54. A. compromise 55. A. arbitrary

B. compete B. objective C. communicate C. considerate D. compensate D. confident

第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A Public Challenges? Discover MPA, join a real Class online on 19 February If you are passionate about public interests, join a real MPA class; you will have the opportunity to live the students’ experience and get a feeling for the atmosphere, teaching approaches and learning processes. Watch the live stream and learn how to benefit from SDA Bocconi’s expertise in public management, while living for one year in Milano. 1-YEAR FULL-TIME MPA MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 19 February 2018, 2:30-4:00 pm (CET) MPA Class on Economics for Public Decisions For more information and to book your place: mpa.recruiting@sdabocconi.it or www.sdabocconi.it/mpa SDA Bocconi INSIDE MIHMEP JOIN US ON 5TH MARCH 2018 MEET THE DIRECTOR AND TALK WITH MIHMEP STUDENTS, ONLINE OR FACETOFACE Attend our event to discover how MIHMEP can help you expand your international career in the healthcare sector. Come to Milano or watch the live stream online to interact directly with the MIHMEP Director Federico Lega and his students. 5 March, 6:30 pm CET The Insiders’ View: meet MIHMEP current students For more information and to register: www.sdabocconi.it/mihmep MIHMEP 1-YEAR MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND POLICY 56. Once you’ve booked your place in MPA class, you will ______. A. be passionate about public interests B. have the opportunity to be a teacher C. get a good knowledge of public management D. watch the live stream to know your advantages

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SDA Bocconi 57. SDA Bocconi’s courses are aimed at ______.

A. academic upgrade B. job promotion

C. interpersonal communication D. business management

B

Manta rays are found in warm temperatures. The larger species reaches 7 m in width.

In 2016, a study was published by Dr Csilla Ari and Dr Dominic D’Agostino on giant manta rays (蝠鲼), which explored the idea of whether these elasmobranchs（软骨鱼类）could be classed as self-aware. Giant mantas have the largest brain of all fish species, suggesting complex social interactions and are often referred to as intelligent. For the study Ari and D’Agostino used the mirror self-recognition test (MSR). It has been used to prove self-awareness in the great apes and Asian elephants.

In order to confirm whether an animal can pass this test, researchers first expose the animals to a mirror. If they show social responses they likely perceived their mirror image as another individual and did not recognise themselves in the mirror. If they show repetitive and unusual movements they are considered potentially capable of passing the test. Next, researchers usually place a mark on the animal’s body. They then observe what happens when the marked animal is placed in front of a mirror. Animals that pass the test will typically adjust their positions so that they can get a better look at the new mark on their body, and may even touch or try to move it. Typically, they pay much more attention to the part of their body that bears a new marking.

In the study, due to the difficulties associated with marking a manta ray, observations were made instead in relation to mirror exposure only. Results showed that the Mantas exhibited unusual and highly repetitive movements and self-directed behaviour when exposed to the mirror. More specifically they gave selective attention to the mirror by displaying significantly more repetitive movements than under control conditions as well as several unusual behaviours, such as exposing and observing their underside in the mirror and bubble blowing, similar to what was observed when bottlenose dolphins were exposed to a mirror.

Mantas are also able to change their colour, rapidly increasing the intensity of their white markings when a new individual approaches. This was not observed when they were exposed to the mirror, making it reasonable to assume that the animals did not recognize their mirror image

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as a new individual and that the observed behaviours were not part of normal social interaction.

Overall, Ari and D’Agostino’s study provides evidence for behavioural responses known to be prerequisites（先决条件） for self-awareness and which have been used by other researchers to confirm self-recognition in ape species. This experiment shines a light on the potential cognitive capabilities of fish and calls into question the ethical (伦理道德的) practices of current fisheries. Protection in some regions does exist. Despite this, up to 1,000 giant mantas are thought to be harvested from specific locations every year for their meat and gill rakers, the latter being traded as a kind of medicine.

58. Dr Csilla Ari and Dr Dominic D’Agostino conducted the study to ______. A. explore how mantas can survive in extreme conditions B. display that mantas can interact with human beings C. illustrate where self-recognition test can be applied D. prove mantas have the ability to recognize themselves 59. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The final result of Ari and D’Agostino’s study. B. The real purpose of Ari and D’Agostino’s study. C. The theoretical basis of Ari and D’Agostino’s study.

D. The far-reaching significance of Ari and D’Agostino’s study. 60. How did Ari and D’Agostino make their findings?

A. By observing mantas’ behaviours. B. By recording mantas’ colour changes. C. By collecting statistics from self-recognition tests.

D. By comparing the differences between mantas and apes.

61. The result of Ari and D’Agostino’s study could lead to ______.

A. better protection of mantas B. larger-scale hunting for mantas

C. tougher restriction on ethical fisheries D. further research into other sea animals

C

The most important determining factor of success or failure – at work and in life – is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.

For millions of years, the ancestors of humans evolved painfully slowly. However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviours, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.

Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical. There is strong scientific evidence that people who know themselves and how others see them are happier. They are smarter, superior students. They raise more mature children. They also tend to be more creative, confident and less aggressive.

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But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion（自我欺瞒）rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a world obsessed with self-esteem（自负）, constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed（有缺陷）, but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities – from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.

How can we avoid this fate? We must work on two specific types of insight. Internal self-awareness is an inward understanding of our passions and aspirations, strengths and weaknesses and so on. And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.

It would be easy to assume that someone with internal self-awareness would also be externally aware – that being in touch with our feelings and emotions helps us tune into how we’re seen. Strangely, research has often shown no relationship between the two–some studies have even revealed an inverse（相反的）one.

For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden pitfalls（陷阱）that make insight actually impossible.

62. The first three paragraphs center around ______.

A. the intelligence gap between modern men and their ancestors B. the sharp contrast between self-awareness of today and the past C. the necessity of a shift in self-awareness to satisfy the needs today D. the significance of self-awareness in human survival and advancement 63. What’s the problem with “me” focused society nowadays? A. People’s performance and abilities are overlooked.

B. It’s difficult to obtain an objective assessment of ourselves.

C. Competent people tend to be unconfident of their leadship skills. D. Modern people fail to bring their special qualities into full play. 64. What does the writer stress in this passage?

A. Knowing how others see us is the key to success.

B. Understanding ourselves inward contributes to a better fate. C. Self-examination helps us gain true insight into ourselves.

D. Internal self-awareness and external self-awareness are closely related.

D

Zelda D’Aprano was an unstoppable force, and if you didn’t like it, you best got out of the way. It’s through my work as a director of the Victorian Women’s Trust that I got to know Zelda, and she has been a personal hero of mine ever since. I feel lucky for every conversation we had together. Each time I walked away feeling like I could do anything, and she used those powers very skillfully. She told me to ask for more from the world, even if I wanted the sun. So, to

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