第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法
例3. The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution . 手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。
例4. The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872 . 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。 4.译成汉语被动句
有些英语被动句着重被动的动作，突出原文的被动意义 汉语中被动标志：“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、遭到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”。
例1. He had been fired dor refusing to obey orders from the head office . 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
例2. The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street . 那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞到了。 例3. He was praised by his teacher . 他得到了老师的表扬。
例4. Problems should be resolved in good time . 问题应及时加以解决。
例5. For s long period to come ,most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families .
在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。 5.“It+被动语态+that”的翻译
采用主动语态翻译方式 三种翻译方式
例1. It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject . 有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。
例2. It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas :natural science and social science .
有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分为两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。 例3. It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation . 应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。 常用被动句型的习惯译法：
It is hoped that ... 希望，有人希望 It is assumed that ... 假设，假定 It is claimed that ... 据说，有人主张
It is believed that ... 有人相信，大家相信 It is reported that ... 据报道，据通报 It is considered that ... 人们认为，据估计 It is said that ... 据说，有人说
It is supposed that ... 据推测，人们猜测 It has been announced that ... 已经宣布 It is asserted that ... 有人主张 It is rumored that ... 听说，谣传
It is noticed that ... 有人指出，人们注意到 It is suggested that ... 有人建议，建议 It is reputed that ... 人们认为，可以认为 It is learned that ... 据说，据闻，已经查明
9
第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法
It is demonstrated that ... 据证实，已经证明 It is estimated that ... 据估计，有人估计 It is pointed out that ... 有人指出，人们指出 It is proposed that ... 有人推荐，有人建议 It was told that ... 有人曾经说
It was first intended that ... 最初就有这样的想法 It will be said that ... 有人会说
It was noted above that that ... 前面已经指出 It must be admitted that ... 必须承认，老实说 It has been illustrated that ... 据图示，据说明 It is stressed that ... 有人强调说 It can not be denied that ... 无可否认
It can be said without exaggeration that ... 可以毫不夸张的说 It is sometimes asked that ... 人们有时会问 It was felt that that ... 有人认识到
It is universally accepted that ... 人们普遍认为 It is unanimously agreed that ... 大家一致同意
It is alleged that ... 据说 It is calculated that ... 据计算
It has been proved that ... 已经证明 It has been found that ... 人们已经发现 It is still to be hoped that ... 我们仍然希望
It is well-konwn that ... 众所周知，大家都知道 It should be realized that ... 我们应该认识到...
10
第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法
五、否定结构的翻译
（一）部分否定
1. all ,both ,every ,everybody ,everyday ,everyone ,many ,everything ,entirely ,altogether, absolutely,wholly ,completely ,everywhere ,always ,often 等与否定词not 搭配使用，常常翻译为“并非所有，并不是都”。 例1. All that glitters is not gold .
并非所有发光的都是金子。 例2. Both the windows are not open .
两扇窗户并不都是开着的。
例3. Everybody does not believe the rumor .
并不是每个人都听信这个谣言的。
例4. They are not always in the office on Sundays .
他们不一定每个星期天都在办公室。 例5. The responsibility is not altogether mine . 责任并不全在于我身上。
例6. The situation is not necessarily so . 情况并非如此。
2. “all ...not ”和“every ...not ”等结构属于传统用法。现代英语中采用“Not all ...” 和“Not every ...”这种表达形式。 例1. Not all matals are good conductors . 并非所有的金属都是良导体。 例2. Not everyone accepts his proposal . 并不是所有的人都接受他的建议。
（二）全部否定
never（决不，从来不），no （没有，不），not （不，不是），none（没人，谁都不，没有任何东西），nobody（没人），nothing（什么也没有，没有任何事情），nowhere（没有什么地方），neither（两者都不），nor（也没有，也不），not at all（一点也不）。 例1. He is no professor . 他根本不是教授。
例2. None of my friends smoke . 我的朋友都不抽烟。
例3. Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today . 我们伟大的祖国从来没有像今天这样繁荣昌盛。
例4. Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it . 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
例5. Never have we been daunted by difficulties . 我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。
11
第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法
（三）双重否定句
常见的双重否定形式主要有：no...not (没有....不)， Without ...not （没有...就不）
Never (no )...without （每逢...总是，没有...不） Never (no )...but （没有...不）
Not(none )...the less （并不...就不）
Not(never )...unless(不少于，不亚于，和...一样)， Not...any the less (没有...而少做)。
例1. Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man . 现在没有任何宇宙飞船不能载人。（用汉语的双重否定翻译） 现在所有的宇宙飞船都可以载人。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译） 例2. You will never succeed unless you work hard . 如果你不努力， 就绝不能成功。（用汉语的双重否定翻译） 只要你努力，你就会成功。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译） 例3. There is nothing unusual there . 那里的一切都很正常。
例4. The machine is working none the worse for its long service . 这台机器并没有因为长期使用而运转不良。 这台机器长期使用运转一直良好。
例5. She did not work any the less for her illness . 她没有因为生病而少做一些工作。 例6. That’s nothing less than a miracle . 那完全是一个奇迹。
例7. No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it .
再困难的任务，我们也能完成。
（四）形式肯定但意义否定
英语中的某些句子虽然以肯定形式出现，没有no ,not ,never 这样的词，但表达的意思是否定的，翻译成汉语时要翻译成否定句。
1. more than can ...结构
more than can ...在意义上相当于英语得can not ...可以翻译为“简直不，无法，难以”： more than one can help 相当于as little as possible ,可以翻译为“尽量不，绝对不”。 例1. The beauty of the park is more than words can describe . 这个公园美德简直无法形容。
例2. The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear . 这男孩变得非常无礼，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。 例3. Don’t tell him more than you can help . 能不跟他讲究尽量不要跟他讲。
例4. She never does more work than she can help . 能不做的事情，她是绝对不做的。
12