father makes him.
接着凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的父亲凯文·汉利1966。他终日用功，这样就可以上大学，进法学院。他住在
漂亮的房子里。他一生在和平环境中过着富裕的生活。他对女朋友说，等他有了儿子，他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼 自己的儿子整天读书。
16 At that point, Kevin Hanley 1990 wakes up, shaken by his dream. He is relieved to be away
from Ireland and the steel mill and Iwo Jima. He goes back to sleep.
就在这时， 凯文·汉利1990被自己的梦惊醒了。他离开了爱尔兰，离开了那家钢铁厂，离开了硫黄岛，不由 松了口气。他又睡着了。
17 When he dreams again, he is his own son, Kevin Hanley 2020. There is gunfire all day and all
night. His whole generation forgot why there even was law, so there is none. People pay no attention
to politics, and government offers no services to the working class.
他接着做梦，这次成了他自己的儿子凯文·汉利2020。枪声日夜不停。他那整个一代人忘却了过去为什么要有
法律，因此现在没有法律了。人们丝毫不关心政治，政府不为工人阶级提供服务。
18 Kevin 2020's father, who is of course Kevin 1990 himself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned
by the Japanese. Kevin 2020 is a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians. Public
education stops at the sixth grade. Americans have long since stopped demanding good education for their children. 凯文2020的父亲，自然就是凯文1990本人，在日本人开的一家工厂当清洁工。凯文2020在一家专为有钱
的欧洲人和亚洲人开的酒店里当行李工。公共教育到六年级为止。美国人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。
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19 The last person Kevin 1990 sees in his dream is his own grandson. Kevin 2050 has no useful
skills. Machines built in Japan do all the complex work, and there is little manual work to be done.
Without education, without discipline, he cannot earn an adequate living wage. He lives in a slum
where there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy and survives by searching through trash piles.
凯文1990最后梦见的是他自己的孙子。凯文2050没有有用的技能。日本制造的机器包揽了所有复杂的工作，
没有什么体力活可做。没有受过教育，没有受过训练，他挣不到足够的钱养活自己。他住在贫民窟，没有暖气，没
有卫生设备，无法不受四邻干扰，靠搜捡破烂度日。
20 In a word, he lives much as Kevin Hanley 1835 did in Ireland. But one day, Kevin Hanley 2050
is befriended by a visiting Japanese anthropologist studying the decline of America. The man
explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary
to start to acquire financial capital. Hard work, education, saving and discipline can do anything.
\ashes after you defeated us in a war about a hundred years ago.\总之，他的生活就像凯文·汉利1835在爱尔兰时一模一样。可是有一天，凯文·汉利2050与一位研究美国衰
亡史的来访日本人类学家交上了朋友。那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的
人力资本。勤奋、教育、节俭、纪律能成就一切。“我们就是这样从一百多年前你们打败我们的战争废墟中站起来的。”
21 \astonished. It seems as impossible as
Brazil defeating the United States would sound in 1990. Kevin 2050 swears that if he ever has
children, he will make sure they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. \
make a living by one's mind instead of by stealing,\That would be a miracle.\
“美国在战争中打败日本？”凯文2050问道。他惊讶之极。这听起来就像说巴西在1990年打败美国一样不可 思议。凯文2050发誓，如果他有孩子的话，他一定要让他们工作、上__________学、学习并约束自己。“能凭自己的脑力，而 不是靠偷窃为生，”他说，“那将会是个奇迹。”
22 When Kevin 1990 wakes up, next to him is his copy of The Wealth of Nations. He opens it and the
first sentence to catch his eye is this: \proper use of the intellectual faculties of a
man is, if possible, more contemptible than even a coward.\凯文1990醒了过来，身旁放着他的那本《各国的财富》。他打开书，跳入眼帘的第一句话就是：“一个不能恰
当运用人类智力的人极可能比懦夫更可鄙。”
23 Kevin's father walks in. \look at those headphones.\
凯文的父亲走了进来。“好了，儿子，”他说，“咱们去看耳机吧。” 24 \Pop,\“抱歉了，爸爸，”凯文1990说，“我得看书学习了。” Part Text B Ditch Ⅲ the Calculator
Do you think the use of calculators in learning math is a good idea? If you do, perhaps this article will change your mind.
你认为学数学时使用计算器好吗？如果你认为好，也许这篇文章会改变你的看法。
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Ditch the Calculator Diane Hunsaker
1 I sigh inwardly as I watch yet another student, this one a ninth grader, struggle with an advanced
math problem that requires simple multiplication. He mentally battles with 5×6, looks longingly at the
off-limits calculator on the corner of my desk and finally guesses the answer: \扔了计算器 黛安·亨萨克
看着又一个学生，这次是个九年级学生，费劲地解一道需要运用简单的乘法运算的高级数学题，我暗自叹气。
他苦苦地心算着5×6，眼巴巴地望着我桌头那个可望不可及的计算器，最后凭空猜测了一个答案：35。
2 The growth in the use of calculators in the classroom amazes me. The students I tutor tell me
regularly that their teachers allow unlimited access to this tool. The National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics actively encourages its use. Recently I attended a math seminar where the instructor
casually stated that teachers were no longer reluctant to permit calculators in the classroom. Now
\I hear from the education
establishment about the benefits of these devices in schools, the less surprised I am when middleand
high-school students who have difficulty with arithmetic call for tutoring in algebra and geometry.
Having worked six years as an electrical engineer before switching to teaching, I often suggest to my
students that they consider technical and scientific careers, but I'm discouraged when I see an
increasing number of kids who lack simple math skills.
课堂上使用计算器越来越多，这令我惊讶。我辅导的学生常常告诉我，他们的老师允许无限制地使用这一工具。
全国数学教师协会积极鼓励使用计算器。最近我参加了一个数学研讨会，会上一位教师随口说，教师已不再不愿意
让学生在课堂上使用计算器了。目前“人人”都认识到了计算器的重要性，她说。(1) 我听到教育机构谈论学校里使
用这些工具的好处，听到越多，对于算术有困难的初、高中生需要家庭教师辅导几何、代数一事，我就越觉得不足
为怪了。由于改行教书前我曾当过六年电气工程师，因此常常建议学生将来从事技术或科学工作，但看到越来越多
的孩子缺乏基本的数学运算技能，我不由深感失望。
3 Educators have many arguments in defense of calculators, but each one ignores the reason that
we teach math in the first place. Math trains the mind. By this I mean that students learn to think
logically and rationally, to proceed from known information to desired information and to become
competent with both numbers and ideas. These skills are something that math and science teach and
are essential for adolescents to become thinking, intelligent members of society.
教育工作者有诸多理由为使用计算器辩解，但每每都忽略了我们教数学的首要理由。数学能培养智力。我是说，
学生能学会逻辑地、理性地思维，学会根据已知信息找到所需信息，进而变得既会运算又善于思维。这类技能是通
过数学和科学课程传授的，对青少年成长为善于思考的、有才智的社会成员有着重要意义。
4 Some teachers argue that calculators let students concentrate on how to solve problems
instead of getting tied up with tedious computations. (2)Having a calculator doesn't make it any easier
for a student to decide how to attack a math problem. Rather, it only encourages him to try every
combination of addition, subtraction, multiplication or division without any thought about which would
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be more appropriate. Some of my elementary-school children look at a word problem and instantly
guess that adding is the correct approach. When I suggest that they solve the problem this way
without a calculator, they usually pause and think before continuing. A student is much more likely to