1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe...

Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge—and more.

This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.

4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.

5. …our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace…

The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…

We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.

7. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction…

Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place

8. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war…

Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.

9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,…

So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.

11. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.

Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country .

12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our

deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,…

Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.

Lesson6

1. Science is committed to the universal.

Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world.

2. The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.

The car model, called Fiesta, seems to have disappeared completely. 3. It was the automotive equivalent of the International Style.

The idea of a world car is similar to the idea of having a world style for architecture.

4. As in architecture, so in automaking.

Things that are happening in auto making are similar to those happening in architecture.

5. No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geography and culture.

The modern man no longer has very distinct individual traits shaped by a special environment and culture．

6. The price he pays is that he no longer has a home in the traditional sense of the word.

The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the world．

7．The benefit is that he begins to suspect home in the traditional sense in another name for limitations.

The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities． 8．The universalizing imperative of technology is irresistable.

The compelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resisted．

9．...when every artist thought he owed it to himself to turn his back on the Eiffel Tower, as a protest against the architectural blasphemy,

When every artist thought it was his duty to show his contempt for and objection to the Eiffel Tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure.

10．...a mobile, extra human plasticity which was absolutely new.

a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new.

11．It has thus undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things.

People used to firmly believe that the things they saw around them were real solid substances but this has now been thrown into doubt by science, 12. That, perhaps,establishes the logical limit of the modern aesthetic.

This is perhaps the furthest limit of how solid objective things may be disappearing．

lesson 10

1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged…

At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.

2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was,in any case, inevitable.

In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.

3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure….

The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.

4. …it was tempted,in America at least,to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication..

In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.

5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,...

The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

6….our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.

Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war. 7. …they‖wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up‖

The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.

8. …they had outgrown towns and families….

These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.

9. …the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition,…

The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.

10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…

(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.

11….it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and ―Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center…

It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and \gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center. 12.Each town had its ―fast‖set which prided itself on its unconventionality,… Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.