循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压模糊PID控制系统的设计

循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压模糊PID控制系统的设计

摘要

近些年来，随着我国社会经济的发展，也越来越重视节能减排的环节。在火力发电方面，循环流化床锅炉已经成为了主流机组。为了响应号召，进一步实现生产环节的节能减排，在循环流化床锅炉方面，必须对相关子系统原有的控制策略进行优化和改进。

本文主要研究的对象是循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压，炉膛压力是一个时变、非线性且有滞后的控制对象，传统的模糊控制和常规的PID控制方法都存在一定的缺陷，始终无法较好的实现控制。因此，本文采取传统的模糊控制与常规PID控制相结合的方法，综合各自的优点，实现对炉膛负压的模糊 PID 控制。再利用 MATLAB 对系统进行仿真，通过与常规PID控制器的对比，体现出了模糊 PID 控制响应速度快稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、鲁棒性好等优点，达到了预期的控制效果。可见把模糊控制与PID控制融合在一起，形成的模糊PID控制具有其优秀的控制品质，将来不仅运用在炉膛负压的控制上，在其他方面同样具有很大的研究价值和应用推广前景。

关键词：循环流化床锅炉；炉膛负压；模糊PID；MATLAB仿真

循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压模糊PID控制系统的设计

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER FURNACE NEGATIVE PRESSURE FUZZY PID CONTROL

SYSTEM DESIGN

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the development of our social economy, more and more emphasis on energy conservation and emissions reduction. In terms of thermal power, has become the mainstream of circulating fluidized bed boiler unit. In order to response to a call for further implementation of production, energy saving and emission reduction in circulating fluidized bed boiler, related subsystems must be the original control strategy is optimized and improved.

The main object of this study is circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace pressure, furnace pressure is a time-varying, nonlinear and hysteresis control object, the traditional fuzzy control and conventional PID control methods have some shortcomings, still can not compared with achieve good control. Therefore, we take the traditional fuzzy control and conventional PID control method of combining integrated their respective advantages, fuzzy PID control furnace pressure. Then the system simulation using MATLAB, by comparison with conventional PID controllers, reflecting the advantages of fuzzy PID control, fast response, good stability, strong anti-interference ability and good robustness to achieve the desired control effect.

KEY WORDS: Circulating fluidized bed boiler; The boiler furnace

negative pressure control; Fuzzy PID; The MATLAB simulation

循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压模糊PID控制系统的设计

目 录

1 绪论.................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题背景与意义..................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................... 1 1.3 本文研究的主要内容............................................................................. 3 2 循环流化床锅炉系统概述................................................................................ 4

2.1 循环流化床锅炉系统简介..................................................................... 4 2.2 循环流化床锅炉工作原理..................................................................... 4 2.3 循环流化床锅炉的优点......................................................................... 5 2.4 循环流化床锅炉燃烧特点..................................................................... 6 3 炉膛负压控制方案............................................................................................ 8

3.1 炉膛压力控制系统................................................................................. 8 3.2 炉膛负压动态特性................................................................................. 8 3.3 炉膛负压模糊PID控制方案 ................................................................ 9 3.4 炉膛负压系统建模............................................................................... 10 4 模糊PID控制系统设计 ................................................................................. 12

4.1 模糊控制............................................................................................... 12

4.1.1 模糊控制器的基本组成............................................................ 12 4.1.2 模糊控制基本原理.................................................................... 13 4.2 PID控制理论 ........................................................................................ 14

4.2.1 PID控制基本原理 ..................................................................... 14 4.2.2 PID控制算法 ............................................................................. 16 4.2.3 PID参数整定 ............................................................................. 16 4.3 模糊PID控制 ...................................................................................... 17

4.3.1 模糊PID基本结构 ................................................................... 17 4.3.2模糊PID 控制基本原理 ........................................................... 18

循环流化床锅炉炉膛负压模糊PID控制系统的设计

4.3.3模糊PID控制设计 .................................................................... 18

5 仿真研究.......................................................................................................... 24

5.1 仿真系统............................................................................................... 24

5.1.1 MATLAB简介 ........................................................................... 24 5.1.2 Simulink简介 ............................................................................ 24 5.2 仿真比较............................................................................................... 25 5.3 仿真比较............................................................................................... 29

5.3.1 常规比较.................................................................................... 29 5.3.2 抗干扰性能比较........................................................................ 30

6 总结.................................................................................................................. 33 参考文献.............................................................................................................. 34 致谢...................................................................................................................... 37