written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with \（有保留地）.

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

1）Consider the context of what is written. 2）Question assertions made by the author.

3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject. 4）Analyze assumptions made by the author. 5）Evaluate the sources the author uses. 6）Identify any possible author bias.

语法学习

1.把握结构，理解内涵 2.结合例句，结合文章 关系副词引导的定语从句

①先行名词+where/ in（on/at） which

eg: College is a place where/in which we learn how to learn. 大学是学会如何学习的地方。 Forest is a place where people can get close to nature. 森林是可以接近自然的地方。 ②先行名词+when/in（on/at） which

eg: I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次相遇的那一天。 ③先行名词+why/for which

eg: Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning？ 你知道他为什么没有参加昨天早上会议的原因吗？

Exercises I Checking your comprehension

1. Reading non-fiction writing critically involves ___. A. supporting the author's opinion B. developing your own opinions C. understanding what is written D. reading without any imagination 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第一段Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying 可知，非文学类作品的批评性阅读是要提出自己的观点和摆明自己的态度，选项B,

即提出自己的观点，最为恰当。答案为B。

2. Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that______. A. enough support for the assertions has been given B. your values and attitudes have been reflected in it C. it has been checked from an authoritative source D. you have found the differences in the writing styles

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第三段第三句，Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made 可知，选项A符合文中意思，即你在接受作者的观点之前，要确信有足够的论据支持作者的论点。答案为A。

3. If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should________. A. insist on your own opinion and confirm it B. avoid mentioning the inconsistencies C. emphasize the work of authorities

D. examine the author's supportive statements 【正确答案】D

【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第四段末句，If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies 可知，选项D最符合原文，即如果文章中有不一致的观点时，你要仔细阅读并检查作者所提出的支持其论点的论证。答案为D。

4. Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_________ A. physical breakthroughs B. the subject of poetry C. studies in current physics D. credible writing sources 【正确答案】A

【答案解析】此题为细节题。由文中第六段第三句, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics 可知，如果文章讲的是关于物理学的突破时，爱因斯坦就是相关的例子。答案为A。

5. The author believes that by being a critical reader you can________ . A. remember what is written clearly B. eliminate your own discrimination C. have much more knowledge D. spend more time in reading 【正确答案】C

【答案解析】此题为文章大意总结题。由课文最后一段结束句，By being a critical reader, you

will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate 可知，课文结束说通过做一名有判断力的读者，你会变得见多识广，也能使你的观点更恰当，所以选项C最符合课文的意思。答案为C。

Exercise II

Section A Building your vocabulary

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brachets.

名词后缀

-ability, -ibility credible-credibility

-ence, ency independent-independence efficient-efficiency

-ment move-movement, agree-agreement -ion, -sion, -tion act-action, elect-election

副词后缀

-ly careful-carefully, possible-possibly 前缀 否定前缀

in- inaccurate, incapable, injustice 在m, p, b前变成im- immoral, impossible, imbalance

1. These results are _____ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency） 【正确答案】consistent

【答案解析】be consistent with? 固定短语，意为“与??相符“。其中be动词are后面应该是表语形容词consistent，而consistency 是名词形式。答案为consistent。

2.We were not surprised by their_____ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement） 【正确答案】statement

【答案解析】statement，名词，说明、表态，而state 表示“陈述”时是动词，做名词解时是“国家，现状”的意思。答案为statement。 3. The statistics ______a change in people's spending habits.（reflect, reflection） 【正确答案】reflect

【答案解析】译文：此统计数据反映了人们消费习惯方面的变化。这里句子缺少的是谓语动词，而reflection是名词。reflect，动词，显示、表明。答案为reflect。

4. I'm afraid your driving license is______ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid） 【正确答案】invalid

【答案解析】译文：我担心你的驾驶执照在东欧无效。invalid 是valid 的反义词，意为“无

效的”。答案为invalid。

5. Twenty-five dollars was______ more than he had expected to pay. （considerable, considerably） 【正确答案】considerably

【答案解析】译文：二十五美元比他原来估计的多多了。considerably，副词，很，非常，相当多地。答案为considerably。 6. Direct _______ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison） 【正确答案】comparison

【答案解析】译文：直接对比两种语言是不可能的。这里空格处的单词是主语中心词，主语中心词不能是动词。comparison, 名词，表示“比较，对比”；compare 是其动词形式。答案为comparison。

Section B

assumption landmark critical evaluate represent identify credible appropriate 1.In my opinion, there was no _____evidence against him. 【正确答案】credible

【答案解析】句意：我的意见是，没有反对他的可信的证据。这里against sb.指的是反对某人。形容词credible 意为可信的。答案为credible。

2. Even the smallest baby can _____its mother by her voice.

【正确答案】identify

【答案解析】句意：甚至最小的小婴儿都可以通过声音来识别辨认出他的母亲。本空缺少谓语动词，identify 意为辨认，辨识，符合题意。答案为identify。

3.People tend to make _____ about you based on your appearance. 【正确答案】assumption

【答案解析】句意：人们容易根据你的外表做出一些假设。本空缺少宾语，应选用名词。assumption为名词，意为假设、假定，符合题意。答案为assumption。

4. This new report_____ the current situation in our schools. 【正确答案】represents

【答案解析】句意：这篇新闻报道描述了我们学校目前的状况。其中represent，动词，描述、表现，此处要注意时态。答案为represents。