远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)

⒆ rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：

not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice

very nice 如：It’s quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影) / It’s

rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好) [注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。

⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边) / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)

(21) most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”；mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)

(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡

是值得做的,就值得好好去做). / The house is worth ￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/ This book is well worth reading several times.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(这是一个值得看的东西)

(23)almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)

(24) a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)

另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有点感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please.(请你去给我搞点水来)

[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”,而 not a little则意为“非常,不是一点”。 3、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级

1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。

原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 2、规则变化:

(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。

a)直接加er,est ：

b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est： c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est： (2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most. 3、不规则变化:

原级 good好的 better更好的 well好；(身体)好的,

比较级 最高级 best最好的

bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 more更多的；更 (身体)最不舒服的 most最多的；最 least最少的 farthest最远的；最远地 furthest最深刻的(地) much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 far远的；远地 further进一步的(地) 4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法： (1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +…. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The

weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike

as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+…. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did

not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：

主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二

less更少的 farther更远的；更远地

个人物(‘B’)+…. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book

didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：

主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +…. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you

think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)

(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of …. 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He

jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)

4、关于比较等级的重要注释：

1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的) 2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)

3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)

4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)

5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)

6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of