e﹣waste． B. The creation of e﹣waste． C. The seriousness of e﹣waste． D. The management of e﹣waste．

Here are two methods that people use to make choices． One method is to compare the options（可选择的物品） with each other and choose the best one． The other is to evaluate each option individually and then pick the best one． Experts are more likely to evaluate the options individually, while ordinary people tend to compare the options Researches show that it is easier for people to make choices when they are being

compared． Imagine buying a new dictionary． You find out that a particular dictionary has 50, 000 words in it． Suppose, though, that you find out that another dictionary only has 25, 000 words in it． Now, you know that 50, 000 words is a good number for a dictionary to have．

New research shows that when people compare options, they also get more confident in their judgments． To get participants in their studies in a ________ to make

comparisons, researchers had people look at a complex picture and write down the

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similarities and differences between two halves of the picture． Other participants

evaluated（评价） the picture without making comparisons． Previous work shows that this technique gets people to make comparisons in later tasks．

After that , participants were shown descriptions of three brands（品牌） of cell phones （labeled Brands A, B and C）． They had a chance to study the descriptions． Later, they were shown fourteen of the characteristics they had seen and were asked whether those characteristics belonged to Brand B． With each response, participants were allowed to place a bet between 0 and 10 dollars based on how confident they were in their

response． The higher the bet, the more confident the people were that they knew whether the characteristic belonged to Brand B． People who were put in a mindset to make comparisons were more confident in their judgments about the characteristics of the cell phones than people who did not make comparisons． Despite the difference in

confidence, the people who made comparisons were not more accurate in their judgments than those who did not make comparisons．

This research suggests that we need to be careful when making decisions． On the one hand, we are quite likely to rely on comparing the options in order to make a choice． On the other hand, those comparisons will increase our feeling of confidence in the

decision． So, we need to recognize that at least part of that confidence comes from the way the choice was made．

（1）Why does the writer mention a dictionary in Paragraph 2？________ A. To explain a truth．

C. To prove the writer's opinion．

（2）The underlined word \． A. change

（3）The participants who evaluated the picture by making comparisons________． A. preferred Brand B C. gave a quicker answer

（4）What is the best title for the passage？________ A. Evaluation Decides Option B. Compare the Options C. Decision Roots in Judgment D. Comparison Creates Confidence．

四、阅读回答（共10分，每小题10分）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．

The Boy Made It!

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B. To draw a conclusion． D. To raise a question．．

B. relationship C. thought D. decision．

B. placed a higher bet D. made more choices．

One Sunday， Nicholas， a teenager， went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine． In the early afternoon， when he was planning to go home， a strong snowstorm swept into the area． Unable to see far， he turned off the path by accident． Before he knew it， Nicholas was lost， all alone! He didn't have food， water， a phone， or other supplies． He was getting colder by the minute．

Nicholas didn't know where he was． He tried to keep calm． He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV． It was time to put the tips he had learned to use． He decided to stop skiing． There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed out． The first thing he did was to find shelter（遮盖物）from the freezing wind and snow so his body temperature wouldn't get very low to kill him．

Using his skis， Nicholas built a snow cave． He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle． Then he put branches on himself， like a blanket， to stay as warm as he could．

By that evening， Nicholas was really hungry． He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so his body wouldn't lose too much water． Not knowing how long he could last， Nicholas did the only thing he could ﹣ he huddled （蜷缩） in his cave and slept．

The next day， Nicholas went out to look for help but found nobody． He returned to the snow cave ﹣ without shelter， he could die that night． On Tuesday， Nicholas went out again to find help． He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him． After two days stuck in the snow， Nicholas was saved．

Nicholas might not have survived had it not been for TV． He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs． Wild． That's where he learned the tips saved his life． In each episode （一期节目） of Man vs． Wild， Grylls is left in a wild area and has to find his way out．

When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing story， he was surprised that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive． （1）Was Nicholas a teenager when the strong storm happened？ ________

（2）What did Nicholas think about when he tried to keep calm？ ________

（3）How did he stay warm in the snow cave？ ________

（4）How long was he stuck in the snow？ ________

（5）What is the passage mainly about？ ________

书面表达（共10分）五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．

假如你是李华，你们学校将要举办英语角活动，你打算邀请外教老师Tom作为辅导教师参加，并针对同学们英语学习方面的问题给予指导．请用英语写 一封电子邮件，告诉 Tom 活动的时间和地点，参加活动同学的数量，以及你们在英语学习方面存在的问题．

提示词语：in the hall， remember new words， give advice

提示问题：● When and where will you have the English Corner？ ? How many students will take part in it？

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