fixed phrase spread in the folk, with brief sentence reflecting profound truth, and summarized experience of society. Idioms as one of the forms of literature are as lively as poems, dignified as essays and brief as proverbs.⑷ We will talk about the idioms in broad sense which include phrases, proverbs sayings allusions and so on. The English and Chinese which contain a great number of idioms have a long history. Both of the two languages are connotational and humorous or serious and elegance not only concise and comprehensive but also vivid and full of wit and humor. Due to the difference of geography and religious faith and living habit, English and Chinese idioms convey different national culture characteristics and information. They have a close and inseparable relationship with cultural tradition. The cultural factors in idioms are the difficult points in translation.

1. The culture differences reflected in English and Chinese

Zhu Guangqian wrote in The Talk about Translation: “the most difficult to understand and translate the foreign literature is the associative meaning……” . “It produced a special affection atmosphere, very profound and delicate. You can?t find it in the dictionary but it is quite important to the literature. If we do not familiar with the local customs and history cultural background, we will feel at sea about the literal meaning, especially hard to deal with when we

translate.” Edward Taylor , an English culture anthropology, firstly put forward culture as a conception in the book named The Original Culture(1871), and described as: “culture is complex, it contains knowledge, faith, art, law, moral, custom and the ability acquired in the society.”⑸ So culture covering a large square ,it is a important system. Language as an important port of culture reflects the various cultural phenomenon. This paper did some conclusion that the cultural differences reflected by the idiom are mainly the following aspects.

1.1 culture difference ——national race

The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of news articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices, factories, and schools across the country. The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities.

Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination still exist, unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing, schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans. However, the vast majority of American s are working, studying, and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands. You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains, in theaters, restaurants, rest room, in sops and libraries, in offices and factories. Close personal friendships between Blacks and Whites, full trust and social relationships are still not common, except in certain areas. However, even in this the slowest area of progress-there has been change, especially among young people.

1.2 culture difference——Authority

In many countries, authority is seldom, if ever, questioned , either because it is highly respected , or because it is feared . Sometimes, too. Because rank has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority. For

example, children are not expected to question their teachers in school .It may be considered improper for young businessmen to suggest ideas that differ from those of older, more experienced members of the business.

In other countries, including America, children are trained to question and search for answers. When a child asks a question, he will often be told to go to the library and find the answer for himself. By the time students reach the age of 14 or 15, they may be developing exciting new ideas in all fields of science and the arts. To encourage such creativity , there are many national prizes offered to students , every year for their scientific discoveries and artistic accomplishments.

This interest in questioning and searching may be considered by some people as bad for young people's manners , that young people lack respect for authority . This impression may be created when visitors notice young Americans asking questions and arguing with older people. However, this is because many Americans have a different attitude toward authority than may exist in other areas of the world. In a work or business situation, ideas are freely and openly discussed and argued. It is important to remember tat it is the person's ideas that are being questioned, not the individual himself.. The two are quite separate. The purpose of the searching, questioning , and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution, so that the work of the business can progress in the most effective manner possible. As was mentioned earlier, you may notice the some questioning in social conversations. Although some individuals may think that Americans are rude because of their direct manner with people, they are merely trying to learn more about your ideas.

1.3 culture difference——Value

In many countries, people will tell you what they think you want to here, whether or not it is true. To them, this is the polite thing to do. To Americans it is considered confusing even dishonest to avoid telling the true facts. Even if avoiding the truth is done only to be polite . It is helpful to remember that different cultures consider some matters more important than others. Wit Americans, however, trust and truth are most important. One of the worst things that can be said about someone in America is that “you cannot trust him\

Considering such differences in values among the many cultures of the world, it is natural that misunderstandings will occur. \

standing by the edge of a road. In some countries, because the man realizes the traveler is tired and eager to reach the next village, he will politely say, ' Just down the road \more encouraging, gentler , and therefore the answer the traveler wants to hear. So the American drives alone for many more hours before he comes to the village. The traveler is angry, feeling \know quite will well what the distance was.

If a visitor to the United States asked an American standing at the edge of a road how far the next town was, the American would think it dishonest if he said it was near when he knew it was really 24 miles away. Although he, too , would be sympathetic with the tired traveler , he would say, \disappointed, but he would know what to expect, and there would be no misunderstanding.

2. Different aspects reflected in idiom 2.1. The difference of living environment

The idiom produce related closely with people?s labor and life. England is an island country, it had more advanced seafaring than the others all over the world. But Chinese has been living on Asian continent. People cannot live without land. If someone use money lavishly and spend extravagantly, English will analogy as “spend money like water”, but in Chinese as “挥金如土”. There are a great number of idioms related with boats and water in English, but there are few idioms to respond completely in Chinese. For example, translate “to rest one?s