Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形) Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意) 1.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 2.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链 3.dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散 4.acid n. 酸 5.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加 6.gravity n. 万有引力；重力 7.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 8.exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 9.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星 10.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 1.atmosphere n． 大气层；气氛 2.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的 3.thus adv. 因此；于是 4.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 5.climate n. 气候 6.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落 7.pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 8.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 9.system n. 系统；体系；制度 10.theory n. 学说；理论 11.physicist n. 物理学家 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变) 1.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 2.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 3.unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢prep.像n.爱好→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌n.不喜欢的事物→likely adj.可能的 4.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→harmless adj.无害的 [语境活用] 1.Some believe in the existence (exist) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth. 2.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3.Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm) 4.He often says that he doesn't believe in any 5.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；religion but meanwhile he respects others' 生存 religious freedom.(religion) 6.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；5.Since my younger brother is fond of biology,_he 难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 7.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.is determined to become a biologist when he grows up.(biology)． 6.As is known to us, everyone has his likes and

宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 8.biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家→biological adj.生物的 9.reaction n．反应；回应→react v．反应 (二)练中记短语——记牢用活

写准记牢 dislikes.My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)

语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.Once he has made up his mind, no one can 1.in_time 及时；终于 2.lay_eggs 下蛋 3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩 4.in_one's_turn 轮到某人 5.watch_out__for 密切注意；当心；提防 6.cheer__up 感到高兴；感到振奋 7.depend_on 依靠；取决于 8.break_out 突发；爆发 9.prevent_...from 阻止；制止 10.block_out 挡住(光线) 11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 12.now_that 既然 prevent him from carrying out the plan. 2.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning. 3.She married at 17 and gave_birth_to her first baby shortly after. 4.Mr.Brown intended to catch the early train, but he didn't get up in_time. 5.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street. 6.You've made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn,_suffer again！ 7.Only by practising time and time again can you get_the_hang_of the grammar rules. 8.She bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light. (三)仿写明句式——以用为本

教材原句 1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。 2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在倍数表达法：倍数＋as ...as ... 动词＋it＋adj./n.(宾补)＋to do。 句式解读 句式仿写 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我认为参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。 I think it_a_good_idea_to_bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party. 杰茜卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。 Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe

地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。 3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” 4.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 形容词作伴随状语。 now that 引导原因状语从句。 she will succeed this time. 既然你精通英语，你就可以申请这份工作。 Now_that_you_have_a_good_command_of_English,_you can apply for the job.

他在风雪中度过了七天，又冷又饿。 He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold_and_hungry. 二、课堂重点深化

1．harmful adj.有害的 [自主体验] 单句语法填空

①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ②As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 补全句子

③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.

这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。 [系统归纳]

(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害 对某人/某物有害 ?2?do/cause harm to sb./sth.? do/cause sb./sth.harm? ?? ??3?There is no harm in doing sth.? It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处 [重点强化] 易错处处防

④As we all know, the polluted water and air are harm to people's health.harm→harmful 佳句时时写(一句多译)

众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。

⑤What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_our_health.(harmful) ⑥It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n．) 2．exist vi.存在；生存 [自主体验] 单句语法填空

①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.

②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)． ③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school. [系统归纳]

(1)exist in exist on There exists ... (2)existence n. come into existence (3)existing adj. [重点强化] 易错处处防

④You can't imagine what difficulty they have exist on the money he is earning.exist→existing 佳句时时写

⑤众所周知，老人和年轻人之间存在代沟。

As is known to us, there_exists_a_generation_gap between the young and the old. 3．puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 [自主体验] 单句语法填空

①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. ②She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)． ③Hearing the manager's explanation, he had a puzzled (puzzle) expression on his face. [系统归纳]

(1)puzzle about/over (2)a puzzle to sb. (3)puzzling adj. puzzled adj. be puzzled about [重点强化] 易错对对碰

存在于……之中 靠……为生 某地有……；存在…… 存在；生存 产生；成立；开始存在 现存的；现行的 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 一件让某人感到困惑的事情 令人迷惑的 迷惑不解的；困惑的 对……迷惑不解