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½â£ºÇòÐÎÈÝÆ÷µÄÌå»ýΪV=£¨125-25£©g/1 g.cm-3=100 cm3

½«Ä³Ì¼Ç⻯ºÏÎï¿´³ÉÀíÏëÆøÌ壺PV=nRT , PV =mRT/ Mw Mw=

PV=(25.0163-25.0000)?8.314?300.15/(13330?100?10-6)

Mw =30.51(g/mol)

1.7 ½ñÓÐ20¡æµÄÒÒÍé¡«¶¡Íé»ìºÏÆøÌ壬³äÈëÒ»³é³ÉÕæ¿ÕµÄ200cm3ÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬Ö±µ½Ñ¹Á¦´ïµ½101.325kPa£¬²âµÃÈÝÆ÷ÖлìºÏÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª0.3897g¡£ÊÔÇó¸Ã»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐÁ½ÖÖ×é·ÖµÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý¼°·ÖѹÁ¦¡£ ½â£º½«ÒÒÍé(Mw=30g/mol,y1),¶¡Íé(Mw=58g/mol,y2)¿´³ÉÊÇÀíÏëÆøÌå:

PV=nRT n=PV/RT=8.3147?10-3mol (y1?30+(1-y1) ?58)?8.3147?10-3=0.3897 y1=0.401 P1=40.63kPa y2=0.599 P2=60.69kPa

1.9 ÂÈÒÒÏ©¡¢ÂÈ»¯Çâ¼°ÒÒÏ©¹¹³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖУ¬¸÷×é·ÖµÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ0.89£¬0.09¼°0.02¡£Óں㶨ѹÁ¦101.325kPaÏ£¬ÓÃË®

mRT/

ÎüÊÕÆäÖеÄÂÈ»¯Ç⣬ËùµÃ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐÔö¼ÓÁË·ÖѹÁ¦Îª2.670kPaµÄË®ÕôÆû¡£ÊÔÇóÏ´µÓºóµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐC2H3Cl¼°C2H4µÄ·ÖѹÁ¦¡£ ½â£º¸ù¾ÝµÀ¶û¶Ù¶¨ÂÉ·ÖѹÁ¦ ÎüÊÕºó

1.13 Ò»ÃܱոÕÐÔÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÂúÁË¿ÕÆø£¬²¢ÓÐÉÙÁ¿µÄË®¡£µ±ÈÝÆ÷ÓÚ300KÌõ¼þÏÂ´ïÆ½ºâʱ£¬ÈÝÆ÷ÄÚѹÁ¦Îª101.325kPa¡£Èô°Ñ¸ÃÈÝÆ÷ÒÆÖÁ373.15KµÄ·ÐË®ÖУ¬ÊÔÇóÈÝÆ÷ÖдﵽÐÂÆ½ºâʱӦÓеÄѹÁ¦¡£ÉèÈÝÆ÷ÖÐʼÖÕÓÐË®´æÔÚ£¬ÇҿɺöÂÔË®µÄÈκÎÌå»ý±ä»¯¡£300KʱˮµÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆøÑ¹Îª3.567kPa¡£

½â£º300K¿ÕÆøµÄ·ÖѹÁ¦Îª£º101.325kPa-3.567kPa=97.758kPa

373.15K

¸ÃÆøÌåµÄ·ÖѹÁ¦Îª£º97.758kPa¡Á

373.15K/300K=121.58kPa

373.15KË®µÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆøÑ¹Îª101.325kPa£¬¹Ê·ÖѹÁ¦Îª101.325kPa

ÈÝÆ÷ÖдﵽÐÂÆ½ºâʱӦÓеÄѹÁ¦Îª£º101.325kPa+121.58kPa=222.92kPa

1.18 °Ñ25¡æµÄÑõÆø³äÈë40dm3µÄÑõÆø¸ÖÆ¿ÖУ¬Ñ¹Á¦´ï202.7¡Á102kPa¡£ÊÔÓÃÆÕ±é»¯Ñ¹ËõÒò×ÓͼÇó¸ÖÆ¿ÖÐÑõÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿¡£ ½â£ºÑõÆøµÄTC=-118.57¡æ,PC=5.043MPa

Ñõ

Æø

µÄ

Tr=298.15/(273.15-118.57)=1.93,

Pr=20.27/5.043=4.02

Z=0.95 PV=ZnRT n=PV/ZRT=202.7

¡Á

105

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40

¡Á

10-3/(8.314

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298.15)/0.95=344.3(mol)

ÑõÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿m=344.3¡Á32/1000=11(kg)

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2.2 1molË®ÕôÆø(H2O,g)ÔÚ100¡æ,101.325kPaÏÂÈ«²¿Äý½á³ÉҺ̬ˮ¡£Çó¹ý³ÌµÄ¹¦¡£¼Ù

É裺Ïà¶ÔÓÚË®ÕôÆøµÄÌå»ý£¬ÒºÌ¬Ë®µÄÌå»ý¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔ²»¼Æ¡£

½â: n = 1mol

100¡æ,101.325kPa

H2O(g) H2O(l)

ºãκãѹÏà±ä¹ý³Ì,Ë®ÕôÆø¿É¿´×÷ÀíÏëÆøÌå, Ó¦ÓÃʽ£¨2.2.3£©

W =£­pamb¦¤V =£­p(Vl-Vg ) ¡Ö pVg = nRT = 3.102kJ

2.4 ϵͳÓÉÏàͬµÄʼ̬¾­¹ý²»Í¬Í¾¾¶´ïµ½ÏàͬµÄĩ̬¡£Èô;¾¶aµÄQa=2.078kJ,Wa=£­4.157kJ£»¶øÍ¾¾¶bµÄQb=£­0.692kJ¡£ÇóWb.

½â: ÈÈÁ¦Ñ§ÄܱäÖ»Óëʼĩ̬ÓйØ,Óë¾ßÌå;¾¶ÎÞ¹Ø,¹Ê ¦¤Ua = ¦¤Ub

ÓÉÈÈÁ¦Ñ§µÚÒ»¶¨Âɿɵà Qa + Wa = Qb + Wb

¡à Wb = Qa + Wa £­Qb = £­1.387kJ

2.8 ijÀíÏëÆøÌåCv,m=3/2R¡£½ñÓÐ¸ÃÆøÌå5molÔÚºãÈÝÏÂζÈÉý¸ß 50¡æ¡£Çó¹ý³ÌµÄW£¬Q£¬¦¤HºÍ¦¤U¡£

½â: ÀíÏëÆøÌåºãÈÝÉýιý³Ì n = 5mol CV,m = 3/2R

QV =¦¤U = n CV,m¦¤T = 5¡Á1.5R¡Á50 = 3.118kJ W = 0

¦¤H = ¦¤U + nR¦¤T = n Cp,m¦¤T

= n (CV,m+ R)¦¤T = 5¡Á2.5R¡Á50 = 5.196kJ

2.10 2molijÀíÏëÆøÌ壬Cp,m=7/2R¡£ÓÉʼ̬100kPa,50dm3£¬ÏȺãÈݼÓÈÈʹѹÁ¦Éý¸ß

ÖÁ200kPa£¬ÔÙºãѹÀäȴʹÌå»ýËõСÖÁ25dm¡£ÇóÕû¸ö¹ý³ÌµÄW£¬Q£¬¦¤HºÍ¦¤U¡£

3

½â: ÀíÏëÆøÌåÁ¬ÐøpVT±ä»¯¹ý³Ì. Ìâ¸ø¹ý³ÌΪ n = 5mol CV,m = 5/2R Cp,m = 7/2R

ºãѹ (2)

ºãÈÝ (1)

p1

200kPa p3 = p2

=100kPa p2 =

V1 = 50dm3 V2 = V1 V3=25dm3

T1 T2 T3 ʼ̬ ĩ̬ ¡ß p3V3 = p1V1 ¡à T3 = T1

1) ¦¤H ºÍ ¦¤U ֻȡ¾öÓÚʼĩ̬,ÓëÖмä¹ý³ÌÎÞ¹Ø ¡à ¦¤H = 0 ¦¤U = 0 2) W1 = 0

W2=£­pamb¦¤V=£­p(V3£­V2)

=200kPa¡Á(25£­50)¡Á10-3m3= 5.00kJ ¡à W = W1 + W2 = 5.00kJ

3) ÓÉÈÈÁ¦Ñ§µÚÒ»¶¨ÂÉ Q = ¦¤U£­W = £­5.00kJ

2.21 ÒÑ֪ˮ(H2O,l)ÔÚ100¡æµÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆøÑ¹ps=101.325kPa£¬ÔÚ´Ëζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦ÏÂË®µÄĦ¶û

Õô·¢ìÊ

¡£

ÇóÔÚ100¡æ,101.325kPaÏÂʹ1kgË®ÕôÆøÈ«²¿Äý½á³ÉÒºÌåˮʱµÄW£¬Q£¬¦¤U¦¤HºÍ¦¤H¡£ÉèË®ÕôÆøÊÊÓÃÀíÏëÆøÌå״̬·½³Ìʽ¡£ ½â: Ìâ¸ø¹ý³ÌµÄʼĩ̬ºÍ¹ý³ÌÌØÐÔÈçÏ£º

n = m/M = 1kg/18.015g¡¤mol-1 = 55.509mol

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