.50.42748R2Tc212 a12?pc12组元 Tc/K pc?10?5/PaVc?106/(m3?mol-1)Zc 90.1 255 158.5 a/(Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2)b/(m3?mol-1) 11 22 12 126.10 425.12 231.53 33.94 37.96 34.37 0.292 1.555 0.274 29.01 0.283 7.012 2.676×10-5 8.067×10-5 aM?0.32?1.555?2?0.3?0.7?7.012?0.72?29.01?17.30Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2 bM?0.3?2.676?10?5?0.7?8.067?10?5?6.450?10?5m3?mol-1
Z??1a?1?hbRT1.5117.30?h?????1.5?1?h?1?h6.450?10?5?8.314??462??h???1?h??1?h??3.25??1?h1?h??
bbp6.450?10?5?69?1050.1159h????
VZRTZ?8.314?462Z进行试差迭代得:Z?0.746, h=0.156
V?ZRT0.746?8.314?462?43?1??4.15?10m?mol 6p6.9?10??(5) 三项的维里方程为:
Z?pVBC?1??2 RTVV2BM?y12B11?2y1y2B12?y2B22?0.32?(14)?2?0.3?0.7?(?9.5)?0.72?(?265)?10?6????1.326?10?4(m3?mol-1)23CM????yiyjykCijk?y13C111?3y1y2C112??3y1y2C122?y2C2222?0.33?(1300)?3?0.32?0.7?(4950)?3?0.3?0.72?7270?0.73?(30250)?10?12?1.455?10?3(m6?mol-2)将以上结果代入三项维里方程得:
?ijk?69?105V1.326?10?41.455?10?3?1?? 28.314?462VV试差求解得:V?4.25?10m?mol
?43?12-25.一压缩机,每小时处理454kg甲烷及乙烷的等摩尔混合物。气体在50×105Pa、422K下离开压缩机,试问离开压缩机的气体体积流率为多少cm?h?
解:混合物的分子量为M?05MCH4?0.5MC2H6?0.5?16.04?0.5?30.07?23.06 混合物的流率为:n?3?1454?19.7kmol?h-1 23.06??利用Kay规则求虚拟临界常数:
Tpc??yiTci?0.5?190.56?0.5?305.32?247.94K
ippc??yipci?0.5?4.599?0.5?4.872?4.736MPa
i虚拟对比条件为:Tpr?T422??1.702 Tpc247.94ppr?p5??1.056 ppc4.736用图2-11判断,应该使用维里方程,现将所需数据列于下表,其中第三行数据按照(2-48a)~(2-48e)式计算。 ij 11 22 12 Tcij/K 190.56 305.32 241.21 pcij/ MPa 4.599 4.872 4.701 Vcij/(m3?kmol-1) Zcij 0.09860 0.1455 0.1205 0.286 0.279 0.2825 ?ij 0.011 0.099 0.055 采用二阶舍项的virial方程计算混合物的性质,需要计算混合物的交互第二virial系数,计算结果见下表, ij 11 22 12 由式(2-46)得:
2BM?y12B11?2y1y2B12?y2B22?0.52?(?0.01165)?2?0.5?0.5?(?0.03528)?0.52?(?0.08287)B(0) -0.0353 -0.168 -0.0894 B(1) 0.133 0.0948 0.1226 Bij/(m3?kmol-1) -0.01165 -0.08287 -0.03528 ??0.04127(m3?kmol-1)RT8.314?103?422?33-1V??B??0.04127?0.6604?10(m?kmol) 6p5.0?10体积流率 nV?19.7?0.6604?13.01m?h?3?1?
2-26.H2和N2的混合物,按合成氨反应的化学计量比,加入到反应器中
N2?3H2?2NH3
混合物进反应器的压力为600×105Pa,温度为298K,流率为6m3?h?1。其中15%的N2转化为NH3,离开反应器的气体被分离后,未反应的气体循环使用,试计算:
(1)每小时生成多少公斤NH3?
(5) 若反应器出口物流(含NH3的混合物)的压力为550×105Pa、温度为451K,
试问在内径D=0.05m管内的流速为多少?
解:(1)这是一个二元混合物系pVT的计算问题。使用RK方程进行计算
Z?1a?1?hbRT1.5?h??? 1?h??h?bbp ?VZRT2a?y12a11?2y1y2a12?y2a22
b?y1b1?y2b2
.50.42748R2Tc212 a12?pc12组元 Tc/K pc?10?5/PaVc?106/(m3?mol-1)Zc 90.1 64.2 76.45 0.292 0.305 0.299 a/(Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2)b/(m3?mol-1) 1.555 0.1427 0.4727 11(N2) 126.10 22(H2) 33.18 12 64.68 33.94 13.13 21.03 2.676×10-5 1.820×10-5 aM?0.252?1.555?2?0.25?0.75?0.4727?0.752?0.1427?0.3547Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2bM?0.25?2.676?10?5?0.75?1.820?10?5?2.034?10?5m3?mol-1
Z??1a?1?hbRT1.510.3547?h?????1.5?1?h?1?h2.034?10?5?8.314??298??h???1?h??1?h??0.4077??1?h?1?h?
bbp2.034?10?5?600?1050.4926h????
VZRTZ?8.314?298Z进行试差迭代得:Z?1.424 h=0.346
V?ZRT1.424?8.314?298??58.8?10?6m3?mol?1 6p60?10??6?106?1.020?105mol?h?1 摩尔流率n?58.8??N2的摩尔流率为:nN2?0.25?1.020?105=2.551?104mol?h?1 生成的NH3量为:2.551?10?0.15?2=7.653?10mol?h43???-1?
(2)这是一个三元混合物系pVT的计算问题。继续使用RK方程进行计算 反应器出口物流组成:以入口1molN2为基准 N2:1—0.15=0.85 H2:3—3×0.15=2.55 NH3:0.15×2=0. 30
则总物质的量为:0.85+0.30+2.55=3.75 各物质的摩尔分率为:
0.85?0.230 3.752.55yH2??0.689
3.750.30yNH3??0.081
3.75yN2?以NH3作为第三组元,补充数据如下: 组元 Tc/K pc?10?5/PaVc?106/(m3?mol-1)Zc 72.5 81.0 68.3 0.242 0.267 0.274 a/(Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2)b/(m3?mol-1) 8.683 3.666 1.109 33(NH3) 405.65 13 23 226.17 116.01 112.78 62.0 38.6 2.591×10-5 22aM?y12a11?y2a22?y3a33?2y1y2a12?2y1y3a13?2y2y3a23?0.232?1.555?0.6892?0.1427?0.0812?8.683?2?0.23?0.689?0.4727?
2?0.23?0.081?3.666?2?0.081?0.689?1.109?0.617Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2?5??
bM?y1b1?y2b2?y3b3??0.23?2.676?0.689?1.820?0.081?2.591??10?5?2.079?10?m3?mol-1?