e.g. I hate having to hurry a meal.

rush: if you rush somewhere, you go there quickly

e.g. A schoolgirl rushed into a burning flat to save a man’s life.

hasten: you hasten something by acting in order to make it happen sooner e.g. He hastened to the office.

quicken: to become quicker or make something quicker e.g. Ray glanced at his watch and quickened his pace. 3.

copartner: a joint partner (as in a business enterprise) e.g. She is a copartner of a law firm.

coworker: your coworker is someone you work with, especially people on the same job or project as you

e.g. A coworker urged him to see a psychiatrist, but Faulkner refused.

colleague: your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional job e.g. We’re entertaining some colleagues of Ben’s tonight.

cooperative: a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there e.g. They decided to set up a cooperative. 4.

pull up: when a car or someone driving a car pull up, the driver stops the car, often for a short time

e.g. A car pulled up outside my house.

pull out: if a vehicle pulls out, it starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the road e.g. A car pulled right out in front of me.

pull off: to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller road e.g. We pulled off the road to get some food. pull down: to earn a particular amount of money e.g. He is pulling down $5,000 a year. 5.

manner: the way in which people behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident or bad-tempered e.g. His manner was self-assured and brusque. behaviour: the thing that a person or animal does e.g. It is important to reward good behavior. act: something that you do

e.g. The simple act of telling someone about a problem can help.

way: the ways of a particular person or group of people are their customs or their usual behavior e.g. He has rather strange ways. 6.

graceful: behave in a pleasant way

e.g. She finally apologized, but she wasn’t very graceful about it.

gracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank e.g. Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.

grateful: if you are grateful for something that someone has given you or done for you, you have a warm, friendly feeling towards them and wish to thank them

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e.g. She was grateful to him for being so good to her.

grand: splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention e.g. They always entertain their guests in a grand style. 7.

menu: a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant e.g. Could we have the menu, please?

cookbook: a book that contains recipes for preparing food e.g. This is a house that specializes in cookbooks.

recipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food e.g. His recipe will be enough for four servings.

ingredient: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish e.g. The list of ingredients included 250g of almonds. 8.

huge: extremely large in size, amount, or degree e.g. There shoes make my feet look huge.

enormous: emphasizing the great degree or extent of something e.g. It was an enormous disappointment. vast: extremely big

e.g. A vast audience watched the broadcast.

colossal: used to emphasize that something is extremely large

e.g. The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.

3. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. … never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

Synonyms: thanks, recognition

2. In our laziness we think that something like a simple ―Thank you‖ doesn’t really matter. Antonyms: activeness, liveliness, briskness, eagerness

3. We can’t be truly stylish without good manners. Synonyms: fashionable, graceful, elegant

4. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? Antonyms: selfish, mean, ungenerous

5. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds panache to your image.

Synonyms: nice, courteous, polite, friendly

6. I know we all have busy lives. Antonyms: leisurely, relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy

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7. But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most — if not all — of the irritation you felt? Synonyms: annoyance, vexation, displeasure, dissatisfaction

8. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Antonyms: promptness, timekeeping, reliability

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the brackets.

1..The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we have stopped trying to talk to them. (friend) 2.Yes, I can speak a little Spanish because I spent some of my boyhood in Spain. (boy) 3.The doctor dealt with the hysterical patient with understanding. (understand) 4.There’s a reception at the British Embassy tonight. (receive) 5.The disappearance of the money from the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)

6.You must accept the decision of the committee. (decide) 7.Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactly alike, differing only in height. (difference) 8.To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevated roads in the city. (elevator).

1. friend (n.) 朋友，友人，支持者 friendly (adj.&adv.) 友好的，友善的 friendship (n.) 友谊，友好 friendliness (n.) 友好，亲切

friendless (adj.) 没有朋友的，无依无靠的 unfriendly (adj.) 不友好的，有敌意的

e.g. She smiled at him, a friendly smile. 她向他微笑着，一种友好的微笑。 Cheerfulness is the basis of friendliness. 令人愉快是友谊的基石。

What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to environment. 我们现在做的是浪费资源、对环境不利的事情。

2. boy (n.) 男孩， 儿子，男服务员 boyish (adj.) 像男孩子的 boyhood (n.) 少年时代

boylish (adj.) 男孩样的，很帅气的 boyishness (n.) 少年，幼稚，孩子气

e.g. It had perhaps been his boyish defiance. 这也许是少年时代放荡不羁的表现。 The picture reminds me of my boyhood. 这张照片让我想起了我的童年。

He was conscious of colouring , and was annoyed at his boyishness. 他感到一阵脸红，为自己的幼稚而感到烦恼。

3. understand (v.) 理解，懂，听说，获悉

understanding (n.) 了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议

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understandingly (adv.) 谅解地

understandable (adj.) 可理解的，能够懂的 understandability (n.) 易懂性，可理解性 understandableness (n.) 不可理解 misunderstand (v.) 误会，误解 misunderstanding (n.) 误会，误解

e.g. He did not understand the importance of this question. 他不理解这个问题的重要性。

It is understandable that he wishes to study in the USA. 他要在美国学习的愿望是可以理解的。

They pretended to misunderstand me. 他们假装听错了我的话。

We must clear away the misunderstanding. 我们必须消除这个误会。

4. receive （v.）收到，接到，受到

received (adj.) 被一般承认的，公认的 receiving (n.) 接收，买卖赃物

receiver (n.) 接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒 receivable (adj.) 可收到的，应收的 receivability (n.) 可以接受，可接纳

e.g. Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有什么比接受教育更重要的了。

In the modern world, smoking is no longer be considered to be a receivable activity in social communication. 在当今的世界上，在社交时吸烟不再为人们所接受。

5. appear （v.）出现，显得，出版，抵达

appearance (n.) 外表，外貌出场，露面，出现 disappear (v.) 消失，不见 disappearance (n.) 消失

e.g. Freckles appear on her face every summer. 每年夏天她脸上都显露（日晒的）斑点。 In appearance it is a very strong building. 从外表来看，这座大楼是很坚固的。 One by one his symptoms disappeared. 他的症状一个一个地消失了。

No one could tell the reason of the disappearance of the money. 谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。

6. decide （v.）决定，判断

decided (adj.) 确定的，坚决的 decision (n.) 决定，决策 decisiveness (n.) 坚决，果断 decisive (adj.) 决定性的

e.g. They've decided to buy the house in the country. 他们已拿定主意购买那所乡下的房子。 But it is a decidedly climate-unfriendly strategy. 但这种策略肯定会对气候不利。 Have they reached a decision yet? 他们作出决定了么？ He has a decisive character. 他性格果断。

7. difference (n.) 差异，分歧，差额，不同 different (adj.) 不同的，差异的

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