11类翻译主题词汇

一、中国历史

四大文明古国one of the four ancient civilizations 人类文明史the history of human civilization

源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history 朝代dynasty

古都 ancient capital

随着时间的推移 as time goes by 远古时代ancient times 原始社会primitive society

春秋时代 the Spring and Autumn Period 战国 the Warring States 封建社会 feudal society

皇帝、君主emperor, monarch

历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past 在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars 抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion

五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919 在......世纪初at the beginning of...century 迄今为止up till now

追溯到 to date/trace back to

来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in 发源地 birthplace

兴起于......, 兴盛于......to emerge in... and prosper in... 保存最完好的best-preserved 原址original site

国家博物馆national museum

皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign 诸侯国kingdom

勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people 退位 to give up the throne 帝王宫殿imperial palace 以......命名to be named after 历史人物history figure 阳历 solar calendar 阴历 lunar calendar 天干 heavenly stem 地支earthly branch 闰年 leap year

二、中国文化概述

重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage 优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts

文化产业 culture industry 文化底蕴cultural deposit 文化事业cultural undertaking 文化交流 cultural exchange 文化冲击 cultural shock 文化差异 cultural difference

独特的艺术价值 unique artistic values 诚实守信honesty

爱国主义精神 patriotism 国宝 national treasure 文物 cultural relics

华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors 中华民族the Chinese nation 传统美德 traditional virtues 文人 men of letter 雅士 refined scholar

才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 高雅艺术refined /high art

中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars 古为今用to make the past serve the present 洋为中用to make the foreign serve China 无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times 文明摇篮 cradle of civilization 古文明 ancient civilization

博大精深 to be extensive and profound

享有......的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for 被誉为......to be honored/crowned as

占重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负......的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of...... 与......密不可分to be closely associated with...... 最广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture 促进世界和平 to promote would peace 增进友谊 to enhance friendship

文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities 民族特性和价值观 national identity and value

在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place 促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture 促进交流 to promote exchanges 蓬勃发展 to flourish

丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful 风俗习惯 custom 禁忌 taboo

尊敬老人 to respect the elderly

赡养老人 to support/take care of parents

继承 to inherit

后人later generation

强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body 益寿延年 to prolong life 保佑平安 to keep sb. Safe 象征意义 symbolic meaning

象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings 审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste

三、中国传统文化

中医药 traditional Chinese medicine 中草药 herbal medicine

望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 症状 symptom

重大发明 a significant invention

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder

印刷术 paper-making 指南针the compass

文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study 笔、墨、纸、砚brush, ink stick, ink stone 汉字 Chinese character 笔划 stroke

普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 书法calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 武术martial arts 中国功夫Kung Fu 太极 Tai Chia 孔子 Confucius 孟子Mencius

思想学派school of thought 思想核心 the core of ideology 代表人物 representative 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 和尚、僧人monk 寺庙temple 伊斯兰教 Islam 清真寺mosque 宗教 religion 建筑 architecture 钟楼bell tower

牌坊 memorial archway

兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 丝绸之路 the Silk Road 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛the Temple of Heaven 民间故事 folk tale 寓言 fable 传说 legend

凡间human world 京剧 Peking Opera 脸谱 mask

正面角色 positive role 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 杂技 acrobatics 相声 cross-talk

说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing 说书 story-telling

传统工艺品 traditional handicraft 形状不一 to be of different shapes 材质各异 various material 质地坚硬 hard texture 造型生动 vivid figure 色彩丰富 rich colors

风格独特 characteristic/unique style 刺绣 embroidery 泥人clay figure

瓷器 porcelain；china 陶器 pottery; earthenware 青铜器 bronze ware 雕刻 to carve 图章 seal

四、中国传统节日

春节 the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year 除夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve 年夜饭 annual reunion dinner 拜年 to pay a new year call

探亲访友to (pay a) visit to relative and friends 亲朋好友 relatives and friends

大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house

驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难 to ward off evils

发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes