复合句和非谓语动词之间的转换

1. 名词性从句和非谓语动词之间的转换：将名词性从句变为动名词短语、动词不定式短语等。 A. 主语从句：

1. That the students know English helps them in learning French.

The students’ knowing English helps them in learning French.

2. That he was ill made his mother worried. His being ill made his mother worried.

3. That she was chosen made us happy. Her being chosen made us happy.

4. When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. Where and where to hold the meeting is unknown.

5. It seemed that they were eating something cooked on the fire.

They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire. 6. It is said that the book has been translated into many other languages.

The book is said to have been translated into many other languages.

7. He happened that he was at home that day. He happened to be at home that day.

B. 表语从句

1. Our worry is that you depend too much on him. Our worry is your depending too much on him.

2. The trouble is that they were not able to agree with each other.

The trouble is their not being able to agree with each other.

3. My idea is that he should go without delay. My idea is for him to go without delay.

C.宾语从句

1. I regret that I haven’t accepted your advice. I regret not having accepted your advice.

2. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.

He suggests our making better use of the school library. 3. I don’t know what I can do with the unwelcome fellow. I don’t know what to do with the unwelcome fellow. 4. I warned that he should not drive the car after drinking. I warned him not to drive the car after driving. 5. He was afraid that he was scolded for his mistake. He was afraid of being scolded for his mistake. 6. He was astonished that she knew you.

He was astonished at her knowing you. D. 当从句是同位语从句：

We heard the news that our team had won. We heard of our team having won. 2. 定于从句和非谓语动词之间的转换

A. 将定语从句变成分词短语、动词不定式短语（主动关系用doing, to do; 被动关系用done, being done, to be done The building which was built last week is our library. The building built last week is our library. He lives in a house that faces the south. He lives in a house facing the south.

The building which is being built now is our library. The building which had been built last year is our hospital. The building built last year is our hospital. The man who is talking to Tom is his young brother. The man talking to Tom is his young brother.

定语从句中如含有情态动词或先行词前有序数词、Last、only、等修饰时变定语从句为不定式短语作后置定语 You need someone who can look after you. You need someone to look after you.

He was the first that arrived and the last that left He was the first to arrive and the last to leave.

The question which will be discussed tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.

The question to be discussed tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.

C. 若定语从句中含有“拥有”意义的动词has, have, had 时，用介词with, without.

The old man who had a pipe in his mouth stood there. The old man with a pipe in his mouth stood there.

The teacher is looking for a rule that did not have an exception.

The teacher is looking for a rule without an exception. 3. 状语从句与非谓语动词之间的转换

（1） 当从句是条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从

句时

把状语从句变成分词短语（主动关系用doing, 完成关系用having done; 被动关系用done; 完成时的被动关系用having been done

当主句和从句的主语一致时

While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. (while) waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. Because I hadn’t received an answer I wrote again. Not having received an answer, I wrote again.

As he was educated by the party, he became a great fighter. Educated by the Party, he became a great fighter.

Being educated by the Party, he became a great fighter.（不正确） Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

当主句和从句的主语不一致时（独立主格结构，其前不能保留连接词）

When spring comes, the fields are full of life. Spring coming, the fields are full of life. If weather permits, we’ll go for a spring outing. Weather permitting, we’ll go for a spring outing. Because he was ill, his wife had to attend to him at home. Being ill, his wife had to attend to him at home.

Because there was no bus, we must come back home on foot. There being no bus, we must come back home on foot. When everything was prepared, we began to carry out the project.

Everything prepared, we began to carry out the project. B. 用介词短语替代从句

He was praised because he had won the prize. He was praised for having won the prize. As soon as I arrive there, I’ll telephone you. On arriving there, I’ll telephone you. After the work was done, he went home. With the work done, he went home. If you help us, we will finish the task in time. With you to help us, we will finish the task in time.

2.当从句是结果状语从句、目的状语从句时

用表结果的分词短语或表目的的不定式替换从句（只有当主句和从句的主语一致时）

They set out early in order that (so that) they can arrive there in time.

They set out early in order to (so as to) arrive there in time. She was so excited that she couldn’t go to sleep. She was too excited to go to sleep She was so excited as not go to sleep. 4. 并列复合句和非谓语动词之间的转换

有些以and连接的复合句，可以把变成逗号，把and后面的从句变成独立主格结构、with复合结构或非谓语动词 The boy stood there and his right hand was raised.

The boy stood there, his right hand raised. He climbed in and a sword was in his hand. He climbed in, with a sword in his hand. He climbed in, a sword in his hand. He climbed in, sword in hand. His father died and left him an orphan. His father died, leaving him an orphan.

The teacher entered the lab and (he) was followed by his students.

The teacher entered the lab, followed by his students.