试析土木工程

姓名：吴文锋

学号：20301104034 指导老师：陈新元

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目录

摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.土木工程的历史---------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.1 古代的土木工程------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. 土木工程的分支--------------------------------------------------------- 5 2.1 结构工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.2 建造工程与管理-------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 岩土或大地工程-------------------------------------------------------- 2.4 交通工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.5 环境工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.6 水利工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.7 材料工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8 测绘工程----------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 土木工程的基本属性--------------------------------------------------- 3.1 综合性-------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.2 社会性-------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.3 实践性-------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 土木工程的现状---------------------------------------------------------- 5. 土木工程的未来---------------------------------------------------------- 6. 土木工程师的社会责任------------------------------------------------- 结束语-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 参考文献-----------------------------------------------------------------------

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摘要

土木工程是指一切和水、土,有关的基础建设的计划、建造和维修相关的研究领域。现时一般的土木工程项目包括：道路、税务、渠务、防洪工程及交通等。过去曾经将一切非军事用途的民用工程项目，归入本类，但随着工程科学日益广阔，不少原来属于土木工程范围的内容都已经独立成科。

土木工程的范围非常广泛，它包括结构工程，建造工程与管理，岩土或大地工程，交通工程，环境工程，水利工程，材料工程，测绘工程。本专业学习工程力学、流体力学、岩土力学和市政工程学科的基本理论和基本知识。主要培养从事铁路、公路、机场等工程和房屋、桥梁、隧道、地下工程的规划、勘测、设计、施工、养护等技术工作和研究工作地高层次工程人才。

关键词：土木工程 设施 工程建设 道路 桥梁 施工 力学 勘测 设计

Civil engineering refers to all and water, soil, the relevant basic construction plan, construction and repair related research fields. The general civil engineering projects include: roads, taxation, drainage, flood control engineering and transportation. Once all non-military uses civil engineering projects, classified in this category, but with the engineering science is increasingly wide, many original belongs to the civil engineering scope of the content

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has a separate subject.

Civil engineering is very extensive, it including structural engineering, construction engineering and management, soil or earth engineering, traffic engineering, environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering, material engineering, surveying and mapping engineering. The professional learning engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock and soil mechanics and municipal engineering disciplines basic theory and basic knowledge. The main training Engage in railway, highway, airport and other engineering and building, bridge, tunnel, underground engineering planning, surveying, design, construction, maintenance and other technical work and research work of high-level engineering talent.

1. 土木工程的历史

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古代的土木工程

古代土木工程具有很长的时间跨度，它大致从公元前5000年的新石器时代到17世纪中叶，前后约7000年。其间各个方面皆有所发展：

⑴工具上由简单的木、石、骨制工具到石斧、石刀、石锛、石凿等，

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