7.

address: if a letter, envelope, or parcel is addressed to you, your name and address have been written on it

e.g. Applications should be addressed to: The business affairs editor.

deliver: to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to people’s houses or places of work e.g. Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.

send: to arrange for something to go or be taken to another place, especially by post e.g. Lyn sent some pictures from the wedding.

signal: to show that you intend or are ready to do something e.g. The union has signaled that the workers will strike. 8.

reminder: a person or thing which makes you remember a particular person, event or situation e.g. This has been a timely reminder of the need for constant care. caution: the quality of being very carefully to avoid danger or risks e.g. We urged caution.

notice: information or a warning given about something that is going to happen in the future e.g. The next time you visit, can you give me more notice?

remainder: the remainder of a group are the things or people that still remain after the other things or people have gone or have been dealt with

e.g. Nine people came in and the reminder stayed outside.

3. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. The traditional holidays in our house when I was a child were spent timing elaborate meals around football games.

Synonyms: rich, well-prepared, complicated, complex

2. My father tried to make pleasant chitchat and eat as much as he could during half time. Antonyms: unpleasant, displeasing, disagreeable, bitter, nasty

3. I don’t know whether it was because work at the office slowed during February or because the football season was over.

Synonym: slacken, decelerate

4. Over the years I fondly thought of him as my ―Valentine Man.‖ Antonyms: coldly, bitterly, hatefully, spitefully

5. … the tender care I gave to the card from the cutest boy in class. Synonyms: lovely, lovable, attractive

6. I remember wearing that ring with a pride that all the cards in the world could not surpass. Antonyms: shame, disgrace, humiliation

7. In those years my thank-yous became more of a perfunctory response. 57

Synonyms: indifferent, half-hearted, thoughtless

8. I had a father who continued a tradition of love with a generosity of spirit. Antonyms: selfishness, greediness, meanness

4. Sentence rephrasing

Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.

1. We must have your answer tonight at the latest. (insist) Tip:

insist v. demand sth. should happen 坚决要求，坚持 e.g. They insisted that everyone should come to the meeting. insist on / upon sth.

e.g. The girl insisted on checking everything herself. Key: We insist on having your answer tonight at the latest.

2. My father is going to lend me his car tonight. (borrow) Tip:

borrow v. get temporarily 借，借入

e.g. They are poor but they never borrow money from others. Key: My father is gong to let me borrow his car tonight.

3. We see it as a wonderful opportunity. (look) Tip:

look v. perceive with attention 看 e.g. Look at the blackboard please. look upon/on = regard as

e.g. We look upon it as a very promising attempt. Key: We look upon it as a wonderful opportunity.

4. You don’t mean to say you want a fifth ice cream, do you? (surely) Tip:

surely adv. certainly, definitely 稳当地，无疑地 e.g. I surely need your support and trust.

Key: You surely don’t want a fifth ice cream, do you?

5. There is almost nothing in the house to eat tonight. (hardly) Tip:

hardly adv. almost not 几乎不

e.g. The children in the family hardly watch TV.

Key: There is hardly anything in the house to eat tonight.

6. The bank now owns this block of flats. (belong) Tip:

belong to: be owned by 属于

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e.g. I think the toy must belong to that girl.

Key: This block of flats now belongs to the bank.

7. Is it really advisable to freeze this sort of food? (should) Tip:

Should aux. will, need to应该，将要 e.g. All kids should be taken good care of. Key: Should we really freeze this sort of food?

8. There’s no need to telephone me when you arrive. (bother) Tip:

bother to: (usually used in the negative form) to cause inconvenience or discomfort to 费心，麻烦……

e.g. It's no bother to me. And I'll be glad to do it. Key: Don’t bother to telephone me when you arrive.

II. Grammar Exercises

1. real and unreal conditionals

With real conditionals, there is a chance that the condition will be fulfilled; with unreal conditional there is no such chance.

e.g. If he arrives on time, he will be able to go with us. (Real condition)

If he had arrived on time, he would have been able to go with us. (Unreal condition)

If I were (was) you, I would be careful. (Unreal condition). Conditional sentences have two clauses. Real conditionals: If clause: present tense Result clause: future tense If you eat too much ice cream, Unreal Conditions — present: If clause: simple past you'll get sick. Result clause: would or could + base form of verb If I had more time, I'd do exercises everyday. If you were rich, Unreal Conditions — past: If clause: past perfect you could buy a large house in the suburbs. Result clause: would have + past participle 59

If Ronald had stayed in school, he would have gotten a better job.

Practice:

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1. What ____________ (happen) if I press this button?

2. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper ___________ (not print) it. 3. I _____________ (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you. 4. If he’d taken his doctor’s advice he _______________________ (not die). 5. She’ll lose weight if she ____________________ (go) on a diet. 6. If I were you, I ___________ (not believe) his story.

Keys:

1. will happen (In a real conditional, when talking about the future, the verb in the if-clause is in the present tense while that in the main clause is in the future tense.)

2. wouldn’t have printed (In an unreal conditional, we use ―if + past perfect‖ and ―would + have done‖ in the main clause when we talk about something in the past.)

3. wouldn’t buy (In an unreal conditional, we use a past tense in the if-clause and ―would do‖ in the main clause when we talk about present or future situations.) 4. wouldn’t have died 5. goes

6. wouldn’t believe

2. it + be + … + that

Sentences introduced by \is\\was\often used to emphasize a specific subject or object. The introductory clause is then followed by a relative pronoun. ―It + be + … + that‖ can be used to highlight the subject, object, adverbial of time, place, manner, cause. e.g. It is Jenny who spends all her money on shoes. (subject) It is shoes that Jenny spends all her money on. (object)

It was in London that he met his first wife. (place)

It was only when he phoned that I realized what had happened. (time) It is learning English that I find most enjoyable nowadays. (gerund action) Practice:

Highlight the underlined parts in the following sentences using ―it + be + … + that.‖ 1. I put them into the soil the day my first son was born. Key: It was on the day my first son was born that I put them into the soil. 2. We reached Istanbul by train. Key: It was by train that we reached Istanbul.

3. He’s feeling unwell because he’s been working too hard. Key: It is because he’s been working too hard that he’s feeling unwell. 4. The awful weather drives him crazy. Key: It is the awful weather that drives him crazy. 5. We get light and heat from the sun. 60