UNIT1 Vocabulary I.

1. alliance; 2. at the cost of; 3. stroke; 4. limp; 5. minus; 6. regions; 7. declarations; 8. siege; 9. raw; 10. bide his time; 11. have taken their toll; 12. in the case of

1. is faced with; 2. get bogged down; 3. is pressing on/pressed on; 4. drag on 5. get by; 6. dine out; 7. have cut back; 8. get through;

1. lead to the conquest of cancer in the near feature

2. has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’

strike

3. will/should never get in the way of her career 4. caught the foreign minister off guard

5. of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete

1. Being faced with; the occupation of; regions; 2. crucial to; efficient; to reckon with; weaken; be brought to a halt; 3. a heroic; the decisive; turned the tide; siege; by launching II.

1. During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most

dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.

2. Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.

3. I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my

words.

4. Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could

withstand the harsh weather. III.

1. fall ill; 2. lay dead at home for two weeks; 3. dropped dead from a heart attack; 4. fell asleep; 5. marrying young; 6. to sit still for longer than a few minutes;

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. invasion; 2. stand in the way; 3. Conquest; 4. catching… off his guard; 5. launching; 6. declaration; 7. campaign; 8. drag on; 9. reckon with; 10. bringing… to a halt

1. allow; 2. reckoned; 3. highly; 4. forecasts; 5. rapidly; 6. instant; 7. delivery; 8. advantage; 9. observing; 10. powerful;

II. 1.

1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the

farm.

2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated

weapons.

3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly

desperate.

4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood

committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. 2.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination目的地 before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. UNIT2 Vocabulary I.

1. expansion; 2. automated; 3. vapor; 4. take control of; 5. hazards; 6. satellite; 7. vibrated; 8. magnetic; 9. bunched; 10. in the air; 11. got/was stuck in; 12. approximately;

1. send out; 2. stand up for; 3. pass for; 4. were closing in on; 5. starting up; 6. went through; 7. fill out; 8. fall into

1. incorporates all the latest safety features 2. two trees ten feet apart

3. awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm

4. the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars 5. are correlated in all racial groups

1. the application; remote; has turned into a reality; are poised to 2. that vibrate; can detect; frequency 3. lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazard; II.

1. kilogram; 2. memorandum; 3. gymnasium; 4. liberation; 5. doctor; 6. veterinarian; 7. preparatory; 8. automobile; 9. influenza;

10. medical care; 11. electronic mail; 12. communications satellite; 13. news broadcast; 14. sky hijack; 15. European dollar; 16. breakfast and lunch; 17. television broadcast; 18. Oxford and Cambridge III.

1. swimming pool; 2. drawing board; 3. enriched Middle English; 4. disturbing change; 5. fully developed prototype; 6. Canned foods 7. working population; 8. puzzling differences;

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. computerized; 2. start up; 3. be poised to; 4. alert; 5. hazards; 6. monotonous; 7. take control of; 8. steer; 9. lane; 10. decrease; 11. calculate; 12. eliminate; 13. getting stuck in; 14. mounted; 15. detect; 16. vapor;

1. generates; 2. related; 3. revolutionized; 4. enabled; 5. opportunities; 6. overall; 7. manufacturing; 8. dependent; 9. interact; 10. fatalities; II. 1.

6) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance. 7) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in

living standards and an increase in social problems.

8) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global

temperatures.

9) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.

10) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach. 2.

Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards,危害 especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted 安装in your car can detect alcohol vapor 蒸汽in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3 Vocabulary I.

1. rude; 2. physically; 3. structure; 4. made a difference; 5. blurted (out); 6. chuckling; 7. measurable; 8. prospective; 9. preparations; 10. sparkled; 11. took a crack at; 12. partner;

1. go after; 2. look back at/on; 3. be put up; 4. stood for; 5. build in; 6. follow up; 7. be hooked up to; 8. closed up

6. grilled her about where she had been all night

7. beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace 8. will be in readers’ hands soon

9. do your homework before going on an interview 10. was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars

1. applicants; veteran; the prospective; 2. from his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after; 3. as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely; II.

1. behave; 2. keep (used to avoid repetition); 3. clean; 4. get along; 5. perform/complete; 6. perform/complete; 7. study; 8. be enough; 9. be acceptable; III.

1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. Ok, I’ll talk about myself first. 2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something

here for you.

3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily

newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?

4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see

you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.

5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible? 6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. prospective; 2. As I see it; 3. done your homework; 4. beforehand; 5. endeavor; 6. structure; 7. partners; 8. Respond; 9. take a crack; 10. from the standpoint; 11. make a difference; 12. follow up

1. encouraging; 2. inquiry; 3. relevant; 4. samples; 5. references; 6. advice; 7. preparing; 8. seriously; 9. probably; 10. exhibit; II. 1.

11) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot

managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only o short while.

12) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone tow

plastic surgeries.

13) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the

future in our hands.

14) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made

better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.

15) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to

be built in the earthquake-stricken area. 2.

Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success. UNIT5 Vocabulary I.

1. In a way; 2. in accordance with; 3. vacancy; 4. in good condition; 5. transparent; 6. rub; 7. spicy; 8. hitherto; 9. with (a) bad grace; 10. instinct; 11. pawned; 12. current;

1. turned up; 2. will stick to; 3. brought back; 4. go about; 5. driving at; 6. put away; 7. turning over; 8. took aback;

11. has a very weak constitution—she may not be able to survive the operation

12. was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim 13. was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that 14. needs trimming/to be trimmed—it’s getting too long 15. are often deceptive

1. Oddly enough; went broke; wrinkled; he had gone all to pieces 2. definite; is capable of; her vanity; 3. too mild; sipping; stroke; II.

1. Except for; 2. except that; 3. except; 4. except when; 5. except to; 6. except what; 7. except where; 8. except that; III.

1. flat; 2. can; 3. candy; 4. lift; 5. faculty; 6. ground floor; 7. petrol; 8. mail; 9. railroad; 10. trousers;

11. tube, underground; 12. maize; 13. store; 14. favorable; 15. paralyse; 16. labour; 17. meter; 18. catalogue; 19. levelling ; 20. theatre ; 21. defense ; 22. plow ; 23. programme ; 24. practise; 25.characterize; 26. tire;

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. insane; 2. current; 3. candid; 4. capable; 5. was taken aback; 6. in good condition; 7. constitution; 8. go all to pieces; 9. gone broke; 10. vacancy; 11. mild; 12. deceptive;

1. suspected; 2. pleading; 3. confirmed; 4. stunned; 5. lucrative; 6. jewellery; 7. wealthy; 8. urge; 9. spell; 10. arrested; II. 1.

16) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an

adventurer.

17) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.

18) The trademark was registered in accordance with与 一致 the laws hitherto到目前为止 in

force.

19) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned

up.

20) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike

perceived 感知the society and himself. 2.

For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless然而, he turned out to be very ，sane venture荒唐的冒险. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent 冷漠to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone. UNIT6 Vocabulary I.

1. appliances; 2. comparative; 3. multiply; 4. distribution; 5. prosperity; 6. decorate; 7. famine; 8. large quantities of/a large quantity of 9. streamline; 10. fax; 11. pointed the way to; 12. bewildered;

1. eat into; 2. cling to; 3. stand out/stood out; 4. wears away; 5. set about; 6. switch off; 7. will be turned loose; 8. poured in;

16. is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent

17. to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the

heat and flames

18. was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved

with issues of market demand.

19. can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at

￡2,000

20. has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her

body in shape

1. reaction to; discontent; provoked; 2. Convention; evading tax; the confines of; 3. a burden; are always on the go/seem forever on the go; to cope; II.

1. nervousness; 2. tension; 3. stress; stress; 4. tension;

1. honorary; 2. Honorable; 3. honorable; 4. honorary; 5. honorable; 6. Honorary; III.

1. Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend

large sums of money to save some pieces—be it an elephant or an orchid—in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?

2. This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly

screened—at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, expert suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves. 3. With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you

would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.

4. Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click

away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. switch off ; 2. obliged ; 3. on the go ; 4. cope; 5. shortage; 6. large quantity of; 7. pouring in; 8. by nature; 9. fraction; 10. futile;

1. advantage; 2. wisely; 3. faithfully; 4. waking; 5. includes; 6. schedule; 7. sticking; 8. priorities; 9. set; 10. respect; II. 1.

21) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for

22) 23) 24) 25)

incurable diseases/cures for diseases that are beyond remedy治疗 so far.

Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.

The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.

The appalling 骇人的explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse坍塌 of the building.

In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.

2.

Today we are under constant 持续的pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception 感觉that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/good money.

Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring 下一代and shoulder the burden of domestic 家庭的responsibilities.

Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil辛苦 longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction 小部分of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy亲密 among family members is doomed to die in the process. UNIT7 Vocabulary I.

1. divined; 2. nerves; 3. solidarity; 4. sacred; mourn 5. coated 6. perish; 7. hijack; 8. grief; 9. farewell; 10. take revenge on; 11. revolves; revolves; 12. denounced;

1. drop off; 2. applied for; 3. went off; 4. are gaining on; 5. bring down; 6. blotted out; 7. think back on; 8. picking at;

21. brought down the American housing market in 2008 22. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes? 23. not in the mood to go out

24. long before the market began to show signs of weakness 25. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside

1. in the aftermath of; to blot out; the tragic; 2. armed; at dusk; accomplices; explosive; 3. in the space of; no illusion; II.

1. a little of; 2. a few; most of/many of; 3. much; 4. few; 5. many; 6. many of; 7. much of; 8. little; 9. few of; 10. Some;

III.

1. As the boy grew older;

2. she signs as beautifully as a nightingale/sings like a nightingale; 3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people; 4. As she had left her key in the office; 5. Just do as you are told;

6. Areas once regarded as rural; 7. as they do in China

8. As he was brave and loyal as well

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. mood; 2. tragic; 3. in the…aftermath of; 4. chaos; 5. toppling; 6. solidarity; 7. take revenge on; 8. thinking back on; 9. mourning; 10. perished

1. crashed; 2. horrible; 3. harsh; 4. protect; 5. remove; 6. utterly; 7. truly; 8. justify; 9. rewarded; 10. devastating; II. 1.

26) Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started to a coup, toppling the government

and throwing the country into chaos.

27) The falling market shattered her illusion about getting rich quickly.

28) Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was

the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.

29) Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for a

quarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to bear it.

30) People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the

event, will time fill up the void in their hearts? 2.

Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.

Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger. UNIT8 Vocabulary I.

1. heap; 2. was smeared; 3. warmed; 4. dissolve; 5. thrash; 6. out of the way; 7. hollows; 8. tangled; 9. get his hands on;

10. opaque; 11. at the edge of; illumined; 12. hop;

1. take apart; 2. result from; 3. run out of; 4. feed on; 5. come forward; 6. woke up; 7. focused on;

26. was dying to see the movie based on it

27. as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground 28. fuss too much over details

29. slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted 30. was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time

1. swarmed to; the spectacular; paddled; 2. in the heart of; out of the range of; trailing over; gliding in; 3. Day after day; strip; the heaving; slap; II.

1. worth; 2. worthy; 3. worthwhile; 4. worth; worth; 5. worthwhile; 6. worthy;

1. lone; 2. alone; 3. alone; 4. lonely; 5. lonely; 6. alone; lonely; III.

1. ice-cream; 2. teas; 3. wines; 4. cloth; 5. soap; 6. beer; 7. fuels; 8. soils; 9. sugars; 10. grass;

Comprehensive Exercises I.

1. are dying to ; 2. in the heart of ; 3. tangled; 4. paddles; 5. loop; 6. out of sight; 7. in flocks; 8. hopping; 9. gliding; 10. opaque; 11. thrashing; 12. darting; 13. swarms; 14. spectacular;

1. running; 2. fancy; 3. incorporate; 4. exploring; 5. guide; 6. adventure; 7. rarely; 8. diverse; 9. survive; 10. lucky; II. 1.

31) Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their

first date.

32) At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but

before long they were out of sight.

33) The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting

for their arrival.

34) Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character. 35) Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknote. He said he had found it on the curb

when he hopped off his school bus.

2.

Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decide to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city. Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there again.

Test yourself u1 to u4 Globallization by the book

Globalization is actually quite easy to define. It is simply an extension of economic freedoms beyond national boundaries.��Many years ago��I got a chance to enjoy the freedom that globalization brings when��on my 20th birthday.��I boarded a plane that brought me from Bombay 孟买to New York. And when I landed in New York it was still my 20th birthday and I celebrated it by eating Chinese food that came in funny little white containers I‘d never seen before。�� Being able to cross national boundaries is just one of five fundamental freedoms that globalization provides. These are the other four:

● first, the freedom to sell what you produce not just in your country but in others; and to buy products from all around the globe 地球either for your direct consumption 消耗or to help you make what you produce—this, of course, is international trade;

● second, the freedom to seek capital for your business ventures from foreign sources and to invest your savings abroad—this is called capital mobility or financial globalization; ● third, the spread of scientific knowledge and technology;

● fourth, the diffusion�ゴ�播��of ideas and culture—and cuisines�ヅ脞开�.

We should not take these freedoms for granted. We‘ve enjoyed them before and lost them. The world that existed before the onset开始 of World WarⅠwas one such time. Writing about it, the great British economist John Maynard Keynes said that ―the inhabitant居民 of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole Earth, in such quantity as he might see fit, and reasonably expect their early delivery upon his doorstep门阶…‖

Alas a sniper‘s�ゾ鸦魇知�bullet on June 28, 1914, triggered引发 a chain of events that reversed逆转 globalization. Another brilliant economist Fredrich von Hayek noted sadly: ―We didn‘t realize how fragile脆弱 our civilization was.‖

Over the past 60 years, we‘ve regained恢复 many of the freedoms lost during these 30 years from 1914 to 1944. Trade has expanded steadily不断地. Since 1990, capital mobility has greatly increased, though by some measures措施 it is not back to pre-World WarⅠlevels. Immigration 移民has increased but again, for the U.S. at least, it is just getting back to prewar levels. The spread of scientific knowledge has eliminated降低 many diseases and raised agricultural efficiency农业效率 worldwide. And the diffusion�ゴ�播��of culture and ideas continues briskly轻松地. In the political sphere领域, for instance, there has been a steady diffusion of democratic norms民主标准. Electoral democracies选举民主国家 now represent 120 of the 192 or so existing countries, constituting nearly 60% of the world‘s population.

Of course the course of globalization has not run smooth over these 60 years. In the mid-1990s, financial crises经济危机 disrupted断裂 international capital markets, but we‘ve learned valuable lessons from that experience on how to live with volatile�ザ�荡不定的��capital flows. And then, on September 11, 2001, we saw an attack on globalization potentially潜在的 as devastating 毁灭性的as the sniper‘s bullet in 1914. Mercifully宽恕地, international economic integration 整合has thus far proven to be less fragile脆弱的—in fact, the global economy has just recorded the fastest five-year pace of growth in recent decades. The material benefits from this 60-year expansion of economic freedoms are evident. They include longer lives, higher incomes and reduced poverty, lower inequality of incomes, reduction in social ills such as child labor,童工 and—eventually—a cleaner environment.

The increase in life expectancy�テ谕�寿命��, thanks to the international diffusion of scientific and medical knowledge, has been amazing. Consider that from about the time of the Roman Empire through to the beginning of the 19th century, average human life expectancy was less than 30 years. And even as late as 1950, average life expectancy in developing nations, such as the one I grew up in, was just 40 years. But today average life expectancy in the developing world has risen to 65 years. That is still lower than in the developed world, where life expectancy is about 75 years, but what‘s noteworthy is that the gap has shrunk. The gap used to be 30 years but is only 10 years today.

As incomes have risen, poverty rates have fallen almost everywhere. The number of people living in wretched�ケ�惨的��poverty has fallen by nearly 500 million—there has been greater reduction in poverty over the last 50 years than in the previous 500 years.

Higher incomes provide the means to combat social ills. With higher income, more families can afford to enroll加入 their children in school rather than put them to work. We saw this in Vietnam越南, for example, where school enrollment rose once the country‘s farmers were able to sell their rice at global prices. Rising up the income ladder in developing nations often involves abandoning life in agriculture舍弃农业生活 and moving to cities where there is more opportunity for higher-wage employment. Many of these jobs are in ―sweatshops‖. Many of them have low pay and poor working conditions, but they also provide the poor with opportunities they‘ve never known previously.

Many accept these benefits of globalization but worry that it raises income inequality. What are the facts? Global inequality has actually declined下倾 if one treats every individual as a citizen of Planet Earth and ignores their nationality. True, most of this is due to the spectacular 壮观的advancement 先进of incomes in China and India, but many other countries are sharing in the good fortunes that globalization brings. Within countries, the pattern of changes in inequality defies �ナ钩晌�不可能��easy characterization. Income inequality has indeed increased over the last 30 years in countries like the United States, but the consensus�ヒ恢碌囊饧���is that the cause is technology rather than trade.

The last material benefit I mentioned was a cleaner environment. Freedom—and free markets---eventually translate into a cleaner environment. We now know that some of the worst environmental abuses occurred in the countries of the former Soviet Union, under central planning and absence of political freedoms. In market economies, in contrast, once average incomes have crossed a threshold�ッ偶鳘�of about $3000 to $4000, rising incomes and cleaner environments go hand in hand.关系密切

1.The author‘s travel from Bombay to New York on his 20th birthday is cited引用 to illustrate注解__________. A) the high income he enjoys B) the freedom to cross national borders C) the high speed of air travel D) the benefits of modern transportation

2.2. What is financial globalization? A) The freedom to invest in whatever business you like. B) The free flow of capital across national borders. C) The free exchange of currencies among countries. D) The freedom to buy or sell products around the globe.

3.3. What does the author say about the First World War? A) It destroyed many industries built over the years. B) It was caused by a small accident. C) It was the result of a chain of events around the world. D) It turned back the trend of globalization.

4.4. What does the author say about the 60 years after World WarⅡ�� A) Financial crises frequently disrupted international capital markets. B) Globalization has regained its strength and proved less fragile than the prewar years. C) The global economy grew fast and economic integration far exceeded pre-World WarⅠlevels. D) Globalization went rather smoothly with rapid technological progress.

5.5. At present, average life expectancy in the developing world is___________________. A) 40 years B) about 75 years C) less than 30 years D) 65 years 6. The author cites Vietnam as an example of _____________________________.

The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process,

because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore ,it is

important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective 目的of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interview’s task is not to embarrass you or to trip you up, but to hire the right person for the job.

Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques技术 will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.

Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer won’t know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual 真实的and sincere manner.

Do not make slighting references一点也不要提到 to former employers or professors. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.

Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. Ask about responsibilities, working

conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe（附加）benefits of the job you are interviewing for.

If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be real, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse 不利的conditions. Some interviewers may bring up 提出salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate表明 that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific特定的 salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If possible, you should negotiate洽谈 for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are when you are ready to complete the paperwork.

1. To get the job you want, during the interview you should_________ A. avoid the interviewer’s questions that are designed to trip you up. B. remember that you are the best qualified candidate.

C. make yourself stand out as the right person for the job.

D. keep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you want.

2. If you did not get along with your former employer, you_______ A. should tell the interviewer frankly. B. should not speak ill of him.

C. should refer to him in a factual manner. D. should never mention it.

3. When you find the interview is not going well you should _______. A. keep up your confidence.

B. bring it to an end as soon as possible.

C. tell your interviewer how you react to adverse conditions. D. tell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to lose. 4.The best time to discuss your salary is _________. A. when you have been offered the job. B. at the end of the interview.

C. after you have completed the paperwork.

D. when the interviewer brings this matter up.

5. The most important thing to do during an interview is _________. A. to make your strengths understood.

B. to show your intense interest in the job you are applying for. C. to be frank and sincere.

D. to be natural and confident. 答案：BBAAA

Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future”. They featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors反应

堆 as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.

But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.

Airbags aren’t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions（碰

撞), they obviously still need some development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.

Better than systems to minimize（使减少到最低限

度） injury in the event of an accident ,however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening. Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating . Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver’s system and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determin

es you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle .

Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? There’s no reason to think it won’t be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled.

71.Why was the author fascinated by cars because _______. A. other small boys liked to own a car of their own, too.

B. he read unconventional things about cars in his brother’s magazines.

C. his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his car. D. he subscribed to cool car magazines.

72.By saying \doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do\means that_____.

A. my car is far better than my brother’s B. my car is not as good as my brother’s

C. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far

D. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently 73. Which of the following statements is true of airbags? A. They are in need of further improvement. B. They are going to disappear gradually.

C. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed collisions.

D. They are a standard feature of European cars. 74.

According to the author, what will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver's system?

A. They will give a warning in advance. B. They will brake automatically.

C. They will ease up on the throttle. D. They will not start. 75.

Which of the following statements is true according to the last paragraph?

A. People will give up all control to their cars B. Cars will be able to drive themselves.

C. No cars will ever break down on the roads.

D. Cars will all be equipped with failsafe system. 答案：BCADB

U5 TO U8

I study political violence暴力 for a living, yet I, too, am shaken and unsure how to react. As I sit here today in my office, only a few miles from the still-burning Pentagon, images of the slaughter屠杀 in my native New York dominate统治 my thoughts. It makes it hard to concentrate on work, and it makes the everyday things seem so trivial轻微的. Only now, twenty-four hours after the tragedy 悲剧began to unfold,展开 have I begun to realize how this has affected me on so many levels.

As an American, I feel threatened 危机的and confused, where only yesterday I felt proud and invincible (不可战胜的). As a citizen of the global community, I have been shocked into the reality of the reach of global terrorism. As a human being, I am appalled at the cruelty and inhumanity of these acts of terrorism. As someone who hopes to understand unspeakable acts, I am at a loss to understand this one, perhaps because it hits so close to home.

I know only these things: Someone, for some reason, has decided to strike 打击at the United States. Despite the many people killed, the intended target of this attack was American power. The goal was to strike a paralyzing fear into the hearts and minds of all citizens of the U.S., and perhaps its allies协约国 as well. Thus, we -- all of us -- are the real targets of this attack. This explains why many of us, even those of us who were not near the attacks, or who knew no one affected by them, felt this tragedy so deeply.

Yet we must not succumb屈从 to fear, for if we do the terrorists have won. Surely our lives will be different now. We may be more aware, more inconvenienced不方便, more insecure不安全. But we must learn to deal with this tragedy and to move on, to live our lives as fully and as entirely as before. I came to my office today, even though classes here have been cancelled, to live my life as normally as possible, for to do so in the face of yesterday's terrorist attacks is itself an act of defiance. 21. How did the author feel following the terrorist attack?

A) He felt proud and invincible because Americans did not succumb to fear. B) He felt relieved because no one dear to him was injured. C) He felt sorry for those killed or injured in the tragedy

D) He felt threatened and confused because he couldn't understand it.

22. The \ A) acts of political violence

B) acts of attacks for unknown reasons C) acts of war D) acts of murder

23. We can infer from the passage that the author ________. A) did not expect global terrorism could hit America

B) had a deep understanding of terrorism even before the attack C) knew that Americans would not succumb to terrorism D) believed that life would go on as before despite the attack

24. According to the author, the aim of the terrorist attack is _________. A) to kill as many Americans as possible

B) to make Americans aware of the terrorists' strength C) to sow panic among the Americans

D) to destroy the vital institutions of the American Government

25. The author's purpose in going to his office on the day following the terrorist attack is ________.

A) to give classes

B) to discuss the terrorist attack with his colleagues

C) to show defiance by living his life as normally as possible D) to get the latest news of the terrorist attack

Gray clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops树梢 at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10. It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek 徒步旅行over the Lolo Trail -- 95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across some of the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail 小路-- \with this weather?\

When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805, he was astonished 惊讶的by what was in front of him: \关阔的 ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.\Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East. Lewis and Clark weren't merely off the map; they were traveling outside the American imagination. Today their pathway小路 through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony 证明to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve 保存the path as a sacred (神圣的) gift. It remains today in virtually实际上 the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it. The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft., the drifts are 15 ft. and up. We have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we barely have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken and couscous, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge.山脊 There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are isolated in a way that mixes fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark. 26. We learn from the passage that before 1805 _______.

A) no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains B) there were no people living in the western part of America C) no one ever imagined going west to the Pacific Ocean

D) the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States

27. Judging from the context, the word \(Para. 1) is closest in meaning to _______.

A) a lonely walk in isolated country

B) a long, hard journey over rough terrain C) a tough climb up high mountains D) a journey over un-traveled pathways

28. We learn from the passage that the Lolo Pass _________. A) remains much as it was 200 years ago B) has changed a lot since 1805

C) now attracts large numbers of tourists D) is the meeting point of two cultures

29. Judging from the context, Lewis and Clark were most probably ________. A) two native Indians

B) explorers of the early19th century

C) merchants who did business with the Indians

D) travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass

30. We can infer from the passage that in crossing the Lolo Pass the author ________. A) was following the trail of Lewis and Clark B) was trying to set a world record C) was attempting the impossible

D) was gambling with weather and taking unnecessary risks