年产4万吨的生物柴油

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摘要

生物柴油是典型的“绿色能源”，具有环保性能好、发动机启动性能好、燃料性能好、原料来源广泛、具有可再生性等特性。生物柴油因其环境友好且可再生作为矿物柴油的替代燃料而备受关注。本项目综述了近年来国内外生物柴油生产及应用等相关领域的研究进展，针对不同的原料油及其相对应的生产技术和应用性质进行了评述，报告了生物柴油的国内外现状、类型及特征、生产机理及方法；重点介绍了开发环境友好加工工艺方面的研究情况。对生物柴油的市场需求进行了详细的调查和分析，确定了以非食用油资源为原料来生产4万吨/年的生物柴油方案。根据现有生产生物柴油的生产工艺的可行性分析，采用了碱催化转酯法进行了工艺设计，在物料平衡和能量平衡的基础上作了主生产线上生产设备的设计。

关键词：废弃油脂 生物柴油 碱催化转酯法 物料衡算 热量衡算

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ABSTRACT

Biodiesel is a typical \the engine starts performance is good, good performance, fuel sources of the raw materials have widely, reproducibility and other characteristics. Biodiesel because of its environment friendly and renewable alternative fuel as mineral diesel and been concerned. The project at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed biodiesel production and application in the field of related research progress, in view of the different raw materials oil and its corresponding production technology and application properties are reviewed in this paper, and the report of the biodiesel situation at home and abroad, the types and characteristics of the production, mechanism and methods; Focusing on the development environment friendly technology research. For biofuels market demand carried on the detailed investigation and analysis, identifies the cooking oil resources as raw material to produce 40000 tons/year biodiesel scheme. According to the current production was born.

Key words:Waste oil;Biodiesel;Alkali catalytic turn ester method;Material balance calculations;Energy balance calculations;

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目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... II 第一章绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1项目的提出背景 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2项目的意义 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3生物柴油的优点及与矿物柴油的差异性 ............................................................... 2 1.3.1生物柴油的优点 ................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2生物柴油与柴油的差异性 ................................................................................ 2 1.4生物柴油的特性及应用 ........................................................................................... 3 1.4.1生物柴油的特性 ................................................................................................ 3 1.4.2生物柴油的应用 ................................................................................................ 3 1.5生物柴油的发展现状 ............................................................................................... 3 1.5.1国内生物柴油的生产及发展现状 .................................................................... 3 1.5.2国外生物柴油的生产及发展现状 .................................................................... 4 1.5.3生物柴油的发展前景 ........................................................................................ 5 第二章 原料及工艺的选择确定 ....................................................................................... 6 2.1现生物柴油的生产原料 ........................................................................................... 6 2.2现生物柴油的制备技术及催化剂的使用情况 ....................................................... 6 2.2.1酸碱催化法 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2.2生物酶催化法 .................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3超临界法 .......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.4 其他方法 ......................................................................................................... 10 2.3现生物柴油的制备方法的优缺点 ......................................................................... 12 2.4本项目原料及工艺方案的确定 ............................................................................. 12 2.5本项目的工艺设计与工艺流程 ............................................................................. 13 2.5.1工艺设计 .......................................................................................................... 13 2.5.2工艺流程 .......................................................................................................... 13 2.6产品指标 ................................................................................................................. 14 第三章 物料衡算 ............................................................................................................. 15 3.1衡算意义 ................................................................................................................. 15 3.2衡算基准 ................................................................................................................. 15 3.3生产工艺参数 ......................................................................................................... 15

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3.4物料衡算过程 ......................................................................................................... 16 3.4.1物料反应式 ...................................................................................................... 16 3.4.2计算过程 .......................................................................................................... 16 3.5物料衡算数据总结 ................................................................................................. 19 第四章 能量衡算 ........................................................................................................... 20 4.1能量衡算的目的 ..................................................................................................... 20 4.2能量衡算总体思路 ................................................................................................. 20 4.3能量计算过程 ......................................................................................................... 20 4.3.1反应器的能量衡算 .......................................................................................... 20 4.3.2单效降膜蒸发器的能量衡算 .......................................................................... 23 第五章主要设备的设计与选型 ....................................................................................... 25 5.1原料预热器的设计计算 ......................................................................................... 25 5.2一级箱式混和澄清槽设计说明 ............................................................................. 25 5.2.1设计条件 .......................................................................................................... 25 5.2.2设计计算 .......................................................................................................... 26 5.3反应器设计计算 ..................................................................................................... 29 5.3.1反应器计算 ...................................................................................................... 29 5.3.2搅拌器计算 ...................................................................................................... 30 5.3.3管径的计算： .................................................................................................. 31 5.3.4传动轴设计计算 .............................................................................................. 32 5.4泵的计算和选型 ..................................................................................................... 32 5.5主要设备的设计选型汇总 ..................................................................................... 33 致谢 ................................................................................................................................... 35 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................... 36

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