六级笔试新题型模拟试卷01
Part I Writing
1.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on How to Spend a Meaningful University Life. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
1. 大学生活的重要性
2. 人们选择不同的方式度过了大学生活 3. 在我看来…
答案：
How to Spend a Meaningful University Life
My dear friends,
Thanks very much for attending the speech. At first, I want to say \to our university\And I really feel honored to be here giving you some guidance on how to spend a meaningful university life. Hopefully, it will help.
As is known to all, university provides you with abundant knowledge in specific fields, shapes enquiring minds and establishes solid foundations for your future development. Even though some students may be surely aware of this, they also lose themselves sometimes. Some may fail in several exams and will not graduate from university on time; some may find a steady job upon graduation, only to be frustrated in life. So, how to live a meaningful university life?
First, you should set up a clear goal, both professionally and personally, to give you a clear picture of the priorities in your university life. Then, take actions. If you want to pursue further studies, pay special attention to all the subjects in your major. And if you just want a job, do research on the qualifications needed for that particular job. What's more, do make several good friends and take part in activities and physical exercises with them. Meanwhile, talking with parents, friends, teachers and even consulting professionals will be helpful to some confusions, frustrations as well as misunderstandings you have at universities.
By setting up goals and striving for them, I wish every one of you a happy and meaningful life here. Again, thanks for your coming!
解析：
此作文是演讲稿，属于应用文写作。并且题目中已经给出提纲，考生需要按照演讲稿的格式写出开篇和结束语，并按照提纲写出大学生活的重要性，怎样定义有意义的大学生活以及我的建议。本文语言规范、地道，结构清晰。作者首先问候听众，指出此次演讲的重要性；在主体部分作者指出大学生活在为学生提供专业知识，培养思维以及建立友谊等方面的重要性；并指出某些学生的大学生活并不尽人意。最后提出自己的建议，在职业和个人规划层面上都要首先明确目标，并为之奋斗；建立友谊，积极参与活动，并及时从父母朋友老师和专业人士那里得到帮助来解决自己遇到的困惑。
Part II Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.
1. [听力文本资源]
W: Winter is coming. I am expecting the first snow. The pure white is always my favorite.
M: But as it's colder and colder, my eagerness to get up early and my desire to do some morning exercise is fading out. I need to figure out some other ways to keep fit.
What can we learn about the man? [听力文本资源]
A) He doesn't like winter because it is cold.
B) He likes winter because it could help him keep fit. C) He doesn't like winter sports so he wants to do some
other sports instead.
D) He thinks the cold weather reduces his interest in doing sports in the morning. √
答案： D 解析： 音频中，女士喜欢冬天的原因在于其喜欢纯白的雪，而男士则觉得，冬天寒冷的气候使其对于晨练的热情逐渐消退了（fading out）。因此他要再找些其它保持身材的办法。所以选D。 2. [听力文本资源] M: Have you heard the news that the new high technology weapons help the local police to reduce the crime rate in out area? It is comforting news, isn't it? W: Well, I think the policemen should have the wits to tame the local criminals rather than using their weapons. What is the woman's attitude towards the new high technology weapons? [听力文本资源] B) Negative.
A) Optimistic. C) Positive. D) Sympathetic.
√
答案： B 解析： 当地犯罪率降低的原因是警察用了高科技武器（high technology weapons），男士觉得这个消息是很安慰人的。可女士的意见则是，警察应该用他们的智慧（wits）而非武器来制服罪犯。因此，女士对于此则消息的态度是消极的（negative）。所以选B。
3. [听力文本资源]
W: How was your party last night? I've heard you had a wonderful time. M: Well, the first half was good. But a neighbor came around half way through the party to complain about the noise we made. So we had to call it a day.
What can be inferred about the party? [听力文本资源]
A) It might be too loud. √ B) It was a successful one. C) It lasted for a whole day.
D) A neighbor was invited to the party. 答案： A 解析： 因为男士的派对有些吵，所以，他的邻居中途来抱怨派对的噪音，因此他们不得不提前结束了（call it a day）。所以选A。 4. [听力文本资源] W: Helen told me that Doris failed in the chemistry final exams. I plan to go for a visit and try to comfort her. Do you want to join? M: I heard that when Doris was upset, she prefered to isolate herself from other people for a little while.
What does Doris probably do at this moment? [听力文本资源]
A) Learn chemistry.
B) Complain to her friends.
C) Stay alone for a short time. √ D) Cry over her chemistry exams. 答案： C 解析： 音频中女士说Doris化学考试没及格，所以想去安慰一下她。男士告诉女士，Doris伤心时，比较喜欢自己一个人呆着（isolate herself from others），因此，此刻，Doris很有可能是自己一个人呆着。所以选C。 5. [听力文本资源] M: We will go camping this weekends as the weather forecast said the weather would be fine. Do you want to come along? W: I hope I could. The head of the department asked me to work up some sample compositions and give them to the students next Monday. What will the woman probably do during the weekends? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D)
Stay in the department. Write some compositions. √ Go camping with her friends.
Discuss with some students about the composition.
答案： B
解析：
音频中，男士邀请女士去露营，但女士手头有些工作要做，所以去不了。她要忙着整理一些范文（work up some sample compositions），因为系领导要她周一将这些文章发给同学们。此题考察对于短语work up的理解，此语境中，work up 应理解为“逐步完善（文章，项目等）”。所以选B。
6. [听力文本资源]
W: I have faith in our school basketball team. They will become the champion in the school league.
M: Don't be silly. Didn't you hear the rumor that our school team is one of the most vulnerable ones in the league?
What does the man mean about their school basketball team ? [听力文本资源] A) The team has a lot of supporters regardless of gender. B) They played so well that all the students are the fans of them. C) Their school basketball team is easily to be defeated. √
D) There is a rumor saying that they will be the champion of the school league.
答案： C 解析： 此题考察词汇vulnerable。从男士的话里可知，女士说的“我们学校篮球队会成为篮球联赛的冠军”这话,是如此愚蠢。他听到的是，他们学校的篮球队是联赛里面最弱的（vulnerable）球队之一。换而言之，他们的篮球队很容易被击败。所以选C。
7. [听力文本资源]
W: Do you want to be my travel companion for the summer trip to Europe? M: Eh, I have been to many countries in Europe. Can you tell me some further information about the trip, like which cities you will visit, and how many days you will stay in each place?
Why does the man need some further information? [听力文本资源]
A) He would like to hear more details about the trip as he wants to join.
B) He wants to make some suggestions about the trip as he is an expert in traveling. C) He wants to know whether his schedule can fit with the trip plan as he is busy.
D) He needs to see whether the trip plan is suitable for him as he has already traveled around Europe. √
答案： D 解析： 因为男士已经去过欧洲很多次了，因此当女士提议要不要和她一起去欧洲时，男士才会提出要一些细节性内容的要求。所以选D。
8. [听力文本资源]
W: I really admire the sincerity of the president in that company. What he said in the orientation made no bones about the fact.
M: I totally agree with you. I was impressed by his comments on his company that they were there to promote social and economic development as well as to make money.
What can be inferred about the president of the company? [听力文本资源]
A) He was too money-conscious.
B) He was an excellent speaker with handful of talking techniques.
C) He is a man who is realistic in a truth-seeking way. √
D) He spoke highly of his company as it was to promote social and economic development.
答案： C 解析： 女士喜欢那个公司老板的真诚（sincerity），而男士则对老板对于自己的公司的评价印象深刻，老板说，“我们公司不仅要推动社会和经济的发展，同时，也是以盈利为目的的”。因此我们可以推断出来，这位公司老板十分实事求是。所以选C。
[听力文本资源]
W: Welcome to our program, Nick. M: Thank you.
W: It's found that the number of people who are suffering from stress in the UK is increasing.
M: Yes, that is true. It seems that the economic problems we are all facing are mainly to blame.
W: What do you mean by that? I guess it's the high prices of things like food and petrol that's worrying people?
M: Well not just that. It's stress in the workplace that is the biggest issue. Some reports said that the stress becomes the number one cause of long-term workplace absence. Half of the UK's public sector companies have reported a rise in employee absence caused by stress.
W: That's interesting because jobs in the public sector are traditionally seen as more stable and secure than those in the private sector.
M: Yes it's surprising. Public sector jobs, such as civil servants and teachers, were seen as jobs-for-life but perhaps that's not the case anymore. It's a worrying time.
W: So how exactly is the poor economic situation affecting the workplace? M: Things like cutting the number of staff, which lead to increased workloads for others, and the security of the job, cause the increase in mental health problems.
W: So what can be done to reduce this stressful situation?
M: Well some companies are offering counseling services. And they suggest the employees exercise regularly in a gym, listen to some classic music, and learn to say \W: I see. Thank you, Nick. M: Thank you.
[听力文本资源]
9. [听力文本资源] What is the main reason of people suffering from stress in the UK? [听力文本资源] A) People dislike their workplaces.
B) People are facing a poor economic situation. √ C) People are getting many blames from their employers. D) People are worrying too much about the prices of food and petrol. 答案：B 解析：从音频中可知，男士认为大多数英国人压力过大的原因是目前大家所面临的经济问题(economic problems)。而女士则觉得是过高的物价，如食品和汽油等，才是人们压力过大的根本原因。男士解释道，那些也并不是全部。所以选B。 10. [听力文本资源] Why does Nick say the public sector companies reported a rise in employee absence? [听力文本资源] A) Because the companies don’t have a systematic regulation system.
B) Because they have jobs-for-life and are not afraid of being fired.
C) Because many of them have health problems as the result of changeable weather.
D) Because too much workloads caused by cutting staff affect their mental health. √
答案：D 解析：此题考察公务员因压力过大请假的原因。其根本原因是裁员所带来的更多的工作量(cutting the number of staff, which leads to increased workloads for others), 并且会影响他们的心理健康(cause the increase in mental health problems)。所以选D。 11. [听力文本资源] Which one of the following is the way to reduce stress according to Nick? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D)
Go to counseling services of the company. Have a short break.
Refuse extra work requests. √ Listen to some pop music.
答案：C
解析：音频结尾男士提到公司咨询服务建议的一些解压方式，唯有C是其中之一。选项A是公司提供的一种服务；B文中没有谈及；D应该是听一些古典音乐而非流行音乐。所以选C。
[听力文本资源]
W: Hi, Will. Do you want to join us seeing the stars in my apartment tomorrow night?
M: What kind of a view of the stars do you get from your house? W: Well, it's actually not too bad on a clear night.
M: I don't often see the stars where I live, but perhaps this is because I live closer to the centre of London than you. So there's probably less light pollution where you live.
W: Well it is true that the best places to see stars are the darkest places on the planet, like deserts and mountain tops and that's where you see those pictures of powerful telescopes.
M: Yes, in certain locations around the world you can get a really clear view of thousands of twinkling stars, some planets and sometimes the odd satellite moving across the sky.
W: It seems that you are an expert in Astronomy.
M: If you really want to view stars in a better place, I suggest we go to the Dark Sky Reserve.
W: Dark Sky Reserve?
M: Yes, it is one of the UK's darkest spots. There will be strict controls on things like street lights to reduce light pollution and keep the night truly dark. When it's dark we can see as many as 2,500 stars whereas in a city we might be lucky to see 200.
W: That sounds wonderful. I will inform my friends about this, and can we meet at the gate of our school at 8 so that you can take us there? M: No problem.
[听力文本资源]
12. [听力文本资源] What kind of a view of the stars can the woman see from her apartment? [听力文本资源]
A) She could see some stars if the weather is good that night. √
B) She can see stars clearly from her apartment as she lives near London.
C) She could not see too many stars as there are some
light pollutions there.
D) She can not see too many stars because she lives near the center of London. 答案：A 解析：音频中，女士邀请男士去他家观星，因为如果天气好的话，她家能看到不错的星象(it's actually not too bad on a clear night)。所以选A。 13. [听力文本资源] Why could not the man see the stars where he lives? [听力文本资源] A) Because he lives in the center of London.
B) Because he does not have the telescope to view stars. C) Because there is more light pollution in his place. √
D) Because the weather is not always suitable to view stars in his place. 答案：C 解析：男士提到，在他住的地方，不太能看到星星，因为他住在离伦敦市中心很近的地方，那里会有光污染(light pollution)。选项A虽然没有说错，但并不是男士看不到星星的主要原因，所以选C。 14. [听力文本资源] Where are the best places to see stars according to the woman? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D) From her apartment.
From the darkest places. √ Places in other planets.
Places away from the center of London.
答案：B 解析：女士说观星最好的地方是最暗的地方(the best places to see stars are the darkest places on the planet)，所以选B。 15. [听力文本资源] What can we know about the Dark Sky Reserve? [听力文本资源] A) It is near the center of London.
B) People could see over 200 stars if they are lucky enough.
C) There are some regulations to control the light pollution. √
D) The man is familiar with that place because he went there several times. 答案：C
解析：Dark Sky Reserve是英国最黑的地方，那里有很严格的灯光管制，因此光污染很少，平时在市区只能看到200多星星，而在那里，则可观到2500之多。对话中并没有提到Dark Sky Reserve的具体位置，因此A是不正确的。所以选C。
Section B
Directions： In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
[听力文本资源]
Train passengers are welcoming the authorities' plan to sell train tickets online but remain concerned that the system will not be that user-friendly.
More passengers have shifted from buying tickets at railway stations and ticket outlets to telephone and online bookings, which eliminates the aggravation of waiting in line and may also help reduce selling tickets at a higher price by some agencies.
Zhang Qian, a 26-year-old Beijing resident, said she was very happy to know tickets for more trains would be available online.
Zhang, who works in Beijing, said the new move would let her to book train tickets home with only one click of the mouse at home.
Liu Rui, a 27-year-old student at Tsinghua University, said online purchase is better than making phone reservation. Phone service has long been provided by the Railway Ministry but usually takes a lot longer.
\ But he still uses the hotline because it allows him to book a seat on slow trains, which cannot be ticketed online as yet.
However, foreigners may find it hard to use the service as the online purchase website is only in Chinese.
Many foreigners view the worst thing about buying a train ticket in China is queuing up. They can only buy tickets after queuing a long time in front of the ticket windows. So they think it would be perfect if the service can be extended to international passengers.
[听力文本资源]
16. [听力文本资源] Which is the benefit of buying train tickets online according to the passage? [听力文本资源]
A) They don't have to go to the railway station to get the ticket.
B) They could get a discount buying online tickets. C) They could click the mouse and choose the seat online. D) They could save the trouble of buying high price tickets from some agencies. √ 答案：D 解析：D文中提到过，是网上购买火车票的好处。文中并没有提及网络购票让人们可以不用去火车站取票，因此A是不准确的；选项B，C是文中没有提及的，所以选D。 17. [听力文本资源] Why are some people still making phone reservation rather than booking tickets online? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D)
They like the feeling of interaction.
They cannot book slow train tickets online. √ They don't know how to use the computers.
They think booking tickets online is not reliable.
答案：B 解析：刘瑞同学说，虽然网上定火车票好处颇多，但他要定慢车(slow train)的票，却只能通过电话预定的方式，因为网上并不能定慢车票。所以选B。
18. [听力文本资源] What is the worst thing foreigners view about buying train tickets? [听力文本资源]
A) They are queuing up a long time in front of the ticket windows. √
B) They are annoyed by the crowded surroundings. C) They think the booking website should be international.
D) They could not speak or understand Chinese instructions when buying tickets. 答案：A
解析：网上购票还不能应用于外国人，因为网站都是中文的。而外国人最讨厌的，还是买火车票时需要排很久的队伍，所以他们希望此项政策能尽早变得国际化一些。所以选A。
[听力文本资源]
There are growing concerns about food insecurity in the developing world. Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political problems are deepening the struggle of families in many countries.
Three United Nations agencies published a report last week before Sunday's World Food Day. This year's \high prices are likely to continue. Gregory Barrow, who works with the World Food Program in Rome, said that if we look at the places where World Food Program works particularly in developing countries, we see populations of people who might be spending sixty, seventy, eighty percent of their salaries
on purchasing food for their families.
The report says even short-term price increases can have a long-term effect. Reducing nutritious food early in a child's life can affect mental and physical development and limit future earnings.
East Africa is suffering its worst drought in years. In Kenya, at least three and a half million people are going hungry, especially in the North.
Farmers say bad roads and a lack of transportation make it difficult for them to get their produce to market. Storage is another problem. And they complain about a big drop in food prices.
People at Kenya said the government should make some arrangements—perhaps even give transport. Then, they can buy food at a good price, then give it to those people instead of asking for food from overseas, which is very bad.
[听力文本资源]
19. [听力文本资源] Which is one of the causes of food insecurity? [听力文本资源]
A) Political conflicts. √ B) Struggles of families. C) Some health D) A decrease in food emergencies. price. 答案：A 解析：从文中开篇可知，引发粮食安全问题的原因有三：食品价格上涨，突发天气和政治问题(Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political problems), 因此，此题应选A。
20. [听力文本资源] What effects will food insecurity bring about? [听力文本资源]
A) It will affect the transportation system.
B) It will cause some problems in overseas affairs. C) It will have a long-term effect on family harmony. D) It will affect the mental and physical health of children. √ 答案：D 解析：粮食安全问题将会引发一系列的问题，而文中主要提及的是对于儿童的影响，儿童早期营养食物的减少会影响智力和身体发育，并限制未来的收入(Reducing nutritious food early in a child's life can affect mental and physical development and limit future earnings)。所以选D。 21. [听力文本资源] What do people at Kenya suggest the government do? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D)
Solve the storage problem. Ask for food from overseas.
Give them some help in transportation. √
Make some arrangements to reduce the food price.
答案：C
解析：音频结尾部分，肯尼亚人民建议政府提供运输(give transport)，合适价格购买食物(buy food at a good price)，而不是寻求海外粮食援助(instead of asking for food from overseas)。所以选C。
[听力文本资源]
Having reached the top, the thin youth looks down through his black-framed glasses and poses on the edge of the roof like Spider-Man.
\it as a game. Tall buildings are like final monsters in a computer game and I'm the brave player,\said the 21-year-old firmly.
Zhang, from Linyi city of Shandong province, used to climb up to the roof of his house when he was a little boy, which always annoyed his parents. He could go up to the top of houses more quickly than other children of his age. A scar, a reminder of falling from a roof, can be clearly seen below his left eyebrow.
He didn't become serious about scaling buildings without equipment until last September when he posted a photo online showing him atop a residential building.
But instead of people being surprised, as he had expected, most citizens doubted the authentic of the picture and thought he was trying to grab fame. He was puzzled by or even angry with those responses for a couple of days, because he really likes climbing without equipment and just wanted to make friends, who are also interested in it.
He admired the French climber Alain Robert. But he said the French man plans before climbing, but his climbing is at will.
\about most is the freedom of standing in the air,\
[听力文本资源]
22. [听力文本资源] Why does Zhang compare climbing as a computer game? [听力文本资源]
A) Because both of them were forbidden by their parents. B) Because the tall building was shaped like the monster. C) Because both of them need the courage to finish the challenge. √
D) Because computer game and climbing are both Zhang’s hobbies. 答案：C 解析：音频一开始，张先生将攀岩和电脑游戏做比较，仅仅是因为两者都只有勇敢者才能完成任务，而高楼则像最后的怪兽一样，只有勇敢的玩家才能征服他们(Tall buildings are like final monsters in a computer game and I'm the brave player)。所以选C。 23. [听力文本资源] What is people's reaction to the photo that Zhang was at the top of a residential building? [听力文本资源] A) B) C) D)
They were marveled at him. They turned blind eyes to him.
They viewed the photo as a fake one. √ They believed this man would become famous.
答案：C
解析：张先生在网上贴出他在没有道具的帮助下攀登到大楼顶部的照片时，人们的反应并没有如他意料的那样惊奇(marveling at him)，相反，他们质疑照片的真实性(authentic)，同时觉得他是想出名(grab fame)才这样做的。所以选C。 24. [听力文本资源] What is the major difference between Zhang and Alain Robert in climbing? [听力文本资源] A) Alain uses some equipment while Zhang does not. B) Alain prefers climbing alone while Zhang would like to do it with his friends.
C) Alain likes to plan before climbing while Zhang does it at will. √
D) Alain challenges the same building until he succeeds while Zhang only challenges a building once without
considering the result. 答案：C 解析：张先生和他偶像法国Alain Robert的本质区别就在于Alain Robert攀岩之前是有计划的，而张先生则是随意为之的(at will)。选项D中，关于张先生的描述是正确的，对于Alain Robert是否每栋楼只挑战一次则没有提及，因此，不能选D。所以选C。 25. [听力文本资源] Which statement about Zhang is true? [听力文本资源] A) He has a scar below his right eyebrow. B) He is strong and has a good eyesight.
C) He wants to become as famous as Alain Robert, the French climber, and even defeat him.
D) He went to the top of the houses more quickly than other children of his age when he was little. √ 答案：D
解析：选项A，他的伤疤是在左边眉毛下，而不是右边；选项B中，文中开篇就提到张先生很瘦，并且带着眼镜，因此不正确；选项C，张先生喜欢攀岩的主要原因是个人喜好，还有交朋友，而不是和谁比较，因此也不对。所以选D。
Section C
Directions： In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Numerous studies have shown the crucial role Earth's forests play in storing carbon and mitigating (减轻) the effects of global warming. But according to the latest research, forests may be less capable of coping with climate change as previously thought. As temperatures rise and regions of favorable growing conditions shift towards the poles, experts expected plant species would migrate to survive , though it turns out not to be the case.
Duke University professor James S. Clark, a leading expert on how climate change impacts trees, says that most forests in the eastern US aren't migrating as effectively as was once believed. Instead of inching north towards higher altitudes and more familiar conditions, research suggests that 60% of plant species were experiencing contracting habitats, while only 21% showed some movement north. Clark says \models have suggested that trees will migrate rapidly to higher latitudes and elevations in response to warming temperatures, but evidence for a consistent, climate-driven northward migration is essentially absent in this large analysis.\
It may be too soon to tell whether Clark's findings are unique to forests in the eastern US, or if tree species across the planet will find climate change similarly difficult to cope with. There was once some cold comfort in the notion that despite the nefarious (极坏的) effects of global warming on Earth's delicate ecosystems, plant life was capable of adapting via migration. Unfortunately, in lieu (代替) of evidence to the contrary, we can now count forests among the likely casualties of a warming world.
Part III Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank before the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
文章大意：
人们一般认为随着年龄的增长，身体不可避免地变得越来越差。但是直到最近也没有找到具有说服力的证据。最近，一系列新的研究显示充足的运动可以增进老年人的身体健康。其中的一项研究以四十位年龄在40-70岁以上跑步运动员，自行车运动员和游泳运动员为调查对象。研究发现，年龄的增加并没有给他们带来体质的下降。据此，研究者们发现，老年人做适当的运动对于健康是非常有帮助的。
Is physical frailty (虚弱) inevitable as we grow older? Until recently, the evidence was discouraging. A large number of studies in the past few years showed that after age 40, people typically lose 8% or more of their muscle mass each decade, a process that accelerates significantlyafter age 70. Less muscle mass generally means less strength, mobility and independence among the elderly. However, a growing body of newer science suggests that such decline may be changed. Exercise, the thinking goes, and you might be able to rewrite the future for your muscles.
Consider the results of a stirring study published last month in the journal The Physician and Sportsmedicine. For it, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh recruited 40 competitive runners, cyclists and swimmers. They ranged in age from 40 to 81, with five men and five women representing each of four age groups: 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70-plus. They
completed questionnaires detailing their health and weekly physical activities. Then the researchers measured their muscle mass, leg strength and body composition, determining how much of their body and, more specifically, their muscle tissue was composed of fat. Other studies have found that as people age, they not only lose muscle, but the tissue that remains can become infiltrated (渗透) with fat, degrading its quality and reducing its strength.
There was little evidence of deterioration in the older athletes’ musculature (肌肉组织), however. The athletes in their 70s and 80s had almost as much thigh muscle mass as the athletes in their 40s. There was, as scientists noted, a drop-off in leg muscle strength around age 60 in both men and women. They weren't as strong as the 50-year-olds, but little additional decline followed. The 70- and 80-year-old athletes were about as strong as those in their 60s.
\think these are very encouraging results,\said Dr. Vonda Wright, a surgeon and founder of the Performance and Research Initiative, who oversaw the study. \muscle mass and function as they grow older. The changes that we've assumed were due to aging and therefore were unstoppable seem actually to be caused by inactivity. And that can be changed.\
\certainty is that any activity is better than none,\Wright says, \that it looks as if how we age can be under our control. Through exercise, you can preserve muscle mass and strength and avoid the decline from vitalityto frailty.\
A) assumed B) encouraging C) certainty D) ranged E) specifically F) vitality G) oversaw H) surveyed I) mobility J) significantly K) unstoppable L) saddening M) deterioration N) exceptional O) evident
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter.
Shopping by Smartphone This Holiday Season
A) As shoppers gear up for another mad holiday scramble, smartphones and tablet computers are emerging as Santa's electronic helpers. Stuck in a challenging economy and facing continued high rates of unemployment, consumers are increasingly finding that their mobile devices can come in handy. With a gadget in hand, shoppers can compare prices, research gift ideas, and watch for special deals. Often, they do it right in the store aisle. B) Retailers are catching on—just in time for the holiday season of the year. Once content to simply sell these electronic devices, merchants and mall operators are now recognizing the increasingly important role phones and tablets are playing for shoppers and are eager to tap into this electronic path to consumers' wallets. In addition to heavy promotions and the extension of store hours, many chains are rolling out shopping application softwares (apps), mobile-optimized websites and social media pages.
C) About one in four smartphone owners plan to use a mobile device for holiday shopping, according to an annual holiday survey by Deloitte. Of those, 59% will use their phones to compare or check prices and 46% plan to use them to check product availability. Social media, such as Facebook, will also be popular with shoppers, with 44% of those surveyed reporting that they will use social networks to find discounts, check out friends' or family members' wish lists and browse products. Shopping with mobile devices isn't for everyone, especially for folks who prefer to browse through a mall at a leisurely pace looking for gift ideas. Even some fans of online shopping like to stick to their home computers—the screens are bigger and they don't have to check out a dress or watch.
D) So whether you totally groove to technology or just recently bought a smartphone or signed up for Facebook, here are a few useful digital tricks for saving some bucks, and perhaps some time, during Christmas. First of all, you need mobile shopping guides. Some big retailers such as Target Corp. and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. offer their own mobile applications for shoppers to individually download to their smartphones or tablet computers. With these apps, shoppers can often get up-to-the-minute information about sale items, instant bargains, what's located where and what's in stock.
E) Mobile apps, as well as websites geared for mobile devices, often tweak (稍稍调整) the online shopping experience to fit smaller screens with fewer items displayed per page and an easy search function. The Amazon.com app popularized one-click ordering for breezy checkouts without the need to fill in billing and address information over and over again. Perhaps the most useful apps collect product data from several retailers and sort it so consumers can compare prices side-by-side from local and online merchants to find the best
deal. These apps, which include EBay's RedLaser and SnapTell, can be downloaded for free and work by simply scanning a product's bar code. F) That's a great help to price-conscious people such as Bill Grayson, a 50-year-old engineer who swears by a similar price-comparison app called ShopSavvy. After standing in line at Sears for hours to snag (抓住机会) a big-screen TV during Black Friday last year, then he scanned the bar code using the app just to see if the price was better elsewhere. He said he ended up saving $1,400 by buying it online.\自发地) make a decision whether to buy the product in front of me or wait longer for a sale,\Grayson said. \
G) Apps can offer more features than a traditional website. Bluefly, Inc., an online fashion retailer that deals in discounted designer goods, sends an alert to your phone when an out-of-stock item you're eyeing becomes available again. Likewise, EBay's auction app will send a declaration when you've been outbid (出价高于) at an auction. Mall giant Westfield, which operates shopping centers including Westfield Century City and Westfield Culver City, recently added a new feature to its app that lets shoppers search for which stores carry a specific item they're seeking. Type in \the shops carrying gold necklaces.
H) Another very useful trick to save your money and time is to use social media. Retailers have increasingly turned to social media such as Facebook and Twitter to harness the power of their fans. Wal-Mart last month launched 3,500 store-specific Facebook pages to alert shoppers to products, \deals and events at their local store. Before Black Friday this year, the discount chain will give Facebook fans a sneak peek at planned deals and also post maps clearly marking where to find some discounted items within their local Wal-Mart. J. C. Penney Company, Inc. operates a store within Facebook in which browsers can pick up a sweater or pair of shoes without ever leaving the social network. Shoppers can also sign up via Facebook to receive digital coupons on their phone or \in\on the location-based network Foursquare to score similar deals. For the holiday season, the retailer is partnering with fashion bloggers who will post their favorite holiday gift ideas chosen from the chain's selection.
I) There are still some odds and ends. Google Wallet, an app that essentially turns your phone into a credit card, is having a test run this holiday season at major retailers including American Eagle Outfitters, Guess and Toys R Us. Using Google Wallet, shoppers can pay by waving their phones over digital sensors already installed at participating stores. J.C. Penney has launched campaigns incorporating the futuristic (极新潮的) bar codes known as QR, or
quick response. By scanning a Macy's QR code, shoppers can pull up videos of style stalwarts (忠实拥护者) such as Martha Stewart and Tommy Hilfiger dispensing fashion tips. Parking apps, while not linked to shopping, can help shoppers brave the cutthroat mall parking lots this holiday season. Another app called Parker has a reservation function that helps drivers secure a spot in a lot up to two months in advance. J) With an estimated half of mobile phone users projected to own a smartphone by year's end, shoppers will get accustomed to having a phone that also functions as a catalog, store finder, and review site. Over time, the difference between shopping online and offline will fade away. At the end of the day, people just care about finding the right gift at the right price. 46. Examples show that apps have more advantages than traditional websites. G 答案：G 解析：文章G部分提及Bluefly, Ebay和Westfield等实例说明购物应用软件比起传统的网站具有更多的优势。Apps can offer more features than a traditional website. 47. By using your smartphone, you can pay, you can get a quick response, even you can find a parking lot. I 答案：I 解析：文章I部分提到手机的其他用途，例如可以用手机付账，可以用手机扫描条形码以获取商品的更多信息，甚至可以找到停车场。 48. Shoppers can download mobile apps offered by some big corporations so that they can get immediate information about sale items. D 答案：D 解析：文章D部分首先提到要给大家一些购物技巧，第一个技巧就是你需要移动设备购物指南。文中还提到一些大的经销商会为消费者提供应用软件，以便消费者能获得及时的商品信息，折扣信息，以及货物储备信息。ome big retailers such as Target Corp. and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. offer their own mobile applications for shoppers to individually download to their smartphones or tablet computers. With these apps, shoppers can often get up-to-the-minute information about sale items, instant bargains, what's located where and what's in stock. 49. The goal of using social media is to have digital initiatives that make shopping easier. H 答案：H 解析：文章H部分主要用实例说明使用社会媒体，比如Facebook，或者Twitter，其主要目的是使得购物轻松简单。J. C. Penney Company, Inc. operates a store within Facebook in which browsers can pick up a sweater or pair of shoes without ever leaving the social network. Shoppers can also sign up via Facebook to receive digital coupons on their phone or \location-based network Foursquare to score similar deals. 50. It is convenient to use a mobile device to do shopping during the holiday season especially when economy is not good. A 答案：A 解析：文章A部分提到在经济不景气，就业压力大的情况下，越来越多的消费者会选择用智能手机购物，因为用智能手机可以比较价格，挑选礼物，并且抢购特别优惠的商品。Stuck in a challenging economy and facing continued high rates of unemployment, consumers are increasingly finding that their mobile devices can come in handy. 51. Price-conscious costomers will stick to shopping online since they can save money. F 答案：F 解析：文章F部分讲述一个名叫Bill Grayson的50岁的工程师如何通过上网比较商品价格，节省1400美元购得一台大屏幕电视的过程。Grayson said. \definitely going to use it again this Christmas.\可见Bill Grayson对网上购物充满信心。 52. Shopping online will be a common thing just as shopping offline. J 答案：J 解析：文章J部分提到会有更多的人拥有智能手机，人们也会习惯于使用手机网上购物，网上购物会和商场购物一样普及。Over time, the difference between shopping online and offline will fade away. At the end of the day, people just care about finding the right gift at the right price. 53. Merchants realize that these electronic devices are playing an important role for shoppers. B 答案：B 解析：文章B部分主要提到商家意识到智能手机对于消费者来说的重要性，急切想要通过智能手机要消费者掏钱。进而商家所要做的除了促销，加长营业时间外，他们还链接购物应用软件，优化手机网站，以及媒体网页。Once content to simply sell these electronic devices, merchants and mall operators are now recognizing the increasingly important role phones and tablets are playing for shoppers and are eager to tap into this electronic path to consumers' wallets. 54. An app will become popular if it can make the shopping easy. E 答案：E 解析：文章E部分主要讲到移动设备调整以方便消费者手机购物，所以如果一个应用软件能够使购物变得轻松，简单，那么这个软件就会很普及。The Amazon.com app popularized one-click ordering for breezy checkouts without the need to fill in billing and address information over and over again. Perhaps the most useful apps collect product data from several retailers and sort it so consumers can compare prices side-by-side from local and online merchants to find the best deal. 55. Statistics show that many people use mobile devices to compare or check prices, but not everyone uses them to do shopping. C 答案：C 解析：文章C部分用数字说明有59%的人用手机比较价格，46%的人用手机查看产品实用性，44%的人会用手机上网寻找折扣，浏览产品等等。尽管这样，有些人还是热衷于商场购物。Shopping with mobile devices isn't for everyone, especially for folks who prefer to browse through a mall at a leisurely pace looking for gift ideas. Section C Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter. 文章大意： 美国经济的萧条加速了个体经营者数目的增加。据估计，到2019年，个体经营者将会占到美国劳动力总数的40%。因此本文作者呼吁：为了经济的发展，应该帮助这些个体经营业主。作者认为美国国会应该重新颁布和修订相关法案来帮助和扶持这些人。这样做本身就是在帮助美国经济加速复苏。 Over 40 million self-employed people in the US—31% of the labor force— form an increasingly important part of the economy. The Great Recession accelerated the trend. In December 2011, an American Staffing Assn. survey of 10,000 employers showed the number of temporary workers assigned to companies by agencies such as Manpower and Kelly Services has jumped 19% over the past year. By 2019 the self-employed will account for 40% of all American workers, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The growth of these freelancers' (自由职业者) businesses is stymied by labor codes and taxes. The American employment-based benefits system dates to World War II, when wage freezes made it hard for large companies to attract quality workers. To keep employees, especially skilled men, corporations such as General Motors and US Steel began to subsidize (补助) health-care coverage, retirement plans, and vacations—a strategy that grew after the war as unions locked in benefits with long-term contracts. This system served U.S. workers well until the 1980s, when globalization started to make large employers less dependent on full-time domestic employees.
Today, the fast-growing freelance workforce is shouldering costs and risks formerly borne by companies. The self-employed can't get unemployment insurance or file for workman's compensation, and they aren't covered by most federal or state employee labor laws, leaving them little recourse (救助) beyond spending precious time and money in small claims court if they aren't paid. Worse, the self-employed are taxed as if they're medium-size employers, but they can't deduct health insurance premiums and other expenses that bigger companies can. Consultants on average earn about a third less than people in similar jobs at companies, according to the IRS, but they pay both the employer and employee shares of Social Security and Medicare—a total of 15% of their income.
Congress should reenact the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010. This piece of the stimulus, which expired at the end of last year, allowed freelancers to fully deduct their health premiums before assessing Social Security and Medicare tax. Then let's amend Federal labor Law to cover the nonpayment of consultants so they have recourse through the Labor Dept. rather than suing in small claims court. This would level the field because it would shift the burden of proof from the freelancer to the company charged with nonpayment.
Millions of the self-employed shouldn't have to struggle so hard. As these individuals represent the single greatest source of job creation today—and likely in the coming decades—supporting them will only strengthen the recovery. Easing their burdens might just help them make the leap from struggling solo businesses to healthy small employers, creating even more jobs.
56. Which of the following words can be used to take the place of the word \A) Blocked.
B) Relieved. C) Liberated. D) Stimulated.
√ 答案：A
解析：完全是个生词。要找出同义词可以根据单词所在句子，去推测单词的含义，然后找选项中的单词同义替换。其所在句子为The growth of these freelancers' businesses is stymied by labor codes and taxes。并且这句话是本段的主题句，根据接下来所谈的内容可知，劳动法规和税收妨碍了个体经济的发展。在四个选项中，选出同义单词为blocked，所以选A。 57. Why did the American employment-based benefits system become less effective after the 1980s? A) Larger employers were less willing to offer retirement plans, and vacations.
B) Larger companies depended less on full-time domestic workers due to globalization. √
C) Fewer and fewer full-time quality workers tended to sign long-term contracts with employers.
D) The number of full-time quality workers declined dramatically in the United States of America. 答案：B 解析：根据题干的关键词American employment-based benefits system和the 1980s，回文章找出处。第二段的最后一句话This system served US workers well until the 1980s, when globalization started to make large employers less dependent on full-time domestic employees，意思是“这个体系一直运转良好，直到20世纪80年代，全球化使得大公司对国内全职员工的依赖大大降低。”所以选B。 58. Compared with those people working at companies, the self-employed workers ________. A) shoulder more risks but less costs B) shoulder fewer risks but more costs C) earn more money but pay less taxes D) earn less money but pay more taxes √
答案：D
解析：本题旨在要求回答个体经营者与公司雇员相比，所获得的利益和承担的义务情况。文章第三段中指出，个体经营者无法像公司雇员那样获得失业保险金或工人补助金（The self-employed can't get unemployment insurance or file for workman's compensation），却要像中型企业那样缴纳税务（Worse, the self-employed are taxed as if they're medium-size employers, but they can't deduct health insurance premiums and other expenses that bigger companies can）。所以，他们承担的风险大，成本高，排除A、B两项。同时，自由职业咨询师的平均工资比公司同类职业工资低三分之一，却要缴纳更多的税
（Consultants on average earn about a third less than people in similar jobs at companies, according to the IRS, but they pay both the employer and employee shares of Social Security and Medicare—a total of 15% of their income.），排除C项。所以选D。 59. What feasible proposal does the author put forward in this passage? A) Reenact the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 and amend the Federal labor Law. √
B) Grant the self-employed unemployment insurance and workman's compensation.
C) Lower the individual income tax of the self-employed throughout the USA.
D) Rethink the business tax for the self-employed when they're just getting started. 答案：A 解析：本题是：作者提出哪些可行建议？根据文章第四段的内容，可以总结出他的两条建议，国会要重新制定《小型企业职业法案（2010）》（Congress should reenact the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010），并且要修订联邦劳工法（Then let’s amend Federal labor Law）。所以选A。 60. What's the best title for this passage? A) Self-employed Tax and National Insurance. B) The Self-employed VS the Fully-employed.
C) To Boost the Economy, Help the Self-Employed. √ D) Freelancer's Business, the Future of Global Economy.
答案：C 解析：根据文章内容，作者主要是谈到了自由职业者对美国经济的贡献以及他们遭受的发展限制和政府应采取的应对措施。对比四个选项后，选项A和B为以偏概全。选项D提到全球经济，但本文章只提及美国经济。所以选C。 文章大意： 本文提出“学生成绩是否是评价教师教学水平的因素之一”这样一个问题。目前，美国的教师协会对现有的一些以学习成绩来评价教师教学水平的规定并不满意，教育专家们也认为学生成绩并不能很好的反映出大部分称职教师的教学水平。因此，为了准确判定教师的教学水平，需要采取更加实用、更加可行的评价途径。 Smaller schools? More charters? Those are yesterday's headlines in the world of school reform. The hot-button topic now is the inclusion of student test scores in teacher evaluations. Yet as school administrators and the teachers union battle it out in current contract negotiations in Los Angeles, who would have guessed that state law addressed this issue long ago?
A lawsuit filed by a group of parents, aided by the reform group EdVoice, claims that the Los Angeles Unified School District must include standardized test scores or some other measure of student progress to comply with the 40-year-old Stull Act. Though filed only against the district, the suit has statewide implications.
The Stull Act mainly concerned itself with the appeals process for teachers who had been fired. But it included some common-sense language about teacher evaluations, instructing school districts to make student progress one of many factors in teachers' performance reviews. In 1999, specifics were added to the law, requiring teacher evaluations to measure that progress in part through state-approved assessments.
The law's wording is reasonable and clear. Yet school districts have ignored even its oldest and most basic provisions. Even teachers unions complain that their performance reviews have been a joke for years, with almost every review granting the highest rating and few teachers receiving valuable suggestions for improvement.
Test scores—not the raw scores but measurements of how many students improved each year with specific teachers—are one obvious way to add student assessments to teacher evaluations. But the law doesn't prescribe how progress has to be measured, and neither does EdVoice. Graduation rates could count. So could portfolios of student work, if the state could come up with approved ways of using them to gauge progress.
We share union concerns about overreliance on student test scores in teacher performance reviews. According to education experts, the tests are useful only for measuring the top 10% and bottom 10% of teachers, and tell little about the vast majority in between. Still, they could be used as a starting point, to provide training for the most underperforming teachers and to figure out how the most effective teachers are succeeding.
By refusing to entertain the notion that student progress—or lack of it—might have any connection with teacher's effectiveness, unions are missing a chance to shape the way these assessments are used to evaluate teachers. If unions won't work with school districts on reasonable, meaningful changes, they can expect more lawsuits that seek to do it for them.
61. Why is the 40-year-old Stull Act mentioned in this passage? A) Some state-approved assessments were accepted by school districts.
B) Some common-sense rules about teacher evaluations were added in 1999.
C) It included student process as one way to grade teachers' performance. √ D) It mainly concerned itself with the appeal process for those fired teachers. 答案：C 解析：根据题干的关键词40-year-old Stull Act，回文章找出处。在第二段第一句中指出“洛杉矶联合学区必须将标准测试成绩或别的学生进步考量措施纳入对教师的评价中，以符合这一法案”（the Los Angeles Unified School District must include standardized test scores or some other measure of student progress to comply with the 40-year-old Stull Act）。所以选C。 62. Even teacher unions are dissatisfied with the Stull Act in that ________. A) it has been playing jokes on language teachers for many years B) school districts have attached too much importance to the Stull Act
C) the Stull Act wording isn't clear enough for teachers to follow
D) few valuable suggestions were offered to improve teachers' performance √ 答案：D 解析：根据题干关键词teacher unions和are dissatisfied with the Stull Act，回文章找出处。在第四段中可以找到Even teachers unions complain that their performance reviews have been a joke for years, with almost every review granting the highest rating and few teachers receiving valuable suggestions for improvement，所以选D。 63. Obviously, one way to include student assessment into teacher evaluation system is to ________. A) put forward some approved ways for students to assess teachers' teaching
B) compare the graduation rates of specific schools in certain school district
C) measure how much students get improved after being taught by certain teachers for one year √
D) collect the raw scores that students get after being taught by specific teachers for several years 答案：C
解析：根据题干的关键词 Obviously 和 student assessment into teacher evaluation，回文章找出处。在倒数第三段的第一句话中有相关的信息 Test scores—not the raw scores but measurements of how many students improved each year with specific teachers — are one obvious way to add student assessments to teacher evaluation。所以选C。 64. What do education experts say about the practice of evaluating teachers according to their students' test scores? A) It is the most effective way to evaluate teachers. B) It fails to judge the majority of experienced teachers. √
C) It cannot meet the needs of the underperforming teachers.
D) It is of great use to measure the top and bottom teachers. 答案：B 解析：根据题干关键词 education experts，回文章找出处。在倒数第二段中，有教育专家对于这种评价方式的评价，即只对前10%和后10%的教师的评价有用，而反映不出中间大部分的水平（According to education experts, the tests are useful only for measuring the top 10% and bottom 10% of teachers, and tell little about the vast majority in between.）。所以选B。 65. What can we learn from the last paragraph of this passage? A) Some reasonable and meaningful changes are doomed to take place.
B) Some practical and acceptable means are needed to appraise teachers. √
C) Teacher unions should obey all the rules and regulations of school districts.
D) Teacher unions should accept student assessment as one way to judge teachers. 答案：B
解析：根据题干提示，仔细阅读最后一段。并且对比四个选项。选项C和D比较容易排除，在选项A和B之间，选择B。因为文中说道：如果教师协会已经错失一些评价教师教学水平的方法，并且如果教师协会不能与学区主管部门合作，将会导致较多的诉讼。所以选B。
Part IV Translation
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. 1. 18世纪后半叶，法国曾经出现过一种叫做“法兰西灯影”的戏剧形式，在巴黎、马赛等地演出，一时引起轰动。那是传教士将中国的皮影戏介绍到法国后，法国戏剧家在皮影戏的基础上创造出来的艺术形式。在世界历史上，要说中国文化对世界的影响，皮影戏是不可忽视的。这种创自中国的戏剧形式，在13世纪就传到了中东，到了18世纪便有了世界性的影响。 答案： In the latter half of the 18th century, a form of drama arose in France called “French Light and Shadow”, which caused a great sensation when it was staged in Paris and Marseilles. The shadow play is an indigenous form of drama in China. In the 13th century it was introduced into the Middle East, and by the 18th century it had spread to other parts of the world.