21 The author’s argument is developed primarily by (B ) 作者的文章主要是依据。。。而发展的 A quotations from literary sources 从文学来源中的引用

B descriptions of visual evidence 对于视觉证据的描绘

C psychological analyses of medieval artists 关于中世纪艺术家的心理分析

D comparisons of modern and medieval images of the body

现代和中世纪身体图像的比较

E reflections on the philosophical nature of childhood 孩童时期的心理天性的反映

分析：作者给出得例子 第一段 第二段 微型画 青铜像 都是视觉上可见的证据

22 The last sentence of the passage (line 46-50) primarily serves to (C ) 文章最后一句话的作用是 A define an important term that is central to the author’s argument

定义了一个作为作者中心论点的短语

B dismiss objections to the author’s thesis

不再反对作者的论文

C provide an explanation for the phenomenon discussed in the previous paragraphs 为前文讨论过的现象做出解释

D introduce examples from other time periods and other forms of representational art

从其他时期和其他的艺术表现形式中介绍一些例子 E summarize the views of other historians of medieval art

总结中世纪艺术的其他的历史学家的观点

分析：原文是It suggests too that in the realm of real life, and not simply in that of aesthetic translation, childhood was just a period of transition that passed quickly and that was just as quickly forgotten. 这句话解释了孩童形象被描绘为成人缩小版的原因。

23 In line 48, ―translation‖ most nearly means ( C) A substitution 代替 B explanation 解释 C representation 展现 D transportation 运输 E correction 更改

24 The author offers which explanation for the way that medieval painters depicted children? (D) 作者为中世纪画家描绘孩子的方式提供了哪种解释 A Children were discouraged from becoming artists’ models. 孩童被阻止成为艺术家的模特

B Children were more difficult to paint than adults. 孩童比成人更难描绘

C Children had never been a subject of art in Western traditions.

西方传统艺术中，孩童从来没有成为主题

D Childhood was not understood as a separate phase of life.

童年并没有被作为一个单独的生命时期来理解

E Childhood was not recognized in medieval theology.

中世纪理论中孩童时期被没有被发现 分析：见全文分析

Section 8

The following passages are taken from testimony

given before congressional committees about how government funding affects the art. The author of the first passage is a writer and radio entertainer, the author of the second passage is a novelist and critic.

Passage 1

All governments have honored artists when they are old and saintly and successful and almost dead, but twenty-five years ago Congress decided to boldly and blindly support the arts---support the act of creation itself---and to encourage artists who are young and dangerous and unknown and very alive. This courageous legislation has changed American life.

所有的政府在艺术家年迈，纯真且成功的时候都非常尊崇他们，但是在二十五年前，议会盲目切大胆地决定支持艺术——即支持创作行为本身——并且鼓励年轻有活力且富有冒险精神生的不知名年轻艺术家。这一项勇敢无畏的立法改变了美国人的生活。

Forty years ago, if American men or women