Module 1 课下能力提升（四）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

How did your friendships begin? Most start with a short conversation on a random day. Asking about a homework assignment in class or complaining about your sore legs after playing in a soccer game, you found your best pal by accident.

“Small talk is where all your relationships begin，” Forbes magazine summed up.

The following is a fivestep guide to making small talk from Bernardo J. Carducci, the director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast, US. Let’s have a look.

1．Getting started

Begin by talking about the setting, such as the weather outside or the room you are in (“It’s cold in here, isn’t it？”). The purpose of talking about the setting is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.

2．The personal introduction

You should mention something about yourself, such as your name. A good personal introduction helps move the conversation forward.

3．Looking for topics

At this point, you and your conversation partner need to find common ground. This is a good time to ask questions or to refer back to things you’ve said or heard earlier. Don’t worry if it gets quiet. The other person is probably just thinking of something to say.

4．Expanding the topic

The goal is to keep the conversation going. At every stage, you should be careful not to talk too much. But don’t let the other person dominate (支配) the conversation either. If that starts to happen, mention something about yourself when he or she takes a breath.

5．A polite ending

When ending a conversation, let the person know you’ll be leaving soon, express gratitude for the conversation and set the stage for a future conversation. For example, you could say，“I really must be going soon, but I had a great time chatting with you. I really liked hearing your opinion about that new movie. Here’s my phone number. Call or text me if you know of any other movies you think I might enjoy.”

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语篇解读：本文向学生介绍了如何通过聊天建立友谊的技巧。

1．According to the article, starting by talking about the setting is meant to ________.

A．find common ground B．impress the other person C．make the room louder

D．show your eagerness to make a conversation

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The purpose of talking about the setting is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.”可知谈论环境是一个很好的开始谈话的契机。

2．What is the reader advised to do when making small talk? A．Turn the conversation to your advantage. B．Never cut in when the other person is talking. C．Do whatever you can to avoid quiet moments. D．Focus on topics both sides are interested in.

解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“At this point, you and your conversation partner need to find common ground.”可知。

3．When ending a conversation, you’d better “________”． A．talk about how much you want to keep talking B．show that you’ve enjoyed the talk C．mention a specific movie that you love

D．give your opinion about the other person’s earlier comments

解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For example, you could say，’I really ... you think I might enjoy.’”可知。

4．The main purpose of the article is to ________. A．encourage students to make more friends at school B．give students tips on making small talk

C．introduce popular topics for students to have daily conversations about D．teach students how to create their friendships

解析：选B 写作意图题。根据文章第一段可知这是写给学生看的。再结合第一句话“How did your friendships begin? ”可推测作者的意图是向学生介绍如何通过聊天建立友谊的技巧。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Family isn’t always blood. They’re the people in your life who appreciate having

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you in their life. These people are the ones who truly matter. __1__

Free yourself from negative people. Spend time with nice people who are smart, driven and like-minded. Relationships should help you, not hurt you. __2__ Choose friends who you are proud to know, people you admire, who love and respect you. Life is too short to spend time with people who suck happiness out of you. __3__ Being you is the only way to truly live.

Show everyone kindness and respect. Treat everyone with kindness and respect, even those who are rude to you — not because they are nice, but because you are. __4__ Treat everyone with the same level of respect you would give to your grandfather and the same level of patience you would have with your baby brother. People will notice your kindness.

__5__ In most eases it’s impossible to change them anyway, and it’s rude to try. So save yourself from needless stress. Instead of trying to change others, give them your support and lead by example.

A．Accept people just the way they are.

B．Surround yourself with people who reflect the person you want to be. C．When you free yourself from negative people, you free yourself to be you. D．True friends should make your day a little brighter.

E．There are no boundaries or classes that define a group of people that deserve to be respected.

F．Remember: only make friends with outgoing people and stay away from those who don’t respect you.

G．Here are some tips to help you find and foster these special relationships. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了养成良好的关系的三条建议。

1．解析：选G 空处起承上启下的过渡作用，为读者提出培养人际关系的建议，故G项正确。

2．解析：选B 根据空前的“Relationships should help you, not hurt you”和空后的“Choose friends who you are ... respect you”可知，应选B“让你的周围满是你以后想要成为的那种人”，强调你所培养的这种关系积极的方面。

3．解析：选C 空后一句“Being you is the only way to truly live”与C项中的“free yourself to be you”相对应，故选C。

4．解析：选E 本段的主题句“Show everyone kindness and respect”与E项中的“a group of people that deserve to be respected”相对应，且由空后的“Treat everyone with the same level of respect ... of patience”可知，选E项，说明世上没有界限或等级去

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定义哪一部分人值得尊重，因此你要同等对待别人。

5．解析：选A 分析文章结构可知，空处是本段的主题句。根据下文中的“在大多数情况下，要改变他们是不可能的”和“不要试图改变别人，而要给他们支持和榜样的引领”可知，选A项“接受他们现在的样子”。

Ⅲ.完形填空

In the past, boredom was just part of life. You didn’t have a phone to __1__ you in the car. You sat in the back seat and stared out of the window. But today, boredom is easy to __2__. You can fill __3__ time with apps, Xboxes and computers.

In fact, being bored can get you into real __4__.

Boredom can lead to worry (Should I be doing something？). It can lead to bad __5__ (I’ll ride my bike down the stairs — what could go wrong？). People who are bored may __6__ be more likely to abuse (滥用) alcohol or drugs.

According to some experts, however, it turns out boredom can be __7__ for you. Why? It has to do with the __8__，which has two ways of paying attention.

The first way of paying attention is what helps you with what’s __9__ around you. It helps you listen to your teacher, catch a ball, and joke with your friends. That’s the part of the brain you use __10__ you text, play games and watch TV.

The other way of paying attention helps you think about how you __11__. It helps you sort out your feelings about a fight with your brother. It helps you __12__ the joy of baking cookies with your grandma. That’s the part of the brain you use to be __13__，daydream and imagine your future.

But these two parts of your brain can’t both __14__ at the same time. So what happens if you’re always __15__？ You’ll only use the first part of your brain. You’ll __16__ use the thoughtful part. If this part of your brain doesn’t work well, you may not know what you really feel. You can be __17__ of what you really want.

That’s why it’s __18__ to learn to be bored. Being able to do __19__ — happily — is an important skill. It’s something you have to practice, __20__ it will feel much more rewarding (有益的) than computer games.

语篇解读：无聊时人们常会无所事事，会陷入到纠结痛苦中。但科学家发现，事实并非如此，无聊也可能对人体产生益处。

1．A.educate C．help

B．support D．entertain

解析：选D 过去没有手机，无聊的你坐在车里无法“娱乐(entertain)”自己，只能呆

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