was hidden in her other hand. 灵长目动物的骗术
有时动物的智能可以从其欺骗的企图中得以证明。西雅图伍德兰公园动物园饲养员海伦·休曼回忆道，一天她从
喂食窗口给猩猩梅拉蒂扔了个桔子。梅拉蒂没有移动身体去接，而是眼睛直视休曼，伸出手来。休曼以为桔子准是
滚到一边拿不到了，就又给了它一个。可当梅拉蒂走开时，休曼却注意到原来那只桔子就藏在它另一只手里。
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12 Towan, the colony's dominant male, watched this whole trick, and the next day he, too, looked
Shewman in the eye and pretended that he had not yet received an orange. \
have one?\gaze steadily and held out his hand. Giving in,
she gave him another one, then saw that he had been hiding his orange underneath his foot.
猩猩园的头领托温目睹了这个把戏。第二天，这头雄猩猩也是眼睛盯着休曼，装作没有接到桔子。“你肯定没拿
到吗？”休曼问道。它仍直视着她，同时把手伸了出来。她让步了，又给了它一个，随后却看见它把桔子藏在脚下。
13 What is intelligence anyway? If life is about survival of a species ─ and intelligence is meant to
serve that survival ─ then we can't compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long
before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Still, it is comforting to realize
that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.
智能究竟是什么？如果生命就是讲物种的生存——而智能是为了生存——那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆大
小的海龟相提并论，海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在，并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来。尽管如此，
想到除了我们人类，尚有其它物种，即便它们的视野比我们还狭小，却也能退后一步，清醒地审视周围的世界，_______不 由人深感宽慰。
Part Ⅲ Text B Do Animals Fall in Love?
Do animals fall in love? These striking tales suggest that they may, but read on and decide for yourself.
动物也有情？这些令人注目的故事表明它们也许就是如此，不妨读后自作判断。
Do Animals Fall in Love?
Jeffery Moussaieff Masson and Susan McCarthy
1 Humans believe they know what love is, and value it highly. Yet many who study animal behavior
are cautious about saying animals experience love, preferring to say they are not displaying \
love\genes. 动物也有情？
杰弗里·M.·马森 苏珊·麦卡锡
人类相信自己懂得什么是爱情，并高度珍视它。然而，许多动物行为研究者在谈及动物是否体验爱情时都非常
谨慎，他们喜欢说动物表现的不是“真正的情爱”，而仅仅是受各自遗传因子的支配。
2 Is it really as simple as all that? What about the animals who stay together until one dies?
Evolutionary biologists often say that pairing is a way to ensure adequate parental care, but it's not
always clear this is the case. Some animals continue to accompany each other when not raising
young. And they appear to exhibit sorrow or show a sense of loss when one of the pair dies.
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情况果真如此简单吗？如何解释那些终生相伴直至死亡的动物呢？进化论生物学家常说，配对是保障足够的亲
本照顾的一种方式，但实际情况是否如此，并不总是很清楚。有的动物不在生儿育女的时候依然相伴。而且它们在 配偶死后表现出悲哀或是一种失落感。
3 Konrad Lorenz, studying the behavior of geese, describes a typical example. Ado's mate,
Susanne-Elisabeth, was killed by a fox. He stood silently by her partly eaten body, which lay across
their nest. In the following days, he hung his head and his eyes became vacant. Because he did not
have the heart to defend himself from the attacks of the other geese, his status in the flock fell sharply.
A year went by. Finally Ado pulled himself together and found another mate.
研究鹅的行为特点的康拉德·洛伦茨讲述了一个典型的例子。厄杜的配偶苏珊娜·伊丽莎白被一头狐狸咬死了。它
默默地守着横躺在窝巢里被吃掉一半的尸体。在接下来的日子里，它垂着头，目光也变得迷惘。由于它无心抵抗其
它鹅的攻击，它在鹅群里的地位急剧下降。一年过去了。最后阿杜重振精神，另找了一个伴。
4 Animals may fall in love dramatically. According to Lorenz two geese are most likely to \
love\separated and then meet again. (1) He
compared this to a man who meets a woman and ─ astonished that she is the same girl he used to
see running around in a school uniform ─ falls in love and marries her. According to parrot specialist
Sue Athan, it is common for some parrots to fall in love at first sight.
动物会戏剧性地相爱。据洛伦茨观察，幼时相知，而后分开，嗣后又重逢的两头鹅最可能?堕入情网?。 (1) 他
将此比作一位男士遇见一位女士，男士惊讶地发现此人正是自己过去常常看见、身着校服东奔西跑的那个女孩，于
是爱上了她，并娶其为妻。根据鹦鹉研究专家苏·埃森的观察，有些鹦鹉常常会一见钟情。
5 Instinct may urge animals to love, but it does not say whom they will love. Seeking a mate for a
male parrot, Athan purchased a fine-feathered young female and introduced the two birds. To
Athan's disappointment, \nevertheless acted like the female wasn't even in the room.\
本能或许促使动物相爱，但本能并不叫它们去爱谁。埃森为了替一只雄鹦鹉找只配偶，买了只羽毛漂亮的雌性
幼鹦鹉，并让两只鹦鹉相识。令埃森失望的是，“那只雄鸟表现得就好像雌鸟根本就不在房间里似的。”
6 A few months later Athan was given an older female in extremely poor condition. \
a feather from the neck down,\twisted. She had lines around her eyes.
And yet the male thought she was the love of his life.\birds immediately paired off and eventually produced young.
几个月之后，有人给了埃森一只形象极其可怕、年纪较大的雌鸟。“它脖子以下就没有一根羽毛，”她说，“她的
爪子都扭曲了。眼圈处还有皱纹。可那只雄鸟却认定此鸟乃其一生挚爱。”两只鸟很快就双飞双宿，最终还孵出了幼 鸟。
7 (2) Zookeepers know, to their despair, that many species of animals will not breed with just any
other animal of their species. Timmy, a gorilla in the Cleveland Zoo, declined to mate with two
female gorillas introduced to him. But when he met a gorilla named Kate, they took to each other at
once. When it was thought that Kate was unable to reproduce, because of her advanced age,
zookeepers decided to send Timmy to another zoo, where he might have a chance to breed successfully.
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(2) 动物园的饲养员知道，许多种动物不会随便就与同类动物交配，他们对此一筹莫展。克利夫兰动物园的一
头大猩猩蒂米不肯与介绍给它的两头雌性大猩猩交配。而当它遇见一头名叫凯特的大猩猩时，彼此一见钟情。考虑
到凯特年纪太大不能生育，饲养员决定把蒂米送往另一个动物园，在那儿它或许有机会顺利交配。
8 Defending the zoo's decision to separate the animals, the zoo director said, \
people start to put human emotions in animals. We can't think of them as some kind of magnificent
human being: they are animals. When people start saying animals have emotions, they cross the
bridge of reality.\shed light on the emotional life of chimpanzees,
also writes, (3) I cannot think of chimpanzees developing emotions, one for the other, comparable
in any way to the tenderness, protectiveness, tolerance and spiritual joy that are the mark of human love in its truest and deepest sense.\
动物园园长在为该动物园将两头大猩猩分开的决定作辩护时说：“当人们将人类的情感 赋予动物时，本人深感
厌恶。我们不能将它们视为某种了不起的人：它们仅仅是动物。人们在说动物有感情时，他们就逾越了现实的鸿沟。”
简·古多尔的研究工作使人们对黑猩猩的情感生活有所了解，但她在其著作中也写道：“(3) 我无法想象黑猩猩之间会
产生一种可以与最真挚、最深沉的人类之爱相比的情感，如温柔、呵护、容忍和心灵快乐。
9 Yet there is evidence of love in the devotion that members of pairs heap on each other. Geese,
swans and mandarin ducks are all symbols of marital faithfulness; field biologists tell us this is true
to life. Coyotes, often thought of as representing trickery, would make equally good symbols of
devotion, since they also form lasting pairs. Observations indicate that they begin to form pair
attachments before they are sexually active.
然而，一对对动物相互倾注的忠诚之中却有爱的明证。鹅、天鹅以及鸳鸯都是